scholarly journals Taxation: Federal Income Tax: Extent to Which a Dividend in Kind Is Ordinary Income under the Internal Revenue Code

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Alice Austin
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Federal Income Tax

When Religion Is Paid to Be Silent

Worldview ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Dean M. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Symphony Orchestras ◽  
Circuit Court ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Public Charities ◽  
Federal Income Tax

On December 18, 1972, the Tenth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Denver handed down a decision which may be momentous not only for churches but for all organizations (hospitals, colleges, symphony orchestras, museums and other "public charities") exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The court took away a religious organization's tax exemption because it had engaged injpolitical activity, yet the decision has gone almost unnoticed in the great metropolitan newspapers of the East.

Oleo, Whiskey, and Cigars: How William Henry Osborn Implemented the 1913 Federal Income Tax

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Mary M. Stolberg
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The Political ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
Legal Battle

ABSTRACT Many scholars have chronicled the long political and legal battle that led to ratification of the 16th Amendment on February 25, 1913. However, none have described how the Bureau of Internal Revenue implemented the tax in only six months on a shoestring budget. William H. Osborn, the commissioner who oversaw the effort, left a diary of his experiences, which sheds light on the political, budgetary, and bureaucratic challenges he faced. While most internal revenue commissioners work in relative obscurity, Osborn won public acclaim by pursuing long-neglected evasions with headline grabbing criminal cases, pushing against patronage to hire qualified agents, and instituting cost-saving efficiencies. He melded political acumen, administrative genius, and a talent for inspiring his employees to build the basic framework for modern federal income tax collections. His experiences highlight the important, but often overlooked, role played by skilled bureaucrats.

Simplified Procedures for Computing the Federal Income Tax

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Robert L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Simplified Procedures

The procedure outlined by the Internal Revenue, service (IRS) for computing the amount of tax due, after the taxable income has been determined (line lld, Form 1040), requires five computational steps: (1) subtract the lower limit or the top bracket from the taxable income, (2) multiply the difference by the applicable rate, (3) add the product to a stated amount, (4) multiply the amount obtained in Step 3 by .075, and (5) add the product to the amount obtained in Step 3.

Split Income and Separate Spheres: Tax Law and Gender Roles in the 1940s

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Rate Structure ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Husband And Wife

Before the income-splitting joint tax return for husbands and wives became a part of the Internal Revenue Code in 1948, the federal income tax was assessed essentially on an individual basis. The progressive rate structure of the income tax meant that a husband and wife would, as a couple, pay the least tax if their income were divided equally between them. This became a substantial consideration as maximum marginal rates of tax exceeded 90 percent during the 1940s.

Designing a Federal Tax on Cannabis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Oglesby
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Federal Income Tax

Abstract A Federal tax on cannabis requires answers to several questions: 1. What should we tax? What should be the “base” or bases of a cannabis tax? (Possible bases include: price; weight of various product types [like flower, trim, and concentrate]; and THC content.) 2. Given any base, what should the tax rate be? 3. Should medical cannabis bear full tax? 4. Should marijuana advertising and selling expenses become deductible for federal income tax purposes? (That would treat cannabis businesses like other businesses; current Internal Revenue Code section 280E bars such deductions.) Recently introduced federal legislation provides answers, some more aligned with drug policy than others, to those questions.

The Internal Revenue Code and Religious Institutions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Zelinsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Unrelated Business

This chapter examines the Internal Revenue Code’s treatment of religious entities. The federal tax statute embodies three diverse approaches to taxing and exempting sectarian organizations and activities. Some provisions of the Code—the charitable deduction, the general income tax exemption for eleemosynary institutions, the federal unemployment tax—exempt religious entities and other charitable, educational, and philanthropic institutions. Other provisions of the Code narrowly target churches for tax exemption. For example, the Code relieves churches of filing requirements with which nonchurch religious entities and other eleemosynary organizations must comply. Similarly, churches’ retirement plans receive lenient treatment under the Code. Churches receive procedural protections from IRS audits.Yet other provisions of the Code tax churches as for secular entities. Churches generally pay FICA taxes—Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes—on the compensation paid to nonclerical employees. These payroll taxes can be considerable. Churches also pay federal income taxes on their unrelated business incomes.

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