STRUCTURE OF STARCH GRAINS AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF VASCULAR PLANT FAMILIES

Taxon ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Th. Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Plant Families

Plant diversity of Ghorkhod Protected Area, NE Iran

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
FARSHID MEMARIANI ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA JOHARCHI ◽  
HOSSEIN AKHANI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Ne Iran

Ghorkhod Protected Area (GPA) is located in a transitional zone among different biogeographical units in North Khorassan Province, NE Iran. The study area is mainly a mountainous region in western extensions of Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province. We investigated the floristic composition, life form spectrum and phytogeography of the study area through several random collection efforts and 200 vegetation samples (reléves) in selected vegetation types during 2007–2012. A total of 663 vascular plant species belonging to 367 genera and 81 families are recorded as native and naturalized in GPA. Angiosperms and Dicots are among the most diverse plant groups. The richest plant families are Asteraceae (88 species), Poaceae (78), Lamiaceae (45), Brassicaceae (43), Fabaceae (38), and Caryophyllaceae (32). The genera Allium L. (17 species), Astragalus L. (15) and Cousinia Cass. (12) are the richest ones, however, the majority of the species belongs to oligotypic and monotypic genera. Life form spectrum of the study area is dominated by hemicryptophytes (38.9%) and therophytes (23.4%). Allium transvestiens Vved., Agropyron desertorum Schult., Helictotrichon turcomanicum Czopanov and Piptatherum latifolium (Roshev.) Nevski are recorded as new to Iran. The core flora of the area has the Irano-Turanian origin. However, the wide-range and widespread elements are also well represented in the study area. GPA is inhabited by several endemic, rare and narrow-range plant species, indicating the biodiversity importance of the study area in NE Iran.

scholarly journals Floristic composition and phytodiversity status of Sitakunda Ecopark, Chittagong, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anwarul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Gazi Mosharof Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Plant Families

The present study dealt with the exploration and documentation of the floristic composition and phyto-diversity of Sitakunda Eco-park, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 412 vascular plant species under 315 genera belonging to 94 plant families have been recorded from the study area during February, 2013 to April, 2015. Out of these recorded taxa, 330 were dicotyledons, 62 were monocotyledons, 5 were gymnosperms and 15 were pteridophytes. Among those, the maximum 144 species belonged to herbs followed by 138, 75 and 55 species as trees, shrubs and climbers, respectively. The species composition among the plant families varied in plant groups. In dicotyledonous group, Euphorbiaceae appeared to be the largest family with 35 species, whereas Poaceae showed the largest family containing 30 species among monocotyledonous group. The highest values of both Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices have been observed as 3.82 and 0.98, respectively to site D during monsoon season, whereas the lowest values 3.19 and 0.95, respectively of these indices were recorded in site A during summer season.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 29-45, 2016 (June)

Monoterpenes: Essential Oil Components with Valuable Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 958-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Boveiri Dehsheikh ◽  
Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani ◽  
Paria Boveiri Dehsheikh ◽  
Javad Mottaghipisheh ◽  
Sara Vitalini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Main Components

Medicinal plants have a wide range of secondary metabolites including monoterpene. These volatile compounds are the main components of essential oils, belonging to the isoprenoid group and possessing valuable features for plants and humans. This review provides comprehensive information on chemical structures and classification of monoterpenes. It describes their biosynthesis pathways and introduces plant families and species rich in noteworthy monoterpenes. Bio-activities, pharmacological and pesticide effects as well as their mechanism of action are reported. Applications of these compounds in various industries are also included.

scholarly journals Chromosome number and meiotic behavior in several plant taxa from iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Seyed Ghaffari ◽  
Abbas Zare ◽  
Fereshteh Corom ◽  
Masoureh Sedaghati
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
First Time ◽  
Accessory Chromosomes

