The changing context of land use decisions: three family farms in the Yam Cultivation Zone of eastern Nigeria, 1964-1977

Africa ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Uzozie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Basic Set

Opening ParagraphThe area occupied by the Igbo-speaking people of eastern Nigeria ranks high among West Africa's yam producing zones. Whereas the yam is the Igbo food crop par excellence there is nevertheless considerable local variation in local farming practice and land-use systems. This paper describes three farm units in different parts of Igbo country, indicating the role of yam in the cropping system. The material is derived from surveys undertaken in 1977, but in two of the three cases it has been possible to compare the information with similar surveys undertaken by the author in 1964, prior to the Nigerian civil war. Three case-study farms cannot constitute a sample in any statistical sense and no generalization is possible. The material is presented because the profound changes experienced in the last fifteen years ensure that any time series data, however patchy, are of great intrinsic interest, and because it serves to indicate the extent to which land use systems at the micro-level may differ, even though the basic set of crops may be broadly similar. The three farms studied are representative of their ecological zone: the first reflecting conditions in the zone of highest population density and greatest land shortage; the second, in the more open land on the Nsukka plateau, conditions in an area where land shortage is not yet so great as to have obliterated the distinction between intensively farmed compound land and more extensively ‘bush-fallowed’ land; and the third, conditions of relative land-plenty in southern Igboland, where farming systems show marked continuity with conditions before the civil war. The paper stresses the role of yam in the fanning systems concerned, and the subtle interplay of social, economic and ecological factors involved in its continued cultivation.

scholarly journals Non-bank financial institutions and economic growth: Evidence from Africa’s three largest economies

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Rateiwa ◽  
Meshach J. Aziakpono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship

Background: In order for the post-2015 world development agenda – termed the sustainable development goals (SDGs) – to succeed, there is a pronounced need to ensure that available resources are used more effectively and additional financing is accessed from the private sector. Given that traditional bank lending has slowed down, the development of non-bank financing has become imperative. To this end, this article intends to empirically test the role of non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) in stimulating economic growth.Aim: The aim of this article is to empirically test the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and the development of NBFIs, and the causality thereof.Setting: The empirical assessment uses time-series data from Africa’s three largest economies, namely, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa, over the period 1971–2013.Methods: This article uses the Johansen cointegration and vector error correction model within a country-specific setting.Results: The results showed that the long-run relationship between NBFI development and economic growth is relatively stronger in Egypt and South Africa, than in Nigeria. Evidence in respect of Nigeria shows that such a relationship is weak. The nature of the relationship between NBFI development and economic growth in Egypt is positive and significant, and predominantly bidirectional. This suggests that a virtuous relationship between NBFIs and economic growth exists in Egypt. In South Africa, the relationship is positive and significant and predominantly runs from NBFI development to economic growth, implying a supply-leading phenomenon. In Nigeria, the results are weak and mixed.Conclusion: The study concludes that in countries with more developed financial systems, the role of NBFIs and their importance to the economic growth process are more pronounced. Thus, there is need for developing policies targeted at developing the NBFI sector, given their potential to contribute to economic growth.

Phosphorus and land-use changes are significant drivers of cladoceran community composition and diversity: an analysis over spatial and temporal scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Richard Albert ◽  
Guangjie Chen ◽  
Graham K. MacDonald ◽  
Jesse C. Vermaire ◽  
Elena M. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Watershed Disturbance ◽  
Subfossil Cladoceran

We conducted paleolimnological studies over spatial and temporal gradients to define the responses of subfossil cladoceran community composition and diversity to changes in land use and phosphorus concentrations in shallow lakes. We predicted that watershed disturbance by humans, through its impact on water quality, would explain significant variation in cladoceran diversity and composition. Across lakes, water-column total phosphorus concentration was a significant (p < 0.05) predictor of the subfossil cladoceran community composition. Chydorid diversity was also found to be related significantly to phosphorus concentration (r = –0.55, p < 0.05) and the proportion of disturbed land in the watershed (r = –0.47, p < 0.05). However, net load of phosphorus to the watershed rather than proportion of watershed disturbance was a significant predictor of chydorid diversity (r = –0.86, p < 0.001) in our temporal analysis of an eutrophying lake. Given that phosphorus loading to surface waters is often related to phosphorus concentrations in soils, we suggest that the net phosphorus load to the watershed is a more sensitive metric of land-use change and necessary for detecting ecological responses in time series data.

