Adaptation and Integration in the Social System of Temne Immigrants in Freetown

Africa ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Banton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Tribal People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Successful Adaptation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThis paper presents a study of what is sometimes called detribalization—the process by which tribal people, especially those who have left their homeland and obtained paid employment in towns, are separated from the social and cultural heritage of their tribe. But this is too superficial a statement of the matter. It is necessary to define the problem in sociological terms before attempting a systematic analysis of the process. Accordingly I shall start by describing the system of social relations prevailing among Temne in Freetown, and shall examine the forces which, over the past fifty years, have influenced its character. At the beginning of this period relationships among the Temne immigrants appear to have been relatively close and stable, but, from the 1920's, disintegrative tendencies became progressively more marked until, at the end of the 1930's, the young men carried out a series of swift changes which resulted in a more successful adaptation of the system and its closer integration.

scholarly journals Informational Space and Its Subjective Basis

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Marat Buzskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Information Space ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

The article discusses the problem of determining the information space of modern society. Considering modern interpretations of this space, the author notes the widespread approach of describing the properties of this space from the information itself contesting the relationship between the past and the present, their interaction in modern society. Trying to solve the problem we consider the constant function of the social system, i.e. the formation of its specific historical integrity in the form of the universality of the subject - a special property of the system itself expressing the achieved level of social relations of society, forming goals, defining guidelines and patterns of behavior, as well as features of consciousness and ideas of people of this society. The article deals with the peculiarities of four historical forms of universality of the subject – myth, religion, activity and information, their interaction with the social system and personality (social subjects). From this point of view the author believes that the modern information space does not reveal its real subjective potential and should be considered as a formation, since the social system itself and its subject are historically only at the beginning of its existence. The conceptual basis of the article lies in the identification of a special objective regularity – the dialectical interaction of the social system and its subject form generated by the system – a historically reproducing permanent mechanism, which, however, changes its content along with the development of society. The main function of the universality of the subject is to present or express the most common systemic quality as a kind of objective goal of society and at the same time to determine the main direction and nature of socio-spiritual and practical interactions of people in a particular historical era. Thus this subject acts as a special intermediary between specific individuals and the social system. It expresses some general quality of system structures or orders arising in different epochs objectively arising in society. Therefore, the information society and its space are not autonomous in relation to the past, but express the modern stage of this process – the formation of objective conditions of the system stability on the basis of accelerating dynamics of information processes and interactions. And the basis of these conditions, their concentrated manifestation is the universality of the subject in its information "objectification".

Risking Debt for Honor

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Cash
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Republic

Research on godparenthood has traditionally emphasized its stabilizing effect on social structure. This article, however, focuses attention on how the practices and discourses associated with marital sponsorship in the Republic of Moldova ascribe value to the risks and uncertainties of social life. Moldova has experienced substantial economic, social, and political upheaval during the past two decades of postsocialism, following a longer period of Soviet-era modernization, secularization, and rural–urban migration. In this context, godparenthood has not contributed to the long-term stability of class structure or social relations, but people continue to seek honor and social respect by taking the social and economic risks involved in sponsoring new marriages.

scholarly journals Srebrenica is not a Metaphor

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Sarina Bakić
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Further Development

The author will emphasize the importance of both the existence and the further development of the Srebrenica - Potočari Memorial Center, in the context of the continued need to understand the genocide that took place in and around Srebrenica, from the aspect of building a culture of remembrance throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). This is necessary in order to continue fighting the ongoing genocide denial. At first glance, a culture of remembrance presupposes immobility and focus on the past to some, but it is essentially dynamic, and connects three temporal dimensions: it evokes the present, refers to the past but always deliberates over the future. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on the concept of the place of remembrance, the lieu de memoire as introduced by the historian Pierre Nora. In this sense, a place of remembrance such as the Srebrenica - Potočari Memorial Center is an expression of a process in which people are no longer just immersed in their past but read and analyze it in the present. Furthermore, looking to the future, they also become mediators of relations between people and communities, which in sociological theory is an important issue of social relations. The author of this paper emphasizes that collective memory in the specific case of genocide in and around Srebrenica is only possible when the social relations around the building (Srebrenica - Potočari Memorial Center) crystallize, which is then much more than just the content of the culture of remembrance.

