The Four Narrative Perspectives in Absalom, Absalom!

PMLA ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Gartrell Levins
Keyword(s):  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Moral Outrage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The South ◽  
As I Lay Dying ◽  
Sound And The Fury ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Selection Of

In Absalom, Absalom!, as in The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying, Faulkner's concern is with the individual's subjective apprehension of the palpable world of experience. In the latter novels he distinguishes one character's point of view from another's by means of significant variations in language and style in those sections which present a different individual consciousness. The distinction among the four narrative perspectives in Absalom, Absalom!, however, is not stylistic, but formal. Faulkner differentiates the viewpoints in the novel by shaping each perspective after a different literary genre. It is a skillful adaptation of form to meaning, for the selection of these particular genres expresses, structurally, the imagination's subjective act of re-creating history, engaged in by four narrators emotionally involved in either Thomas Sutpen or the Southern myth: Rosa Coldfield, haunted by the moral “outrage” inflicted by the “demonic” Sutpen, shapes her narrative to the Gothic mystery; Mr. Compson, convinced of the epical proportions of the South, relates his narrative as a Greek tragedy; Quentin, obsessed by Henry's relationship with Judith because of his own involvement with Caddy, presented in The Sound and the Fury, expresses his narrative in the framework of the chivalric romance; and Shreve, the detached, intellectual Northerner, relieves the intensity of the preceding viewpoints by means of the ludicrous humor of the tall tale.

Innocence or experience? A critical reading of some recent translations of William Faulkner

Babel ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Marta Dahlgren Thorsell
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
William Faulkner ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Language ◽  
As I Lay Dying ◽  
Sound And The Fury ◽  
Proof Reading ◽  
Publishing Houses

Abstract William Faulkner's novels have been translated into Spanish on many occasions by different publishing houses, mainly in Latin America, but Spanish publishers have been commissioning new translations in recent years. Two of these relatively recent publications have been examined and compared with earlier translations for two reasons: to find the extent to which the cultural background of the translator has coloured his or her choice of linguistic options, and to determine whether there seems to be any evidence that it might be prudent for a translator to be familiar with the literary criticism published on the novel being translated. In the case of William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, it was found that the second translator committed some very common errors, i.e., mistakes against which all students of translation are warned. Above all, the analysis uncovered evidence of changes in point of view in connection with the delicate matter of the description of Benjy's world, as well as of a clear lack of understanding of the source language. As for As I Lay Dying, one cannot help but wonder why a new translation was commissioned and published when there was so little difference in the end result. Another question triggered by the examination was why plain carelessness in translation and proof-reading was allowed to tarnish an otherwise attractive new edition of one of Faulkner's best-known works. Résumé A plusieurs reprises, les romans de William Faulkner ont été traduits en espagnol et publiés par différents éditeurs, en Amérique Latine essentiellement. Certains éditeurs espagnols ont commandé de nouvelles traductions au cours de ces dernières années. Deux de ces publications récentes ont été étudiées et comparées à des traductions plus anciennes au vu d'un double objectif: d'une part pour déterminer dans quelle mesure le contexte culturel des traducteurs influence leur choix d'options linguistiques, et d'autre part pour voir s'il existe des preuves que le traducteur aurait intérêt à être au fait des critiques littéraires,publiées à propos du roman à traduire. En ce qui concerne le roman de William Faulkner The Sound and the Fury, on a constaté que dans la nouvelle traduction, le traducteur a commis des erreurs dont les étudiants en traduction sont généralement informés et auxquelles ils doivent être attentifs. De son côté, l'analyse révèle surtout des glissements de point de vue, en particulier en ce qui concerne la description de l'univers de Benjy, mais aussi un manque total de compréhension de la langue source. Dans le cas de As I Lay Dying, on peut s'interroger sur la demande et la publication d'une nouvelle traduction, qui, en définitive, n'offre dans son ensemble que très peu de variété. A la lumière de l'analyse de la nouvelle traduction de l'un des meilleurs romans de Faulkner, on peut aussi se demander pourquoi on a toléré qu'une traduction et une lecture d'épreuves aussi peu soigneuses viennent ternir la nouvelle édition, qui, au demeurant, est attrayante.