scholarly journals The Role of Technical Innovation and Development of Industrial Sector in Korean International Business

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Khalel Al-Shawaf ◽  
Tahira Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Significance Level

With the pace of development and competitiveness, innovation plays an important role to capture the market share. Various countries have effective strategies to enhance Research and Development (R&D) and exchange value added products in international market. So, based on this the aim of this research is to examine the role of R&D, industrial design and charges for intellectual property in innovative exports in South Korean economy. Time series data for the period 1998 to 2017, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models are used to determine the dynamic interrelationship among the study variables. In summary, the overall results show that there is co-integration rank of in both trace test and value test at 1% significance level. Moreover, OLS and GMM findings depict that there is significant and positive coefficient for ID & RD which represent that they have positive impact on HT. Whereas, the IP displays a negative and significant relationship with high technology exports accordingly. Lastly, the diagnostic tests show that model is stable for the study time period and result is reliable. The current study also suggests some policy implications which can enhance innovative export products of South Korea while enhancing R&D.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Three Decades of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Brazilian Biomes with Landsat Archive and Earth Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Souza ◽  
Julia Z. Shimbo ◽  
Marcos R. Rosa ◽  
Leandro L. Parente ◽  
Ane A. Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Historical Land Use

Brazil has a monitoring system to track annual forest conversion in the Amazon and most recently to monitor the Cerrado biome. However, there is still a gap of annual land use and land cover (LULC) information in all Brazilian biomes in the country. Existing countrywide efforts to map land use and land cover lack regularly updates and high spatial resolution time-series data to better understand historical land use and land cover dynamics, and the subsequent impacts in the country biomes. In this study, we described a novel approach and the results achieved by a multi-disciplinary network called MapBiomas to reconstruct annual land use and land cover information between 1985 and 2017 for Brazil, based on random forest applied to Landsat archive using Google Earth Engine. We mapped five major classes: forest, non-forest natural formation, farming, non-vegetated areas, and water. These classes were broken into two sub-classification levels leading to the most comprehensive and detailed mapping for the country at a 30 m pixel resolution. The average overall accuracy of the land use and land cover time-series, based on a stratified random sample of 75,000 pixel locations, was 89% ranging from 73 to 95% in the biomes. The 33 years of LULC change data series revealed that Brazil lost 71 Mha of natural vegetation, mostly to cattle ranching and agriculture activities. Pasture expanded by 46% from 1985 to 2017, and agriculture by 172%, mostly replacing old pasture fields. We also identified that 86 Mha of the converted native vegetation was undergoing some level of regrowth. Several applications of the MapBiomas dataset are underway, suggesting that reconstructing historical land use and land cover change maps is useful for advancing the science and to guide social, economic and environmental policy decision-making processes in Brazil.

scholarly journals Deposit Money Banks and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Ogege ◽  
Tarila Boloupremo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Credit Allocation ◽  
Least Square Estimator ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Residual Series

This paper examines the effect of deposit money banks intermediation role on economic growth and development in Nigeria. The main objective of the research was to ascertain the extent to which sectorial credit allocation by deposit money banks have influenced growth in the economy. Time series data covering the period 1973-2011 for deposits money banks credits in Nigeria and per capita gross domestic product were analyzed within the framework of Engle-Granger Representation Theorem; the approach estimated a co-integrating regression using the ordinary least square estimator, and then investigated the presence of a co-integration relation by examining the stationarity of the estimated residual series. The findings indicate that credit allocation to the production sector is significantly promoting economic activity. The implication that can be drawn from this study is that to ensure that the banking system performs its role of credit allocation effectively it must channel funds into productive investment and more productive uses; deposit money banks should act as efficient financial intermediaries devoted to allocating resources to the most productive uses.

scholarly journals Growth Governance Nexus: A Case of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 562-572
Author(s):  
Rabia Nazir ◽  
Mumtaz Anwar .
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Political Economic

