The evolution of the ‘wheat trap’: the Nigerian wheat boom

Africa ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kimmage
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
The State ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Self Sufficiency

AbstractIn the 1970s large-scale irrigation in Nigeria failed to produce the import-substituting wheat which was to a large extent its raison d'être. Nigerian determination to achieve wheat self-sufficiency has continued through the medium of the recently expanded ADP schemes. After outlining the conjunction of events which led to the formation of the original ‘wheat trap’ envisaged by Andrae and Beckman (1985), this article goes on to demonstrate how the ADP scheme established in Kano State has led to significant changes in agricultural practices and patterns of production within the state. It is argued that, in the longer term, the socio-economic, agronomic, ecological and pedological consequences of the federal government's present wheat import substitution policies could be disastrous for food production in northern Nigeria.

Food Security in Hawai‘i

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kent
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
State Government ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Local Food ◽  
The State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Low Income Consumers

This chapter challenges the uncritical pursuit of food self-sufficiency that has been rationalized as increasing the state’s preparedness against shipping disruption. It argues that this effort might increase food’s cost, and reiterates the point that local food is not necessarily fair as low-income consumers could be sidelined in the push for food localization. In contrast to the enthusiasm for promoting agriculture and local food production in the state, relatively little has been done in addressing food insecurity of the poor, especially by the state government. Food democracy needs to consider food security for all—particularly the poor and the marginalized.

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC STATE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXPORT-ORIENTED STRATEGY OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
M. A. Kholodova ◽  
◽  
T. A. Miroshnichenko ◽  
N. A. Svyatogorov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Short Term ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Economic State

The stable financial and economic state of agriculture largely determines the success of the implementation of the export-oriented strategy for the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia chosen by the state. The authors analyzed and studied the main factors affecting the financial and economic condition of key agriculture sectors of the Russian Federation. The study identified the problems hindering the significant ramp-up of the crop and animal products output, the main of which are: the insufficient technical potential of agriculture, low level of investment activity, the imperfect mechanism for allocating preferential investment and short-term loans to agricultural producers, the disparity in prices for agricultural products and manufactured goods, the insufficient state support for the industry, the shortage of personnel potential in agriculture, etc. Despite the existing problems, the authors highlight the tendency of the growth in crop and animal products output and strengthening of the financial state of agricultural enterprises resulting from the implementation of the state policy of import substitution and the introduction of food embargo on basic foods. At the same time, the volatility of prices for crop and animal products negatively affects the financial results of agricultural producers, leads to the deficiency of own funds for technical reequipment of production, the introduction of technological innovations, the faster increase in production volumes and serves as an obstacle when implementing the targeted guidelines of the state concept of export-oriented development of the industry. The study noted the growth of debt under credits and loans and overdue accounts payable per one agriculture organization resulted from the pre-bankruptcy of several large-scale agricultural holdings. To strengthen the financial and economic state of agriculture, the authors recommended improving the mechanisms of state stimulation to attract financial resources of private investors, increasing the volume of state support for agricultural producers, providing preferential investment and short-term loans to agriculture, and expanding state support programs for small and medium-sized forms of agriculture in the countryside.

scholarly journals The objective need and trend of ensuring the food security in Russia in conditions of import substitution

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00079
Author(s):  
Rafail Mukhametzyanov ◽  
Maria Romanyuk ◽  
Tatiana Ostapchuk ◽  
Natalya Ivantsova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
State Level ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article describes in detail two key elements of Russian food security: self-sufficiency and the potential of the domestic food market. It is these two factors that are regulated at the state level through the standards included in their composition. The article shows how the state policy of the Russian Federation for the regulation of food markets changed from the reform period to the present. Our studies have shown that the strengthening of measures for import substitution after 2014 has not yet allowed us to achieve complete self-sufficiency in all types of food. This is partly due to objective restrictions (for vegetables and fruits) and insufficient efforts to develop the industry (dairy and meat cattle breeding). In addition, by those types of food, according to which the thresholds of self-sufficiency are made, the dependence on imports is shifted to the area of industries that provide means of production (seeds, technique, etc.). A detailed analysis of food imports showed that after 2014 its volume decreased (as a result of a reduction in the effective demand and growth in agricultural production), while its commodity structure has practically changed. Analysis of the capacity and structure of the food market of the Russian Federation showed that the Russian population in long-term dynamics due to low income is not balanced. In addition, the reduction of disposable income over the past 6 years leads to a change in the structure of consumption towards an increase in the share of cheap poor-quality products. Thus, the issue of ensuring food security remains relevant and paramountable at the state level.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE STAVROPOL REGION’S PROCESSING INDUSTRY