Technical Communication in an Information Society

2011 ◽  
pp. 3668-3673
Author(s):  
John DiMarco
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Social System ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Technical Communication ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Information Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technological Product

Gutenberg developed movable type and revolutionized communication. O’Hara (2001) makes identification that “from the fourteenth century on, the social system of science has depended on technical communication to describe, disseminate, criticize, use, and improve innovations and advances in science, medicine, and technology” (p.1). O’Hara’s reference provides a clear pathway to further discussion and interpretation on the rapidly changing tools, techniques, and roles that have caused the permutation of technical communication from an original tool of science and medicine in the 1400s to an academic discipline and a universally desired societal skill set for all who engage the information society. The purpose of this research is to identify the stature of technical communication in societies which engage heavily in information design, social technological product consumption, and publishing. This chapter addresses the past, present, and future issues, controversies, and roles that technical communication has had and will have on the information society.

scholarly journals Filmic witness to the 1964 Kitty Genovese murder

Urban History ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-642
Author(s):  
CARRIE RENTSCHLER
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Male Violence ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Past ◽  
City Street ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTThis essay examines a body of films that represent and re-enact the infamous 1964 Catherine Genovese rape and murder, helping to define the crime as a problem of bystander non-intervention exacerbated by urban living conditions and the ‘high rise anxieties’ of apartment dwellers. The moving image culture around the Genovese case tells a story about male violence against women in the city through the perspective of urban apartment dwellers, who are portrayed as bystander witnesses to both the city and to the social relations of stranger sociability in the city. Films depict the killing of Kitty Genovese, sometimes through fictional analogues to her and the crime, as an outcome of failed witnessing, explicating those failures around changing ideas about urban social relations between strangers, and ways of surveilling the city street from apartment windows. By portraying urban bystanders as primarily non-interventionist spectators of the Genovese rape and murder, films locate the conditions of femicide and responsibility for it in detached modes of seeing and encountering strangers. By analysing film as forms of historic documentation and imagination, as artifacts of historically and contextually different ways of telling and revising the story of the Genovese murder as one of bystander non-intervention in gender violence in the city, the essay conceptualizes film and filmic re-enactments as a mode of paying witness to the past.

Men’s Muscularity Image—The Role among Polish Young Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zygmunt Zarzycki ◽  
Stanisław Słyk ◽  
Szymon Price ◽  
Magdalena Flaga-Łuczkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Electronic Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Muscle Groups

For many young men, enhancing their attractiveness as perceived by the opposite sex could be a potential reason for beginning physical activity. The aim of the study was to assess how women perceive male muscularity and how it could affect social relations between sexes. The intention was also to compare this assessment with the male view of the issue. An anonymous survey was conducted in electronic form and shared to Polish students. The questionnaire was completed by 5,190 respondents (4,043 women and 1,147 men). Women preferred a less muscular body than men. All muscle groups apart from the buttocks were also rated as more important by men than by women. The social role of muscularity, for example, in forming relationships with women was exaggerated by men. Men’s perception of their muscularity is not coherent with the way females perceive it.

scholarly journals Socialising tourism after COVID-19: reclaiming tourism as a social force?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya Higgins-Desbiolles ◽  
Bobbie Chew Bigby ◽  
Adam Doering
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecological Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis article considers the possibilities of and barriers to socialising tourism after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Such an approach allows us to transform tourism and thereby evolve it to be of wider benefit and less damaging to societies and ecologies than has been the case under the corporatised model of tourism.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual analysis draws on the theorisation of “tourism as a social force” and the new concept of “socialising tourism”. Using critical tourism approaches, it seeks to identify the dynamics that are evident in order to assess the possibilities for socialising tourism for social and ecological justice. It employs an Indigenous perspective that the past, present and future are interconnected in its consideration of tourism futures.FindingsCOVID-19 has fundamentally disrupted tourism, travel and affiliated industries. In dealing with the crisis, borders have been shut, lockdowns imposed and international tourism curtailed. The pandemic foregrounded the renewal of social bonds and social capacities as governments acted to prevent economic and social devastation. This disruption of normality has inspired some to envision radical transformations in tourism to address the injustices and unsustainability of tourism. Others remain sceptical of the likelihood of transformation. Indeed, phenomena such as vaccine privilege and vaccine tourism are indicators that transformations must be enabled. The authors look to New Zealand examples as hopeful indications of the ways in which tourism might be transformed for social and ecological justice.Practical implicationsThis conceptualisation could guide the industry to better stakeholder relations and sustainability.Social implicationsSocialising tourism offers a fruitful pathway to rethinking tourism through a reorientation of the social relations it fosters and thereby transforming its social impacts for the better.Originality/valueThis work engages with the novel concept of “socialising tourism”. In connecting this new theory to the older theory of “tourism as a social force”, this paper considers how COVID-19 has offered a possible transformative moment to enable more just and sustainable tourism futures.

