God, Man, and the Land in a Northern Ibo Village-Group

Africa ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. G. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
North East ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Considerable Body

Opening ParagraphThe fact that most of the studies recently carried out on the Ibo have been initiated in response to an urgent political situation, has resulted in an emphasis on those aspects of the culture of most immediate interest to administrators; and although a considerable body of data on religion has been included in the results, this sphere of activity has perhaps received rather less attention than others.In this article an attempt is made to sketch some salient features of religious belief in a single Ibo village-group, which, it is hoped, may illuminate some facets of the problem not emphasized in previous work. My investigations were carried out in the Northern Ibo Nike group which lies to the immediate north-east of Enugu, capital of the Eastern Provinces of Nigeria. Rich land and low population density (48 per sq. mile) have here mitigated the usual economic pressures towards education for a life of migrant labour, commerce or clerkship in the towns, with the result that, despite their proximity to a very highly developed urban area, the Nike people tend to take little interest in mission activity. Ibagwa, the senior village of the group, contains some 260 adult males, of whom only a bare half-dozen practise a loose form of Roman Catholicism, so that mission influence is not at all developed. This of course is a distinct advantage for the present study.

scholarly journals Truth and meaning in the maze of irony: A glance at Muriel Spark’s fiction

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Anna Walczuk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
Major Point ◽  
Muriel Spark

The article addresses the issue of truth and its treatment in the fiction of Muriel Spark (1918–2006), who with her first novel, The Com-forters, made her name as a distinctly post-modern novelist. The publication of The Comforters coincided with her conversion to Roman Catholicism, and Spark was explicit about the vital influence which her newly-embraced religion had upon her becoming a writer of fiction. The major point in the following argument is Spark’s overt declaration that her writing of novels, which she defines in terms of lies, represents her quest for absolute truth. This apparently para-doxical admission is reflected in Spark’s creative output, which combines most unlikely features: postmodernist leanings, commitment to religious belief and a deep-seated conviction on the part of the author about the irrefutable validity of absolute truth. The article focuses mainly on two of Spark’s novels: The Only Problem and Symposium, which demonstrate the postmodernist perspective with its in-sistence on the relativity of truth or its outright negation in the form of the concept of “post-truth”. The presented analysis shows how Spark’s narratives pursue truth across the multiplicity of continually undermined meanings jointly generated by the text and the reader as its recipient. The discussion emphasises the irony which Muriel Spark proposes as the most effective strategy for getting an inkling of absolute truth, which remains for Spark a solid though evasive value, hidden under the multiplicity of meanings.

scholarly journals Juvenile Experience with Male Cues Triggers Cryptic Choice Mechanisms in Adult Female Redback Spiders

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Maydianne C. B. Andrade ◽  
Aiswarya Baskaran ◽  
Maria Daniela Biaggio ◽  
Maria Modanu
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Male Density ◽  
The Social ◽  
Female Choosiness

Female choice may be linked to population density if the expected encounter rates with potential mates affects choosiness (the energy and risk engaged to express mate preferences). Choosiness should covary with male availability, which could be assessed using the social cues available during development. We tested whether the exposure of juvenile females to cues of male density affected the mechanisms of choosiness of adult Latrodectus hasselti spiders in two experiments simulating natural contexts. The juvenile females were exposed to (1) volatile chemicals from two densities of adult males (airborne cues), and (2) tactile, vibrational and chemical cues from adult males or other females (cohabitation cues). As adults, the females mated readily, regardless of the treatment, but there was strong evidence for post-copulatory mechanisms of choosiness in females exposed to cues of high male availability. These included abbreviated matings (in both experiments), cannibalism of the males before the mating was complete (cohabitation), and, remarkably, a reduction in the successful placement of internal sperm plugs (cohabitation). These shifts decrease the likelihood that the first mate would monopolize paternity if the female chose to mate again. We conclude that female choosiness may impose a strong selection on males despite the high mating rates, and these effects can hinge on the cues of male availability detected by juveniles.

Observations on Activity Patterns, Population and Den Characteristics of The Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster Along Badger Creek, Victoria.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
J.L. Gardner ◽  
M. Serena
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Hydromys Chrysogaster

The Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster is Australia's largest amphibious rodent, occupying freshwater rivers, lakes, and coastal and estuarine habitats throughout the continent (Watts and Aslin 1981). Little is known of the species' social organisation or use of space in the wild although Harris (1978) suggested that adults might be intrasexually aggressive. The home ranges of all sex and age classes overlap to some extent but home ranges of adults of the same sex appear to overlap less (Harris 1978). Adult males occupy the largest home ranges which overlap those of one or more females. In captivity individuals kept in groups form hierarchies in which only the dominant females usually breed successfully (Olsen 1982). Fighting occurs primarily among males, with the highest incidence of injuries observed at the beginning of the main September-March breeding season (Olsen 1980, 1982). The results of trapping studies indicate that population density may vary considerably, with the greatest numbers of animals typically occupying man-modified habitats such as irrigation channels or fish farms (McNally 1960, Watts and Aslin 1981, Smales 1984). Aggressive behaviour appears to be related to pelage colour (phenotype) and population density; the higher the density the greater the number of injured individuals (Olsen 1980).

