The Value of Water in Alternative Uses, with Special Application to Water Use in the San Juan and Rio Grande Basins

1963 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Fletcher E. Riggs ◽  
Nathaniel Wollman
Keyword(s):  
San Juan ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley Jane Ivers ◽  
◽  
Jared M. Beeton ◽  
Jacqueline A. Smith ◽  
Bradley G. Johnson

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Jones ◽  
John Fleck

Managing outdoor water use while maintaining urban tree cover is a key challenge for water managers in arid climates. Urban trees generate flows of ecosystem services in arid areas, but also require significant amounts of irrigation. In this paper, a bioeconomic-health model of trees and water use is developed to investigate management of an urban forest canopy when irrigation is costly, water has economic value, and trees provide ecosystem services. The optimal tree irrigation decision is illustrated for Albuquerque, New Mexico, an arid Southwest US city. Using a range of monetary values for water, we find that the tree irrigation decision is sensitive to the value selected. Urban deforestation is optimal when the value of water is sufficiently high, or alternatively starts low, but grows to cross a specific threshold. If, however, the value of water is sufficiently low or if the value of tree cover rises over time, then deforestation is not optimal. The threshold value of water where the switch is made between zero and partial deforestation is well within previously identified ranges on actual water values. This model can be applied generally to study the tradeoffs between urban trees and water use in arid environments.


Author(s):  
Hallier Arnulfo Morales Dueñas
Keyword(s):  
San Juan ◽  

Este artículo hurga en la historia social de la educación algunas huellas que permitan ver cómo se ha construido y constituido el normalismo rural en Zacatecas durante las décadas1930-1950. Muestra la llegada de la Normal Rural proveniente de San Juan del Río, Querétaro, a Río Grande, Zacatecas; la relación que guardó la población local ante el proyecto federal; el impacto de grupos políticos en el desenvolvimiento de sus tareas, cobertura de necesidades, ocaso y traslado, base de una primera identidad normalista; su conversión de Normal Rural a Regional Campesina en San Marcos, la nueva tierra, tareas, orientación, el acompañamiento al Estado bajo la proclama de ser la vanguardia socialista y revolucionaria local, hasta la prohibición de su orientación marxista y la zozobra vivida frente el movimiento cristero y sinarquista que la catalogó de transgresora de la tradición y fe popular aún más allá de los cincuenta.


Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-379
Author(s):  
Jardel Henrique Kirchner ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Rogério Ricalde Torres ◽  
Wellington Mezzomo ◽  
...  

PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY IN THE USE OF WATER IN DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN FORAGE SORGHUM IN  DYNAMIC OF CUTS     JARDEL HENRIQUE KIRCHNER1; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA1; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER1; ROGÉRIO RICALDE TORRES2; WELLINGTON MEZZOMO1; LUIS HUMBERTO BAHÚ BEN1; LEONITA BEATRIZ GIRARDI3 E BRUNA DALCIN PIMENTA1   1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, nº 1000, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul – Campus Vacaria, Estrada Engenheiro João Viterbo de Oliveira, nº 3061, Zona Rural, 95200-000, Vacaria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 3 Departamento de Ensino, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Educacional do Alto Uruguai - Faculdade Ideau – Passo Fundo, Av. Ruy Barbosa, 103 - Qd. 138, Bairro Vila Petrópolis, 99050-120, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.       1 ABSTRACT  The availability of pasture during the year is essential to the development of animals. In the period between spring and summer, pasture quality is impaired due to the irregularity of rainfall, needing the establishment of cultivated and irrigated pastures. Thus, sorghum is a culture propitious for implementation in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul due to its adaptation to this time of the year and the supply of mass produced. However, it needs adequate water availability to achieve its potential. The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter yield of the forage sorghum in six irrigation depths (0, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of the reference evapotranspiration) and the water use efficiency for four cut periods of the crop (50, 80, 110 and 140 days after sowing). The experiment was conducted in the Brazilian city of Santiago, RS. Sowing was held on November 18, 2014. A conventional sprinkler irrigation system was used with a main row and six side rows in PVC and the irrigation levels were differentiated by the sprinkler nozzle diameter of each lateral row. Statistically significant differences were found for the dry matter yield variation for the four cut periods evaluated, as well as for the water use efficiency of each cut, linear equations were adjusted for 3 cuts and quadratic for 1 cut for both productivity and water use efficiency. Therefore, it is clear that irrigation can have influence in the increase of forage sorghum crop production, and adequate water supply and proper management are extremely import to obtain higher crop yield.    Keywords: Sorghum bicolor L.(Moench), irrigation management, pasture irrigation, productivity of cuts.         KIRCHNER, J. H.; ROBAINA, A. D.; PEITER, M. X.; TORRES, R. R.; MEZZOMO, W.; BEN, L. H. B.; GIRARDI, L. B.; PIMENTA, B. D. PRODUTIVIDADE E EFICIÊNCIA NO USO DA ÁGUA EM SORGO FORRAGEIRO IRRIGADO EM DINÂMICA DE CORTES     2 RESUMO   A disponibilidade de pastagem durante o ano é essencial para o desenvolvimento dos animais em pastejo. No período compreendido entre a primavera e o verão, a qualidade das pastagens é prejudicada devido à irregularidade das chuvas, necessitando o cultivo de pastagens cultivadas e irrigadas. Assim, o sorgo é uma cultura propícia à sua implantação no Rio Grande do Sul devido à sua adaptação nesta época do ano e à oferta de massa produzida. No entanto, precisa de uma disponibilidade de água adequada para atingir seu potencial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento de massa seca do sorgo forrageiro em seis lâminas de irrigação (0, 60, 80, 100, 120 e 140% da evapotranspiração de referência) e a eficiência no uso da água, em quatro períodos de corte (50, 80, 110 e 140 dias após a semeadura). O experimento foi conduzido na cidade brasileira de Santiago, RS. A semeadura foi realizada em 18 de novembro de 2014. Utilizou-se um sistema convencional de irrigação por aspersão com uma linha principal e seis linhas laterais em PVC sendo os níveis de irrigação diferenciados pelo diâmetro de bocal dos aspersores de cada linha lateral. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes para a variação da produção de massa seca nos quatro períodos de corte avaliados, bem como, para a eficiência no uso da água de cada corte, sendo ajustadas equações lineares para 3 cortes e quadrática para 1 corte tanto para produtividade quanto para a eficiência no uso da água. Assim, a irrigação apresentou uma grande influência no aumento da produção de sorgo forrageiro, onde, atrelada a um uso eficiente da água, proporcionou ganhos elevados de rendimento forrageiro na cultura.  Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor L.(Moench), manejo da irrigação, irrigação de pastagem, produtividade dos cortes.  


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanli Wang ◽  
Yongxi Ma ◽  
Alan Collins

Agriculture-to-urban water transfer is currently an important measure to meet the increasing water demand result from rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. Not only measuring benefits of agriculture-to-urban water transfer is critical to assess water transfer proposals, but also it can provide reliable basis for redistributing the benefits of agriculture-to-urban water transfer. This paper has developed a comprehensive framework in which Production Function Approach (PFA) is applied to quantify the value of water use in agricultural and industrial sectors, and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is employed to investigate the value of water use in municipal consumption and ecological environment. A case study from Zhuji in China verified the feasibility and validity of the method proposed in the paper. Results indicate that the Agriculture-to-urban water transfer increases the water value created by improving allocation efficiency of water use in different sectors. The benefits of agriculture-to-urban water transfer mainly origin from the fact that the economic value in industrial water-use are higher than which in the other sectors’ water-use. Meanwhile, the urban residents have a stronger desire to improve the water eco-environment which lead to higher water value in urban area.


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