Historical Inferences from the Linguistic Geography of the Nigerian Middle Belt

Africa ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Eastern Half

Opening ParagraphThis paper examines the distribution of languages in the Nigerian Middle Belt, draws certain historical inferences from the patterns of distribution, and assesses non-linguistic evidence tending to confirm or refute these inferences. The Middle Belt is taken as an area roughly inscribed by the Hausa-speaking area to the north, and the Yoruba, Edo, and Ibo-speaking areas to the south. Geographically it is an area which has a certain climatic coherence, falling between the sahel to the north and the forest to the south (Pullan, 1962; Buchanan, 1953). It is also an area of much more strikingly broken terrain than those to the north or south, with not only the complex relief of the Jos Plateau, but also many ranges of hills, particularly along its northern frontier and in its eastern half. This terrain appears to have militated against the establishment of large coherent political systems in the past and it is only in the plains of the Niger and Benue valleys that there is a record of extensive state systems in recent history, those of the Nupe and Jukun. On the other hand, archaeological evidence indicates that the Nok culture extended over a very large area of the Middle Belt, not by any means confined to the plains (Fagg, 1959, 1969), and there is evidence of a certain measure of cultural unity today (Murdock, 1959).

The Problem of Failure in American History

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-264
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil War ◽  
American History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
To Come ◽  
North And South

C. Vann Woodward’s lecture compares two commemorations of the Civil War fifty years apart, one in 1911 and the other in 1961. The first one reflected sectional reunification predicated on a shared understanding of the tragic nature of war but also a sense that the conflict had solved the problem of sectional animosity. In so doing Woodward notes that whites in the North and South could only accomplish this by excluding meaningful African-American participation. The lecture then outlines the cycles of Reconstruction historiography, and looks at the dual psychological traumas the North and South experienced in the aftermath of Reconstruction. Woodward maintains that after the North emerged victorious from the war it failed to live up to its ideals, leaving wracked guilt, self-criticism, and remorse. The South emerged with a predilection for extortion, indignation, and extreme bellicosity, consistently blaming its own weaknesses on Reconstruction. Woodward suggests that historians should act as therapists, enabling the nation to come to terms with the psychological traumas triggered by the past.

Attitudes to reform: political parties in Ulster and the Irish land bill of 1881

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (95) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Francis Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
History Of

The Irish land act of 1881, it is generally agreed, was a victory for the Land League and Parnell, and nationalist policy with regard to the act and the attitude of southern tenants towards it have been many times subjected to detailed examination by historians of this period. In these analyses of the events of 1880–81, however, little reference is normally made to the part played by the different parties and interests in the north of the country. It is often assumed, for example, that the Ulster tenants held aloof from the campaign for reform, lending no more than occasional vocal support to the agitational efforts of tenants in the south and west. Indeed, they were later excoriated by William O'Brien, Michael Davitt and others not only for giving no support to the land movement but also for sabotaging Parnell's policy of testing the 1881 act by precipitately rushing into the land courts to take advantage of the new legislation: ‘that hard-fisted body of men, having done nothing themselves to win the act, thought of nothing but turning it to their own immediate use, and repudiating any solidarity with the southern and western rebels to whom they really owed it’. If, however, northern tenants were harshly judged by nationalist politicians in the years after 1881, the part played by the northern political parties in the history of the land bill has been either ignored or misunderstood by historians since that time. The Ulster liberals, for example, are rarely mentioned, the implication being that they made no contribution to the act even though it implemented almost exactly the programme on which they had been campaigning for much of the previous decade. The northern conservatives, on the other hand, are commonly seen as leading opponents of the bill, more intransigent than their party colleagues in the south, ‘quick to denounce any weakening of the opposition’ to reform, and ‘determined to keep the tory party up to the mark in defending the landlord interest’

scholarly journals ‘Et pour les Belges la même chose’?

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Marc Boone ◽  
Tom Verschaffel
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
University History ◽  
Past Half

Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden was en is een Nederlands-Belgisch project. Belgische, in de realiteit enkel Vlaamse, historici hebben een rol gespeeld in de redactie en als auteurs van bijdragen. Het aandeel van het Zuiden is altijd kleiner geweest dan dat van het Noorden. Het tijdschrift poogde via een (meestal) paritaire samenstelling van de redactie en initiatieven, zoals comparatief opgezette themadossiers, de balans te herstellen. Aangezien het tijdschrift, zeker wat het Zuiden betreft, nauw verbonden was met de universitaire historische vakgroepen, in het bijzonder die van Gent en Leuven, weerspiegelen de evoluties van dit Belgische aandeel algemene verschuivingen in het academisch bedrijf. Uitbreiding van de onderzoeksfinanciering zorgde voor een aangroei en voor een verjonging en vervrouwelijking van het auteursbestand en van de redactie. Ook andere ontwikkelingen in het historisch bedrijf van de voorbije halve eeuw, zoals het verschijnen van nieuwe tijdschriften en de internationalisering van het onderzoek, hadden een impact op de plaats van het tijdschrift en bijgevolg ook op Vlaamse bijdragen en hun auteurs.Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden was and is a Dutch-Belgian project. Belgian, though in fact only Flemish, historians have edited and authored contributions. The share from the South has always been smaller than that from the North. Via a generally balanced composition of the editorial board and initiatives, such as comparatively structured special issues and forums, the journal aimed to restore the balance. Since the journal, especially in the South, was closely affiliated with university history departments, those of the universities of Ghent and Leuven in particular, the evolutions of this Belgian share therefore reflect general shifts in academia. Expansion of research financing brought about accretion, rejuvenation and feminisation of the stock of authors and editors alike. Other developments in historical scholarship from the past half century, such as the appearance of new journals and internationalisation of research, had an impact on the positioning of the journal and consequently on Flemish contributions and their authors as well.

scholarly journals Observations upon the marine barometer, made during the examina­tion of the coasts of New Holland and New Wales, in the Years 1801, 1802, and 1803. By Matthew Flinders, Esq. Com­mander of His Majesty’s Ship Investigator . In a letter to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K. B. P. R. S. &c. &c. &c

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 230-232
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
The Right

The chief circumstance that induced Capt. Flinders to think his observations Upon the marine barometer were worthy of attention, was the coincidence that took place between the rising and falling of the mercury, and the setting in of winds that blew from the sea and from off the land, to which there seemed to be at least as much reference as to the strength of the wind or the state of the atmosphere. Our author’s examination of the coasts of New Holland and the other parts of the Terra Australis, began at Cape Leuwen, and con­tinued eastward along the south coast. His observations, which, on account of their length, we must pass over, show, that a change of wind from the northern half of the compass to any point in the southern half, caused the mercury to rise; and that a contrary change caused it to fall. Also, that the mercury stood considerably higher When the wind came from the south side of east and west, than when, in similar weather, it came from the north side.

I Kings

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biblical Scholar ◽  
1 Kings

Beginning with the death of David and the rise of Solomon, 1 Kings charts the history of Israel through the divided monarchy, when Ahab reigned in the north and Jehoshaphat reigned in the south. This new translation, with introduction and commentary by biblical scholar Mordechai Cogan, is part of the Anchor Bible Commentary series, viewed by many as the definitive commentaries for use in both Christian and Jewish scholarship and worship. Cogan's translation brings new immediacy to well-known passages, such as Solomon's famously wise judgment when asked by two prostitutes to decide their dispute regarding motherhood of a child: "Cut the live son in two! And give half to one and half to the other." With a bibliography that runs to almost a thousand articles and books, Cogan's commentary demonstrates his mastery of the political history described by 1 Kings, as well as the themes of moral and religious failure that eventually led to Israel's defeat and exile.

Bad Roads Are Good for Baikal

Sacred Sea ◽  
2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thomson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
The South ◽  
Wood Stove ◽  
Gravel Beds ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
North Bank ◽  
The Town

The Barguzin River flows out of the Barguzin Mountains, through the town of Barguzin and then the coastal community of Ust-Barguzin before it finally loses itself in a broad cove of Baikal known as Barguzin Bay. The only way across the river for miles upstream from the lake is a ramshackle little wooden ferry with a tiny, corrugated steel shed with a wood stove in it and room on its deck for about half a dozen cars. The ferry slips noiselessly away from the end of the road on the south bank, and looking west toward the lake, two ghostly, rusting timber loading cranes loom on the horizon while the river spills over into a grassy marsh on its north bank. Turning back to the east, there’s a small motorboat laboring to get upstream—laboring because it’s attached to a tow rope, which is attached to the ferry. The ferry, it turns out, is just a hapless little barge, at the mercy of the river without the guidance of the motorboat pilot on the other end of the towline. Our crossing takes less than five minutes, and connected to it by nothing but that single strand, the pilot directs the barge into place perfectly on the far side. But the deckhand fails to secure it, the ferry swings wide in the current, spins ninety degrees, and slams butt-end into the dock. The pilot scowls as he turns the motorboat around and uses its blunt bow, covered in a tractor tire, to push the barge back into place, where the deckhand finally lashes it to the dock. The Barguzin is Baikal’s third largest tributary, after the Selenga to the south of here and the Upper Angara to the north. It carries about six percent of the water flowing into the lake, along with migratory fish like omul and sturgeon, born in the shallow gravel beds upriver before wandering downstream to spend most of their lives in the lake. And even though it flows through only two towns between its headwaters and the lake, the Barguzin carries a significant pollution load into Baikal, as well, especially organic chemicals from timber operations.