scholarly journals NOVEL ANAK RASIAH KODEU BINER KARYA DADAN SUTISNA SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBELAJARAN APRESIASI SASTRA DI SMP (Analisis Strukturalisme dan Etnopedagogik)

LOKABASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Euis Siti Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Story Content ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Selection Of

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan unsur struktural dan etnopedagogik novel Rasiah Kodeu Biner sebagai alternatif bahan pengajaran apresiasi sastra. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis, sedangkan teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik telaah pustaka, analisis data, dan teknik interpretasi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan tema novel tentang usaha sekelompok anak memecahkan rahasia surat yang menggunakan bilangan biner. Alur yang digunakan alur campuran. Jumlah tokoh 43 orang. Latar yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya latar tempat, waktu, dan sosial. Judul telah mewakili isi cerita. Pengarang menggunakan sudut pandang orang ketiga. Bahasa yang digunakan bahasa sehari-hari. Novel Rasiah Kodeu Biner memiliki banyak nilai etnopedagogik moral kemanusiaan. Novel ini bisa dijadikan alternatif bahan pembelajaran apresiasi sastra karena memenuhi kriteria pemilihan bahan ajar serta mengandung nilai moral kemanusian sesuai kepribadian siswa. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to describe the structural and ethnopedagogic elements of Rasiah Kodeu Biner novel as an alternative of literature appreciation teaching-learning material. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method, while the techniques used are literature review techniques, data analysis, and interpretation techniques. The results of the study revealed that the novel theme is about the effort of group of children to solve the secret letter using binary numbers. The sequel used is mixed sequel. Numbers of characters are 43 people. The backgrounds found in this study include setting place, time, and social. The title has represented the story content. The author uses a third-person point of view. Language used is common language. Rasiah Kodeu Biner novel has many ethnopedagogic moral values of humanity. This novel can be used as an alternative material in teaching-learning literature appreciation, as it meets the criteria of the selection of teaching-learning materials and contains the moral values of humanity suitable with the students’ personality.

Dialect and point of view

Target ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simo K. Määttä
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sound And The Fury ◽  
Dialect Variation

This article is an analysis of translations into French of non-standard literary dialect, in particular the speech of African Americans, in William Faulkner’s The sound and the fury. It shows that the contingency of dialect variation upon narrative point of view (focalization) is not taken into account in translation, an omission that alters the ideological framework of the novel. In addition, it argues that the maintenance of this variation, when systematic, should be at least as important a concern as, for instance, the most accurate translation of single dialectal or non-standard words and utterances.

Sutpen and The South: A Study of Absalom, Absalom!

PMLA ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-604
Author(s):  
Melvin Backman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Novel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The South ◽  
Sound And The Fury ◽  
To Come ◽  
Historical Truth

Seven years after the publication of The Sound and the Fury came Absalom, Absalom! (1936). The Sound and the Fury dealt with the fall of a family, Absalom deals with the fall of a society. The Quentin Compson of Absalom is not quite the same as the earlier Quentin: his concern is social rather than personal and his role is identified for the most part with a central quest in the novel—the quest to discover the truth about the rise and fall of his South. In its search for the truth about a whole society, the novel circles and shuttles back and forth in time, its sentences twist and strain, and its narrators attempt to recreate a past on the basis of some fact and much conjecture. Sometimes the narrators mislead unintentionally, sometimes they contradict one another, and often they are carried away by their own bias, preoccupation, or imagination. Yes, it is hard to come by truth, but still one might question whether a novel whose pitch is too shrill, whose approach is emotional and poetic, whose perspective seems unclear and shifting—one might question whether such a work presents the best way of getting at historical truth. The method of narration apparently mirrors not only the difficulty in getting at truth but the struggle to face truth. For all its straining, its complexities and obscurities, Absalom, I would conclude, is Faulkner's most historical novel.