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
V. I. Trukhachev ◽  
V. V. Molochnikov ◽  
O. V. Sycheva
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
High Degree

The article analyzes the development of processing industries of Stavropol territory, which includes 38 types of economic activity. Stavropol Krai is traditionally considered agricultural. Agriculture the Stavropol territory in 2015 has put the region on the 6th place as per volume of output. In the structure of industries, the share of food production accounts for more than 35%. Contribution of Stavropol in the total value of agricultural output in Russia is 3.5%. For many food items the region has achieved a high degree of self-sufficiency. The actual food production in the Stavropol region exceeds the recommended volume of consumption: 2.8 times, production of meat and by-products, 1.4% of all vegetable oil is unrefined and in 2.5 times – bread and bakery products, cereals, flour and pasta. In the Stavropol region, the state program "Development of the food processing industry and consumer market." Capital investments of the organizations engaged in the production of food products and beverages in the Stavropol region, including in the framework of the programme for 2012 – 2016 has made more than 14 milliard rubles. In the framework of solving tasks on import substitution, through the introduction of new formulations and technologies greatly expanded the range of food products and beverages, including cheeses, meats, products of therapeutic and preventive purpose. Problem areas of the food industry of the region are: the wear and tear of production assets in the whole industry – more than 40% and insufficient capacity utilization in some industries. To resolve them it is necessary to continue modernization and technical re-equipment of production in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations, modern management of production and logistics.

scholarly journals Potential Bioenergy Production from Miscanthus × giganteus in Brandenburg: Producing Bioenergy and Fostering Other Ecosystem Services while Ensuring Food Self-Sufficiency in the Berlin-Brandenburg Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7731
Author(s):  
Ehsan Tavakoli-Hashjini ◽  
Annette Piorr ◽  
Klaus Müller ◽  
José Luis Vicente-Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Food Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Miscanthus × giganteus (hereafter Miscanthus) is a perennial crop characterized by its high biomass production, low nutrient requirements, its ability for soil restoration, and its cultivation potential on marginal land. The development of the bioenergy sector in the state of Brandenburg (Germany), with maize as the dominant crop, has recently drawn attention to its negative environmental impacts, competition with food production, and uncertainties regarding its further development toward the state’s bioenergy targets. This study aimed to estimate the potential bioenergy production in Brandenburg by cultivating Miscanthus only on marginal land, thereby avoiding competition with food production in the Berlin-Brandenburg city-region (i.e., foodshed), after using the Metropolitan Foodshed and Self-sufficiency Scenario (MFSS) model. We estimated that by 2030, the Berlin-Brandenburg foodshed would require around 1.13 million hectares to achieve 100% food self-sufficiency under the business as usual (BAU) scenario, and hence there would be around 390,000 ha land left for bioenergy production. Our results suggest that the region would require about 569,000 ha of land of maize to generate 58 PJ—the bioenergy target of the state of Brandenburg for 2030—which is almost 179,000 ha more than the available area for bioenergy production. However, under Miscanthus plantation, the required area would be reduced by 2.5 times to 232,000 ha. Therefore, Miscanthus could enable Brandenburg to meet its bioenergy target by 2030, while at the same time avoiding the trade-offs with food production, and also providing a potential for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration of around 255,200 t C yr-1, leading to an improvement in the soil fertility and other ecosystem services (e.g., biodiversity), compared with bioenergy generated from maize.