Predicting the Chemistry Inside a Cell

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
The North ◽  
Closed Circle ◽  
Stone Wall ◽  
Small Stone ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Hadrian's Wall

The process of scientific discovery is something like a walk near Freswick Castle. I assume you’ve never been there. (Neither have I, but a friend has.) Freswick Castle stands at the end of Scotland’s northeast end, at the mouth of the Burn of Freswick in the district of Caithness. As of this writing, it is unlisted in Google Maps, and I had to manually scan the coast to find it. Outside the castle is a simple, unlabeled structure that doubles as a biochemical parable. The castle itself is narrow and three stories tall, with orange shingles and gray stone, set on an arc of narrow beach between hills to the north and cliffs to the south. The building is approximately the cruciform shape of a shrunken cathedral, with the rightward wing moved to the top of the structure so it resembles a lowercase f. If you wander the grounds near Freswick Castle, you will discover a stone wall in the wind-blown waves of yellow- green grass, worn but still standing firm like Hadrian’s Wall. From above, it is a period preceding the castle’s f. Let’s approach this as a scientist, with measurement. From the castle side, this structure resembles the circular stump of a roofless tower, eight feet tall and twice that wide. The stones are ancient sand, compacted and weathered, stained different shades of red from iron deposited millions of years ago, but the mortar is new. But inspection is not enough—we should go in. Walk around to the other side, and an opening appears, as shown in Figure 2.1. The structure is not a closed circle, but it is a spiral wall open to the sea, and to you. Inside, a small stone bench invites you to sit. A window slit next to the bench is an eye to the outside. Surrounded by a jigsaw of rocks, you can hear the echo of waves all around and watch the blue-gray sky above. If the spiral’s opening is a mouth, then you are Jonah in the whale. You are both inside and outside at once.

Anuak Village Headmen

Africa ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Lienhardt
Keyword(s):  
Political Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Single Set ◽  
The Way

Opening ParagraphThe Anuak are a Nilotic people of the south-east of the Sudan and adjacent Ethiopia. They may number between 30,000 and 40,000 people, of whom at least two thirds live in Ethiopia, where a number of difficulties prevented me from visiting them. As described in Professor Evans-Pritchard's writings, two somewhat different political systems and forms of rule and leadership are found in the villages of Anuakland. In the south-east, several ecological and other circumstances have favoured the spread of the influence of a noble clan, members of which reign in villages which, according to tradition, were at one time politically isolated from each other and autonomous under local headmen. These villages of the noble clan are drawn, through the nobles associated with them, into competition for the acquisition of a single set of royal emblems, of which the most important are several ancient bead-necklaces. It seems that the influence of this noble clan has spread and is even now spreading farther among the villages of Anuakland, though in the land as a whole most villages are still under the sway of headmen chosen from lineages which traditionally provided them. It is with the organization of these villages, and the way in which their members change their headmen, that this paper deals.

scholarly journals The Literary Evidence for the Topography of Thebes

1911 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 29-53
Author(s):  
A. W. Gomme
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Long Range ◽  
The South ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
East And West ◽  
East End ◽  
The Town

Fabricius' view, based on archaeological evidence, that the lower town of Thebes extended over the high hills East and West of the Kadmeia (Pl. XIX. A) has in general been accepted by subsequent scholars: it has only been modified by the theory of Kalopais and Soteriádes, which makes the town extend yet further eastwards.How weak this archaeological evidence is, was shown by the criticisms of Wilamowitz and Frazer; and the literary evidence suggests quite a different view. It is to this that I wish to draw attention. Any theory based on such evidence is of course liable to be upset at any moment by fresh archaeological discoveries. But in the present uncertainty it may be useful to see to what theory this evidence seems to lead us.Thebes is situate towards the East end of the long range of low, cultivated hills, running eastwards from Helikon as far as Mount Sorós, and dividing the Aonian plain on the North from that of Leuktra and Plataia on the South. Here is a small group of hills, none of them rising much above the general height of the range, divided by the three streams flowing from. South to North, the Plakiótissa (identified with Dirke), a small and nameless brook, and the H. Joánnes (the ancient Ismenos)

On the northern rockling Ciliata septentrionalis (Collett) in the Plymouth area

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Dando
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

The known range of the northern rockling, Ciliata septentrionalis, extends from Iceland and northern Norway in the north to Plymouth in the south (Wheeler, 1965). This species has probably been confused with the five-bearded rockling, C. mustela (L.), in the past (Wheeler, 1969) and this together with the small size of the fish, enabling it to escape through the mesh of most trawls, may explain the paucity of records and knowledge of the species. Brook, (1885, 1888) described the egg and larval development of C. mustela but the egg and larva of C. septentrionalis have not been described. It is probable that the abundance of both these species can only be estimated by a combination of fecundity studies and egg and larval counts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document