scholarly journals The Problem of the Stability of the Social System in Ancient Indian Philosophy

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
V. V. Tuzov ◽  
R. R. Mazina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Stability

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to show the effect of the law of correspondence as a factor of stability of the social system and the relevance of this problem for ancient Indian philosophy. The problem of the stability of society was not directly considered in ancient Indian philosophy or in modern literature, especially through the prism of the law of correspondence.Methodology and sources. The work uses content analysis, system approach, dialectics and the concept of self-organization. In addition, the main analysis of the problem of stability in ancient Indian philosophy is carried out on the basis of the law of correspondence between the real relations that connect people at a given moment and the essence of the “social”. This law was formulated and proposed by V.V. Tuzov. The essence of the “social” could be conditionally expressed through the concepts of “equality”, “humanism”, mutual assistance, “justice”. Real relations may deviate from the essence, but by a certain amount, a measure. Going beyond the limits of the measure deprives the system of stability, and it becomes uncontrollable. The main source of analysis is the academic edition of the text Arthashastra (ancient Indian political and economic treatise), as well as “History of political and legal doctrines”, “Development of ideas about management in philosophical thought”.Results and discussion. The article analyzes the ancient Indian philosophical texts to reveal in them, in a latent or explicit form, the concern of philosophers with the problem of maintaining the stability of the state and society. Attention is focused on the fact that there is a need to observe the law of conformity in the recommendations for rulers on how to govern the people.Analysis of the main source of ancient Indian philosophy, which deals with the problems of governance, shows that the recommendations to the king, which are set forth by the author of Arthashastra Kautilya, imply, in the end result, the need to maintain a balance of interests between the ruling class and the people, that is, to observe the measure for which society loses its stability due to for the impoverishment of the people. In other words, in the management recommendations, the law of conformity, which was discussed above, appears in a latent form.Conclusion. The problem of the stability of the social system in a class society was and remains extremely relevant. The philosophical law of correspondence between real relations and the essence of social relations, which ensures the stability of society while observing the measure, requires justification. Since the principle of forming relationships and the nature of interaction has remained unchanged for centuries, the reflections of ancient philosophers on management, on the structure of society, on the relationship between different groups in it, and on the interaction of interests, on the one hand, confirm the operation of this law, on the other hand, could be useful for modern management.

Conservation and Heritage As Creative Processes of Future-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Cornelius Holtorf
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Conservation Ethics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come

AbstractAccording to the logic of the conservation ethics, the heritage sector has the duty to conserve cultural heritage because it has inherent value and constitutes a non-renewable resource that once destroyed cannot be substituted and, therefore, must be preserved for the benefit of future generations. In this article, I argue, however, that the cultural heritage of the past is not a comprehensive legacy that theoretically, at any point, might have been considered complete but, rather, that it can be understood as frequently updated manifestations of changing perceptions of the past over time. The most important question for conservation and heritage management, thus, is not how much heritage of any one period may or may not survive intact into the future but, instead, which heritage, as our legacy to the generations to come, will benefit future societies the most. In particular, I am calling for more research into the possible significance of heritage in addressing some of the social consequences of climate change.

scholarly journals Consensus in Opinion Formation Processes in Fully Evolving Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6022-6029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Auletta ◽  
Angelo Fanelli ◽  
Diodato Ferraioli
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Formation Dynamics ◽  
Previous Round

Friedkin and Johnsen (1990) modeled opinion formation in social networks as a dynamic process which evolves in rounds: at each round each agent updates her expressed opinion to a weighted average of her innate belief and the opinions expressed in the previous round by her social neighbors. The stubbornness level of an agent represents the tendency of the agent to express an opinion close to her innate belief. Motivated by the observation that innate beliefs, stubbornness levels and even social relations can co-evolve together with the expressed opinions, we present a new model of opinion formation where the dynamics runs in a co-evolving environment. We assume that agents’ stubbornness and social relations can vary arbitrarily, while their innate beliefs slowly change as a function of the opinions they expressed in the past. We prove that, in our model, the opinion formation dynamics converges to a consensus if reasonable conditions on the structure of the social relationships and on how the personal beliefs can change are satisfied. Moreover, we discuss how this result applies in several simpler (but realistic) settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document