scholarly journals State regulation of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian federation on the basis of foodstuff self-sufficiency need

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 13040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Shabalina ◽  
Lyudmila Kopteva ◽  
Angela Mottaeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the article the need for state regulation of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is founded upon the basis of food self-sufficiency call under conditions of sanctions. It is determined that when forming the mechanism of import substitution, an integrated approach is necessary, taking into account the peculiarities of the state development and the use of all types of potential. The existing trends in the functioning of the Russian Federation agricultural sector are noted. The main problem of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is revealed to be the lack of state support and funding, as well as the drawbacks of state regulation. It was revealed that, despite the identified positive tendencies in the development of the agro-industrial complex, with the purpose of stabilization it is necessary to upgrade the technical and technological spheres on the basis of an innovative approach to scientific and technological developments in all sectors of the agroindustrial complex. It was also pointed out to the fact in the sphere of food supply, an effective import substitution policy is possible provided that conditions for the development of Russian production of competitive food products are created. It is advisable to form import substitution on the basis of a closed production cycle within the state, in which producers are involved in supply and delivery chains directly to trading enterprises, and that requires improvements of the interaction system of all market actors. At the same time, producers are supposed to be able to significantly increase income, and consumers are supposed to have favorable food prices. A model of import substitution state regulation mechanism in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation on the basis of selfsufficiency need in food is proposed, which is a set of stages for the implementation of a certain sequence of actions where each of the twelve stages is specified. In the process of implementation of the proposed model significant advantages can be achieved in the economic, technical and organizational spheres of the agriculturalsector.

Russia will promote grain sales while limiting imports

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alternative Food Sources ◽  
Better Than

Subject Russian food production and export prospects. Significance Russia has pursued import substitution since autumn 2014 as a means towards achieving self-sufficiency in food, and policies are significantly more protectionist. Impacts The agricultural sector will perform better than the economy as a whole. State assistance will underpin expansions in production. While curbing imports, the government will actively encourage exports. Attempts to use alternative food sources such as Iran and Central Asia will require new logistical and border arrangements.

Is economic inequality a universal evil?

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
A Current

Using published estimates of inequality for two countries (Russia and USA) the paper demonstrates that inequality measuring still remains in the state of “statistical cacophony”. Under this condition, it seems at least untimely to pass categorical normative judgments and offer radical political advice for governments. Moreover, the mere practice to draw normative conclusions from quantitative data is ethically invalid since ordinary people (non-intellectuals) tend to evaluate wealth and incomes as admissible or inadmissible not on the basis of their size but basing on whether they were obtained under observance or violations of the rules of “fair play”. The paper concludes that a current large-scale ideological campaign of “struggle against inequality” has been unleashed by left-wing intellectuals in order to strengthen even more their discursive power over the public.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

Etude de l'aménagement d'une forêt classée au Mali avec la participation des populations riveraines - Données du problème et éléments de méthodologie | A Study of the Management of a State-Owned Forest in Mali with the Participation of the Population Living nearby - Issue under Investigation and Elements of Methodology

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Pascal Schneider ◽  
Jean-Pierre Sorg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The People

In and around the state-owned forest of Farako in the region of Sikasso, Mali, a large-scale study focused on finding a compromise allowing the existential and legitimate needs of the population to be met and at the same time conserving the forest resources in the long term. The first step in research was to sketch out the rural socio-economic context and determine the needs for natural resources for autoconsumption and commercial use as well as the demand for non-material forest services. Simultaneously, the environmental context of the forest and the resources available were evaluated by means of inventories with regard to quality and quantity. According to an in-depth comparison between demand and potential, there is a differentiated view of the suitability of the forest to meet the needs of the people living nearby. Propositions for a multipurpose management of the forest were drawn up. This contribution deals with some basic elements of research methodology as well as with results of the study.

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