Valuing, Paying for and Providing Open Space in Urban Fringe Areas

1962 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Cusick
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Fringe

scholarly journals Open Space and Urban Sprawl: The Effects of Zoning and Forest Conservation Regulations in Maryland

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lichtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
Using Data

Rapid urbanization enhances the desirability of policies for preserving open space but policies intended to preserve open space may extend the urban boundary and create leapfrog development. We investigate this potential conflict between open space preservation and urban sprawl conceptually and empirically using data from the Baltimore-Washington suburbs. In accord with previous theoretical and empirical results, the estimated econometric model indicates that both zoning and forest planting requirements contribute to sprawl by increasing the amount of land needed to accommodate the current number of households. These results point to a conflict between preserving open space incorporated into private building lots or internal to subdivisions and public open space at the urban fringe.

scholarly journals Simulated Effects of Use Value Assessment on Property Tax Rates

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Chauncey T. K. Ching ◽  
George E. Frick
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Land Uses

Because of the awareness of the importance of non-urban land uses, many States have turned to use value assessment (as opposed to assessment at market value) as one method of maintaining open space. For example, see “Taxation of Farmland in the Rural-Urban Fringe” by Thomas F. Hady and Thomas F. Stinson, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, A. E. Report No. 119, 1967. in response to such actions, many researchers have addressed themselves to the effectiveness of use value assessment in maintaining open space. The effectiveness of use value assessment in keeping land open is not in question in this discussion. Suffice to say that the effectiveness of use value assessment in maintaining open space is a highly debatable issue on both economic and political grounds.

Development of high-performance objective lens polepiece for ultrahigh resolution Analytical Electron Microscope

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
K. Fukushima ◽  
T. Kaneyama ◽  
F. Hosokawa ◽  
H. Tsuno ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope

Recently, in the materials science field, the ultrahigh resolution analytical electron microscope (UHRAEM) has become a very important instrument to study extremely fine areas of the specimen. The requirements related to the performance of the UHRAEM are becoming gradually severer. Some basic characteristic features required of an objective lens are as follows, and the practical performance of the UHRAEM should be judged by totally evaluating them.1) Ultrahigh resolution to resolve ultrafine structure by atomic-level observation.2) Nanometer probe analysis to analyse the constituent elements in nm-areas of the specimen.3) Better performance of x-ray detection for EDS analysis, that is, higher take-off angle and larger detection solid angle.4) Higher specimen tilting angle to adjust the specimen orientation.To attain these requirements simultaneously, the objective lens polepiece must have smaller spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients and must keep enough open space around the specimen holder in it.

Changing Places

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John MacDonald ◽  
Charles Branas ◽  
Robert Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
City Life ◽  
New Science ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Scientific Testing ◽  
Large Groups

The design of every aspect of the urban landscape—from streets and sidewalks to green spaces, mass transit, and housing—fundamentally influences the health and safety of the communities who live there. It can affect people's stress levels and determine whether they walk or drive, the quality of the air they breathe, and how free they are from crime. This book provides a compelling look at the new science and art of urban planning, showing how scientists, planners, and citizens can work together to reshape city life in measurably positive ways. It demonstrates how well-designed changes to place can significantly improve the well-being of large groups of people. The book argues that there is a disconnect between those who implement place-based changes, such as planners and developers, and the urban scientists who are now able to rigorously evaluate these changes through testing and experimentation. It covers a broad range of structural interventions, such as building and housing, land and open space, transportation and street environments, and entertainment and recreation centers. Science shows we can enhance people's health and safety by changing neighborhoods block-by-block. The book explains why planners and developers need to recognize the value of scientific testing, and why scientists need to embrace the indispensable know-how of planners and developers. It reveals how these professionals, working together and with urban residents, can create place-based interventions that are simple, affordable, and scalable to entire cities.

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