The Sacred Meadows: a Structural Analysis of Religious Symbolism in an East African Town. By Abdul Hamid El-Zein. Chicago: North-western University Press1974. Pp. xxiii, 365, figs., maps, bibl., index.

Africa ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Author(s):  
Pat Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
East African ◽  
Religious Symbolism ◽  
North Western

The Sacred Meadows: A Structural Analysis of Religious Symbolism in an East African Town

African Arts ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Edward Soja ◽  
Abdul Hamid M. el Zein
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
East African ◽  
Religious Symbolism

Validation of Plagiochila fracta nomen nudum (Jungermanniopsida). East African bryophytes XXXI.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamas Pocs
Keyword(s):  
Full Description ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
East African ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

The nomen nudum Plagiochila fracta Pócs was used for a species collected by Patricia Geissler during March of 1999 in Madagascar. The name was used in three publications, but was never properly and validly described. The aim of this paper is to provide a full description to this peculiar species, which seems to be endemic to the north-western region of Madagascar.

scholarly journals Identification of the East African Strain of Sweet Potato Chlorotic Stunt Virus as a Major Component of Sweet Potato Virus Disease in Southern Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1063-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Gibson ◽  
G. C. Kaitisha ◽  
J. M. Randrianaivoarivony ◽  
H. J. Vetten
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
East African ◽  
Western Province ◽  
African Strain ◽  
Potato Virus Disease ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus Disease ◽  
North Western

Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) is the most damaging disease of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. in Africa. It is caused by sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV) plus either the West African strain of sweet potato chlorotic stunt crinivirus (Closteroviridae) (SPCSV-WA) (2) or the serologically distinct and apparently more severe East African strain (SPCSV-EA) (1). Typical symptoms of SPVD include severe plant stunting, leaf distortion, chlorosis, mosaic, or vein clearing (1). During a survey done in February 1998 of 48 farmers' fields in Lusaka Province and North Western Province of Zambia, sweet potato plants with typical SPVD symptoms were observed. Incidence was generally 1 to 5% but occasionally >20%. To determine which viruses (SPFMV, SPCSV-EA, SPCSV-WA) were present in symptomatic plants, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were done on leaf sap extracts. Twenty-two SPVD-affected plants from Lusaka Province and 15 from North Western Province were tested and SPFMV and SPCSV-EA (but not SPCSV-WA) were detected in all samples. SPCSV-EA by itself may cause purpling or yellowing of lower or middle leaves (1). Eight plants showing these symptoms were collected from North Western Province, and SPCSV-EA only was detected in six of the samples. SPVD was also observed in a 1997 survey of crops near Antsirable, Madagascar; incidence was generally <1% but occasionally >20%; SPFMV and SPCSV-EA, but not SPCSV-WA, were detected in two SPVD samples tested. Our results are the first report of SPCSV in southern Africa. SPVD in the regions surveyed appears to be due to SPFMV and SPCSV-EA; SPCSV-WA was not detected. References: (1) R. W. Gibson et al. Plant Pathol. 47:95, 1998. (2) G. A. Schaefers and E. R. Terry. Phytopathology 66:642, 1976.

The Economic Dynamics of Spanish Colonialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

Itinerario ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G. Clarence-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Spanish Colonialism ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Western

The survival of the Spanish empire after the loss of the mainland American colonies is a neglected subject, and no part of it is more neglected than its economic features. General histories of Spain in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries rarely touch on overseas matters, although the colonies do occasionally appear centre stage, as in 1868, when the Cuban Creoles rose in rebellion; in 1898, when Spain lost most of her colonies as a result of war with America; in 1921, when the Berber tribes of Northern Morocco defeated the Spanish army; and in 1936, when General Franco and his coconspirators raised the standard of rebellion against the Republic in North Western Africa. But these references are episodic and essentially political, indeed military in nature. There is little structural analysis of what the colonies meant to Spain, least of all in the economic field.

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