IMPROVING YIELD OF VEGETABLES BY USING SOILLESS MICRO-GARDEN TECHNOLOGIES IN PERI-URBAN AREA OF NORTH-EAST BRAZIL

2007 ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gianquinto ◽  
F. Orsini ◽  
N. Michelon ◽  
D.F. da Silva ◽  
F.D. de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
North East

8. Globalizing sanctity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Yarrow
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Fundamental Feature ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Cult Of Saints ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
World Mission ◽  
The Church

The cult of saints crossed global horizons as part of the spread of Roman Catholicism that began in the late 15th century with the maritime expeditions of Catholic Portugal and Spain. ‘Globalizing sanctity’ explains that the most successful seedbed of sainthood was the Americas, where the Church received most patronage when it operated as a colonial government ideological arm, working to pacify and economically exploit the Amerindian natives. Why did the indigenous people adopt their Christian oppressors’ religion and what part did saints play? A fundamental feature of Catholic world mission was syncretism, mixing elements of two sets of religious belief and meaning through the adaptation of symbols and practices culturally accommodating to both.

Occurrence and distribution of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., in cowpea growing areas of Nigeria

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayo Olowe
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
The South ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
North West ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Core ◽  
North East ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

AbstractA survey of root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., was conducted in 248 major cowpea growing areas, spread over 31 States and the Federal Capital Territory in different ecological zones in Nigeria. The survey revealed the occurrence of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria singly or in combination in all the cowpea farms sampled. In overall distribution, M. incognita (51.8%) was the most prevalent followed by M. javanica (44.1%) and M. arenaria (4.1%). The greatest abundance of M. javanica (65.6%) was concentrated in the Sudan savannah of the Core North (north-east and north-west) and that of M. incognita (82.1%) in the humid forest of the south (south-east, south-west and south-south). However, M. javanica (51.7%) and M. incognita (44.2%) tended to be common in the Guinea savannah of the middle belt (north-central). Mixed populations of the three species (4.0%), but more commonly of M. incognita and M. javanica (37.1%), were encountered. Meloidogyne arenaria never occurred as a pure population or mixed with M. javanica solely but was found mixed either with M. incognita alone or in combination with M. javanica and M. incognita, and more often in the south. In a mixed population of M. incognita and M. javanica in the Core North, where M. javanica was prevalent, M. incognita formed about one third (34.2%) of the mixed population density, whereas in the south where M. incognita was dominant, M. javanica formed a lower proportion of about one fifth (17%) of the mixed population density. These findings provide information and guidance for planning effective management strategies.

Social Administration of the Kru. A Preliminary Survey

Africa ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scudder Mekeel
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Physical Type

Opening ParagraphThe Kru, a West African Negro group, inhabit the central and southern part of Liberia. They are surrounded by the Basa peoples to the north-west, by the Grebo to the south-east and by the Putu to the north-east. The informant, Thomas Tarbour (Sieh Tagbweh), from whom the following material was derived, was a native of Grand Cess (Siglipo), a large coast town near the border of the Grebo country. The Kru, along with other related groups in that part of West Africa, have a tradition of having migrated from far to the north-east. The physical type is that of the short, stocky Bush negro. No archaeological work has been done in the region, and such ethnological material as has been collected is a mere beginning.

The Greening of Estonia

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Westing
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
International Importance

The environment and natural resources of Estonia (area 45,000 km2, population c. 1.5 million) are described: Estonia is a flat country of which 40% is forested (managed on a sustained-yield basis), 20% is covered by peat bogs (widely cut for agricultural purposes and fuel), and 22% is under cultivation, often on drained land (largely growing grain for livestock). Rich deposits of oil-shale (used for fuel, etc.) and phosphorite (used for fertilizer, etc.) are exploited, especially in the north-east. Both of these resources are to a large extent strip-mined, causing enormous local surface disruption and more widespread water and air pollution— especially so in the case of the phosphorite extraction. Estonia has, however, recently been able to prevent a planned expansion of phosphorite exploitation.About 3% of Estonia is set aside as Nature reserves, including some wetlands of international importance. Environmental protection is an important item on Estonia's agenda; the prognosis is quite favourable, not only because of a commendable population density, but also in large part (as there is considerable evidence to suggest) because the population has a keenly-developed Nature ethic of long standing.

scholarly journals Home range areas of koalas in an urban area of north-east New South Wales

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Barbara Dobner
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
North East ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Primary Habitat

Conserving wildlife within urban areas requires knowledge of habitat requirements and population processes, and the management of threatening factors. The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is one species that is adversely affected by urban development. Sick and injured koalas in the Lismore urban area are regularly taken into care. We radio-tracked koalas released from care in order to estimate home-range areas and to determine their fate. Koalas were tracked for periods of 90–742 days; 7 of 10 survived for a period of at least one year. Home ranges defined by the minimum convex polygon (MCP100%) were large (mean ± s.e. = 37.4 ± 8.2 ha). Analysis using the 95% Fixed Kernel revealed home-range areas of 8.0 ± 1.7 ha. Analysis of the habitat composition of each MCP home range showed that they included 4.3 ± 0.9 ha of primary habitat (dominated by their primary food trees). These home ranges contained 27.6 ± 6.8 ha of non-habitat (cleared or developed land). Koalas crossed roads within their home ranges at least 5–53 times; one crossed the Bruxner Highway near a roundabout at least 32 times over his 2-year tracking period. Future management should include strategic food tree planting that enhances habitat connectivity and minimises the risk of car strike or dog attack.

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