scholarly journals Socialist Realism And The Situation Of Women In Society In The Works Of Maxim Gorky "Mother" (Социалистический Реализм И Положение Женщины В Обществе В Произведении Максима Горького "Мать")

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (44) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Hadeel Ismaeel Khalil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Maxim Gorky

Maxim Gorky’s Mother is one of the most important literary genre in social realism, in which he depicts female characters with revolutionary fervor and enthusiasm, projecting his social ideologies and dreams. Though the novel unique importance lies in the fact that it has been thoroughly analyzed by many writers, historians and sociologists, there are almost no studies devoted to the role of women out of a Marxist and feminist point of view. The present paper sheds light on the Russian woman‘s important role in overcoming all adversity and gain her position on Social Realism. Одно из центральных мест среди произведений, написанных в таком литературном жанре, как социалистический реализм, занимает произведение Максима Горького "Мать", в котором он изображал женские персонажи с революционным задором и энтузиазмом, проецируя через них свои социалистические мысли и мечты. Актуальность данной работы заключается в том, что произведение Горького "Мать" было анализировано многими литераторами, историками и социологами, однако почти отсутствуют исследования, посвящённые революционной роли женщин с марксистской и феминистской точки зрения. В заключении делается вывод о том, что Максим Горький в романе "Мать" дал чёткий портрет русской женщине в рамках социалистического реализма, которая смогла преодолеть все невзгоды, переродиться и стать полноправным членом общества.

Flux and the Frozen Moment: The Imagery of Stasis in Faulkner's Prose

PMLA ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl E. Zink
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Light In August ◽  
As I Lay Dying ◽  
Sound And The Fury ◽  
The World ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Formal Statement

William Faulkner is a poet—not a philosopher, nor an essayist, nor a businessman who writes articles for Harper's. Many readers have been baffled and annoyed and have even hated Faulkner personally because his novels have always demanded critical, curious reading. As an artist, he speaks through form. As a novelist, he has always exercised the privilege and the gift of symbolic discourse. If Faulkner were a philosopher, he would perhaps be more systematic about arranging and ordering his meanings. But he is an artist whose genius is for meaningful form rather than formal statement; his meaning, therefore, is legitimately diffuse, complex, and resistant; and the sensitive reader enjoys a continuous awareness of the multiple meanings of his form. Through form the artist interprets or criticizes the world in which he lives; through form the reader senses the artist's philosophical outlook on the world. The philosophical assumptions that underlie Faulkner's novels and largely determine their distinctive “shape” do not come to us as direct statement. As with most original artists, Faulkner's most deeply felt ideas are manifest in his symbols and his imagery; they are implicit in his peculiar and much maligned sentence structure, and in the experimental and complex structural patterns he gave to such remarkable books as The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, Light in August, Requiem for a Nun, and Absalom, Absalom! One can defend successfully, I think, the proposition that when Faulkner has spoken in the novel as philosopher or essayist or sectionalist he has failed. When he attempts debate, as he does in parts of Intruder in the Dust, his voice is ordinary, in some respects shrill and small. He is angrier, indeed despairing, in Sanctuary; but Sanctuary, for all its weaknesses, is a novel superior to Intruder in the Dust because it more consistently dramatizes and restrains and diffuses its despair through form. In the bitterest of his early novels, As I Lay Dying, the “outrage” is beautifully restrained and patterned into art, with no hint anywhere of the direct voice of argument or rationality that we hear with the later Gavin Stevens of Intruder in the Dust and Requiem for a Nun. Darl and Addie Bundren (As I Lay Dying) are poetic and persuasive; Gavin Stevens and the recreated Temple Drake (Requiem for a Nun) are prosaic, literal and dull.