Original meiotic or both meiotic and mitotic chromosome numbers are reported for ten endemic and one non endemic species in nine vascular plant families from Iran. The chromosome numbers of Acantholimon schahrudicum, A. truncatum, Anthochlamys multinervis, Campanula perpusilla, Cousinia calcitrapa var. interrupta, Dorema ammoniacum, Euphorbia gedrosiaca, and Hyocyamus orthocarpus were determined for the first time. The chromosome counts for Astrodaucus persicus and Hedysarum criniferum agree with previous ones. The gametic chromosome numbers for Hedysarum criniferum and Allium stipitatum are reported here for the first time. The occurrence of accessory chromosomes are also reported for Acantholimon schahrudicum and Dorema ammoniacum, being the first records of B chromosomes in the genera Acantholimon and Dorema.

scholarly journals Plant communities with Carex frigida in the Julian Alps (northwestern Slovenia)

Hacquetia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Igor Dakskobler ◽  
Andrej Martinčič
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Julian Alps

Abstract In already known localities in the Julian Alps (Mangart, Malo Polje, Zeleno Jezero, Blehe under Šoštar) and in several new ones (Loška Koritnica, Bavh, Spodnji Lepoč, Mlinarica, Konjska planina, Mali Babanski Skedenj) we inventoried the stands along the subalpine-alpine springs and spring areas where Carex frigida frequently occurs as the predominant vascular plant. We classified them into the following associations: Saxifrago aizoidis-Caricetum ferrugineae, Caricetum davallianae s. lat., Ranunculo traunfellneri-Paederotetum luteae, Carici frigidae-Petasitetum albi (alliance Adenostylion alliariae) and Palustriello decipientis-Caricetum frigidae (alliance Cratoneurion). The latter two were described as new. Based on comparisons with similar communities along mountain springs we discussed the most appropriate classification of the latter into higher syntaxonomic units.

scholarly journals An updated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panamá

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Bogarín ◽  
Zuleika Serracín ◽  
Zabdy Samudio ◽  
Rafael Rincón ◽  
Franco Pupulin
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Floristic Treatment ◽  
Realistic Data

The Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse vascular plant families in the Neotropics and the most diverse in Panama. The number of species is triple that of other well-represented families of angiosperms such as Rubiaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Despite its importance in terms of diversity, the latest checklist was published ten years ago and the latest in-depth taxonomic treatments were published in 1949 and 1993. The accumulation of information over the years and the need to update the nomenclature and to clarify taxonomic concepts made necessary the publication of an up-dated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama. This checklist was completed by studying specimens strictly collected in Panama and vouchered in herbaria. Species are presented alphabetically with their synonyms and herbarium vouchers. The data were analyzed to explain the patterns of geographic distribution, most diverse taxa, endemism, exotic species and relationships with other nearby floras. The checklist contains 1365 species (including two natural hybrids and three subspecies) in four subfamilies, 16 tribes, 27 subtribes and 187 genera. Four exotic species were recorded. A total of 296 (21.7%) species are endemic. Epidendroideae is the most diverse group housing more than 90% of species. The most diverse subtribes are Pleurothallidinae (30 genera, 405 spp.), Laeliinae (16 genera, 292 spp.), Oncidiinae (29 genera, 157 spp.) and Maxillariinae (18 genera, 132 spp.). The most diverse genera are: Epidendrum (206 spp.), Stelis (88 spp.), Lepanthes (66 spp.) and Pleurothallis (54 spp.). Nomenclatural changes are proposed in Maxillariella, Pleurothallis, Specklinia, Stelis and Trichocentrum. Many areas remain unexplored for orchids, and we estimate that much work remains to complete a floristic treatment that reveals more realistic data on the orchid flora that Panama harbors. This checklist is an important initial step toward the development of an illustrated treatment of the Orchidaceae of Panama. 

scholarly journals From Thorne to APG IV: Reorganization of the Digital and Physical Collections of the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Herbarium

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e25768
Author(s):  
Mare Nazaire
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Plant Geography ◽  
Angiosperm Phylogeny ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Pomona College ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Complete Overhaul