Good governance has gained tremendous importance in the development agenda of developing economies since 1990s but growth literature gives mixed picture about the role of governance and institutional factors in explaining GDP growth. The present study is an attempt to provide empirical evidence on interlinks between governance and GDP growth. ADF and Johansen co-integration tests are applied for econometric testing of the hypothesis by using time series data from 1984 to 2010. All the variables turned out to be significant with ICRG (proxy used for governance) having positive and significant impact on GDP growth of Pakistan. Results of the study have shown that governance plays major role in determining GDP growth pattern of Pakistan. A complete reform of the political, economic system, judiciary, bureaucracy and a free media are recommended to improve governance and to achieve sustained GDP growth in Pakistan consequently.

scholarly journals The Role of Coffee Plantation in the Kerinci Regency Regional’s Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Suandi Suandi ◽  
Dompak Napitupulu ◽  
Endy Effran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Positive Ratio ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Main Driver

The main indicator in economy development was the role and contribution of each sector and or sub-sector to economic growth. One of the sub-sectors that had a major role and contribution in economy development was coffee plantations. To determine the role of coffee plantations on the community’s economy in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province, therefore the research aims were (1) to determine the role of coffee plantations on income and employment, (2) to determine the contribution of coffee plantations to income and employment, and (3) to determine the ratio of coffee plantation growth to income and employment. The research was conducted in Kerinci Regency in 2015 with 6 months research period. The research data were sourced from secondary data, which was time series data from 2005-2013. Data were analyzed using the Location Qoutient (LQ) approach, and Shift-share. The results showed that coffee plantations in Kerinci Regency were the base sector. The analysis results obtained that coffee plantations played a role as the main driver of the Kerinci Regency’s economy because it had a high income and employment. During the period of nine years 2005-2013, economic growth, income and employment of coffee plantation in Kerinci Regency showed a positive ratio value though it was fluctuated.

scholarly journals Land Cover Change Detection Using Object-Based Classification Technique: A Case Study Along The Kosi River, Bihar

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Modi ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
G. Ravi Shankar ◽  
T.R. Martha
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Shape Context ◽  
Object Property ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Land use/land cover (LULC) is dynamic in nature and can affect the ability of land to sustain human activities. The Indo-Gangetic plains of north Bihar in eastern India are prone to floods, which have a significant impact on land use / land cover, particularly agricultural lands and settlement areas. Satellite remote sensing techniques allow generating reliable and near-realtime information of LULC and have the potential to monitor these changes due to periodic flood. Automated methods such as object-based techniques have better potential to highlight changes through time series data analysis in comparison to pixel-based methods, since the former provides an opportunity to apply shape, context criteria in addition to spectral criteria to accurately characterise the changes. In this study, part of Kosi river flood plains in Supaul district, Bihar has been analysed to identify changes due to a flooding event in 2008. Object samples were collected from the post-flood image for a nearest neighbourhood (NN) classification in an object-based environment. Collection of sample were partially supported by the existing 2004&ndash;05 database. The feature space optimisation procedure was adopted to calculate an optimum feature combination (i.e. object property) that can provide highest classification accuracy. In the study, for classification of post-flood image, best class separation was obtained by using distance of 0.533 for 28 parameters out of 34. Results show that the Kosi flood has resulted in formation of sandy riverine areas.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN DAN RATA-RATA PENGELUARAN WISATAWAN TERHADAP PAD DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI PROVINSI BALI

2021 ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
I Gede Dea Joendra Septyana Putra ◽  
Ni Luh Karmini ◽  
I Wayan Wenagama
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Secondary Data Sources

This study aims to analyze the effect of the number of tourist visits and the average tourist expenditure on the local income of Bali Province, to analyze the effect of the number of tourist visits, average tourist expenditure, and local income on the economic growth of Bali Province, and to analyze the role of income. native areas in mediating the effect of the number of tourist visits and the average tourist expenditure on the economic growth of Bali Province. The data used in this research is secondary data, with the method of observation by observing documents or secondary data sources that are related. This study uses time series data with a total of 30 years of observations from 1990-2019, with the analysis technique used is Path Analysis. This study shows the results that the number of tourist visits and the average tourist expenditure have a positive and significant effect on local income in Bali Province. The number of tourist visits, the average tourist expenditure and local revenue have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Bali Province. Own-source revenue mediates the effect of the number of tourist visits and the average tourist expenditure on economic growth in Bali Province.

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