scholarly journals Symbolism of the Eagle and Jaguar in the Novel City of the Beasts by Isabel Allende

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
Roman Zaťko
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Isabel Allende ◽  
South American ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The South ◽  
Native Peoples

Abstract The following article is concerned with the analysis of the symbols of eagle and jaguar in the native cultures from the Amazon area, which, have inspired, among others, Chilean author Isabel Allende in her novel City of the Beasts. The animal motives become an integral part of the cultural tradition of the South American indigenous tribes that the author mentions. Legends and myths that the inhabitants of the rainforest keep to this day often describe the relation between person's life and the surrounding nature. In this respect, eagle and jaguar play an important role. From an anthropological point of view, the native peoples of the Amazon are closely tied with these animals. Their culture contains customs and rituals in which they imitate these worshipped animals. The aim of these rituals is to acquire animal hunting skills and strength. In literature, this connection can be even stronger. There are occasionally marriages between an eagle or jaguar and human characters, who live side by side. Such connection is not possible with other animals like sloths or monkeys. The reason for this is primarily the fact that only jaguars and eagles make living in a similar fashion to human characters of native myths. They hunt like people, eat what humans do and they share the same hunting grounds and habitat. In the novel, Isabel Allende refers to the jaguar and eagle as totem animals. They are symbols of profound connection between humans and nature. In the course of the story, the eagle and jaguar accompany the young heroes Alexander Cold and his friend Nadia on their initiation journey through the forest. At the end of the story, the young couple comes back to the civilization to convey the message of the indigenous people of Amazon, seeking an end of the bloodshed these tribes face.

scholarly journals Memorias conflictivas en "El desierto" de Carlos Franz

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-149
Author(s):  
Elide Pittarello
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Rational Solution ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chilean Dictatorship ◽  
Literary Techniques ◽  
Obscure Origin

Los acontecimientos históricos de la novela El desierto de Carlos Franz cubren la dictadura chilena y la transición entre 1973 y 2005. En este trabajo se analiza la manera de tratar los temas de la memoria histórica siguiendo el modelo de tragedia griega, especialmente la interacción entre lo apolíneo y lo dionisíaco elaborados por Friedrich Nietzsche. Tomando como punto de partida el proceso de la memoria histórica alemana, el autor representa el trauma chileno como una cuestión universal con un enfoque transnacional y cosmopolita. Desde el punto de vista trágico, integrado con los conceptos de la biopolítica, el análisis de El desierto cuestiona los problemas de la culpa, de la responsabilidad individual y colectiva, de la práctica de la violencia y la justicia. Sin embargo, no es posible dar con una solución racional. El estilo narrativo de la novela juega un papel fundamental en la presentación de la libertad humana como enigma. La estructura discontinua de la trama, basada en escenas simbólicas y elipsis referenciales entre otras técnicas literarias, concluye con un final circular, nihilista. Se subraya así el origen oscuro del mal y su resistencia fatal contra la esperanza de que pueda haber una civilización habitable.  The historical events of the novel El desierto by Carlos Franz concern the Chilean dictatorship and the transition between 1973 and 2005. In this paper we discuss how the topics of historical memory are dealt with following the model of Greek tragedy. It is especially based on the interaction between the Apollonian and the Dionysian principles elaborated by Friedrich Nietzsche. Starting with the process of German historical memory, the author represents the Chilean trauma as a universal question with both a transnational and a cosmopolitan approach. From the tragic point of view, integrated with the concepts of biopolitics, the analysis of El desierto questions the issues of guilt, of individual and collective responsibility, of the practice of violence and justice. However, no rational solution can ultimately be found. The novel’s narrative style plays a fundamental role in the presentation of human freedom as an enigma. The discontinuous structure of the plot, based on symbolic scenes and referential ellipses among other literary techniques, concludes with a circular, nihilistic ending. It underlines the obscure origin of evil and its fatal endurance beyond hope for any livable civilization.

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

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