Since the mid 1960’s, the combined herbaria of Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden [RSA] and Pomona College [POM] have followed the classification system of Taxonomist and Curator, Dr. Robert F. Thorne (1920-2015). Thorne, whose research interests were largely centered on floristics and plant geography, is best known for his synoptic work to develop a classification system to accommodate all flowering plants. Nevertheless, Thorne was a strong proponent of an alphabetical arrangement of herbaria, and organized the RSA-POM collection accordingly. The last time the RSA-POM Herbarium experienced a major shift in the arrangement of its collection was nearly 20 years ago. Since that time, many outdated families that are no longer recognized – of which Thorne had recognized in his system of classification – have remained in the collection. Over the last two years, the RSA-POM Herbarium has been actively reorganizing both its digital and physical collections to follow the vascular plant families of the newest classification system, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV). Reorganization began with a complete overhaul of the herbarium’s database followed by curation of the physical collection. This presentation highlights the efforts in curating the digital and physical collections of the RSA-POM Herbarium, perspectives on collection reorganization, as well as challenges and limitations.

Trichomes in the tribe Lactuceae (Asteraceae) — taxonomic implications

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Krak ◽  
Patrik Mráz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
Generic Relationships ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractAlthough the infratribal classification of the Lactuceae has been the focus of several studies, relationships between the genera are not yet fully resolved. While trichome characters have been shown to be an important tool in taxa delimitation in many plant families, a detailed study on trichomes within the Lactuceae was still lacking. We assess here how trichome types can contribute to the clarification of generic relationships in this tribe. Trichome diversity was investigated on stems and leaves of 135 representatives of 53 genera by light and scanning electron microscopy. According to their morphology and anatomy, trichomes were classified into eight types and several subtypes. Phenetic analysis based on the presence or absence of particular trichome types was performed. The previously supposed monophyly of exclusively American genera and affinities between several closely related genera were confirmed. A new circumscription of the subtribe Hieraciinae is proposed, in accordance with recent molecular data. According to the present study, this subtribe is characterized by a unique combination of two trichome types and comprises the following genera: Andryala, Hieracium, Hispidella, Pilosella, Stenotheca. The previously included genera Arnoseris, Hololeion and Tolpis do not belong to this assemblage and their removal from the Hieraciinae should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals A global database of plant services for humankind

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253069
Author(s):  
Rafael Molina-Venegas ◽  
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez ◽  
Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana ◽  
David J. Mabberley
Keyword(s):  
Binary Classification ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Binary Matrix ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Humanity faces the challenge of conserving the attributes of biodiversity that may be essential to secure human wellbeing. Among all the organisms that are beneficial to humans, plants stand out as the most important providers of natural resources. Therefore, identifying plant uses is critical to preserve the beneficial potential of biodiversity and to promote basic and applied research on the relationship between plants and humans. However, much of this information is often uncritical, contradictory, of dubious value or simply not readily accessible to the great majority of scientists and policy makers. Here, we compiled a genus-level dataset of plant-use records for all accepted vascular plant taxa (13489 genera) using the information gathered in the 4th Edition of Mabberley’s plant-book, the most comprehensive global review of plant classification and their uses published to date. From 1974 to 2017 all the information was systematically gathered, evaluated, and synthesized by David Mabberley, who reviewed over 1000 botanical sources including modern Floras, monographs, periodicals, handbooks, and authoritative websites. Plant uses were arranged across 28 standard categories of use following the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard guidelines, which resulted in a binary classification of 9478 plant-use records pertaining human and animal nutrition, materials, fuels, medicine, poisons, social and environmental uses. Of all the taxa included in the dataset, 33% were assigned to at least one category of use, the most common being “ornamental” (26%), “medicine” (16%), “human food” (13%) and “timber” (8%). In addition to a readily available binary matrix for quantitative analyses, we provide a control text matrix that links the former to the description of the uses in Mabberley’s plant-book. We hope this dataset will serve to establish synergies between scientists and policy makers interested in plant-human interactions and to move towards the complete compilation and classification of the nature’s contributions to people upon which the wellbeing of future generations may depend.

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