Some Aspects of the Economics of Sixteen Ibo Individuals

Africa ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 302-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Consumer Economics ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Quantitative Nature

Opening ParagraphOf the various aspects of ethnology, perhaps that of economics has been most neglected. Within the past few years a number of books and articles have appeared with the intent to remedy this situation, but the study of the economic life of primitive peoples is still in its infancy. Particularly is this true of consumer economics in primitive societies. More and more data, especially of a concrete, quantitative nature, are needed. This study is a small contribution in that direction. It presents the annual monetary incomes and expenditures of sixteen Ibo natives living in the community of Ozuitem in south-eastern Nigeria.

SUITABILITY OF ACID-SOLUBLE AND ACID-INSOLUBLE LEATHER FRACTIONS IN RADIOCARBON DATING

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alyssa M Tate ◽  
Brittany Hundman ◽  
Jonathan Heile
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The Past ◽  
Acid Soluble Collagen ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Leather has been produced by a variety of methods throughout human history, providing researchers unique insight into multiple facets of social and economic life in the past. Archaeologically recovered leather is often fragile and poorly preserved, leading to the use of various conservation and restoration efforts that may include the application of fats, oils, or waxes. Such additives introduce exogenous carbon to the leather, contaminating the specimen. These contaminants, in addition to those accumulated during interment, must be removed through chemical pretreatment prior to radiocarbon (14C) dating to ensure accurate dating. DirectAMS utilizes organic solvents, acid-base-acid (ABA) and gelatinization for all leather samples. Collagen yield from leather samples is variable due to the method of production and the quality of preservation. However, evaluating the acid-soluble collagen fraction, when available, provides the most accurate 14C dates for leather samples. In instances where gelatinization does not yield sufficient material, the resulting acid-insoluble fraction may be dated. Here we examine the effectiveness of the combined organic solvent and ABA pretreatment with gelatinization for leather samples, as well as the suitability of the acid-insoluble fraction for 14C dating.

Social Theory and the Study of Christian Missions in Africa

Africa ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Beidelman
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Theoretical Interest ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Impact

Opening ParagraphIn the past anthropology was concerned with alien, exotic societies such as Indians, Africans, and Pacific Islanders. Today it is in vogue to do the anthropology of modern societies. Abroad this is termed the study of nation-building and development; at home it becomes the study of various sub-cultures with attention towards ethnic minorities and deviant groups rather than upon the more powerful and prominent segments of our society. Anthropologists tend to neglect those groups nearest themselves, and in the scurry to conduct relevant research, a broad area of great theoretical interest has been passed by. Almost no attention was ever paid by anthropologists to the study of colonial groups such as administrators, missionaries, or traders. Today we can read anthropological studies of the impact of such groups upon native populations, but the focus of such work dims with the colour line. Thus, an anthropologist has studied the machinations of the members of a Nigerian emirate but not the tactics of the British Resident and his staff. Another applied potted Weberian bureaucratic theory to Soga local government but neglected to discuss the British district officers in the same chiefdom. Another asked how Christian Tswana behaved, but not about those missionaries who had converted them. Anthropologists may have spoken about studying total societies, but they did not seem to consider their compatriots as subjects for wonder and analysis.* In the studies of Christianity in Africa, consideration was mainly in terms of the relations of the convert to his traditional society, to the process of social change, or sometimes to the development of native separatist churches. It never included the missionaries who had made the conversions or described everyday affairs at the mission station, clinic, or school.

scholarly journals Padalka S.S., Kirilenko I.G., Vergunov V.A. Agrarian History of Ukraine: in Three Parts Part 1. From Ancient Times to the Beginning of the XXth century. Kyiv: Agrarian Science, 2019. 332p. Part II: Soviet Period 1917-1990 Kyiv: Agrarian Science, 2019. 458 p. Part III: The Period of Independence 1991-2018. Kyiv: Agrarian Science, 2019. 372p.

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
Ivan Romaniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Village ◽  
Reliable Basis

The article reviews the textbook in three parts, in which well-known authors using primarily source documents, the work of domestic and foreign researchers have revealed agrarian relations in Ukraine from ancient times to the present. Particular attention is paid to issues of change in agriculture, socio-economic life of the village, the environment of the peasantry, the daily life of the Ukrainian countryside. Knowledge of the experience of the past agrarian system can become a reliable basis for a conscious choice of optimal ways of further progress of Ukraine as a democratic and prosperous state.

The oil palm wine economy of rural farmers in Nigeria: evidence from Enugu Ezike, south-eastern Nigeria

Rural History ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Apex A. Apeh ◽  
Christian C. Opata
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Rural Farmers

AbstractThe study considers the economics of the oil palm (Elaeis guinensis) to rural farmers in a rural community in south-eastern Nigeria. It compares the economic benefits of all products of the oil palm industry – palm oil, palm kernel, timber, palm wine and brooms. It posits that the most important product of the oil palm to the Enugu Ezike farmer is oil palm wine. This contrasts with the view that holds palm oil and palm kernel as the chief products of the oil palm. In a study conducted in Enugu Ezike, findings reveal that annual revenue from palm wine surpasses the six-yearly income from palm oil, palm kernel and brooms together. The study employs an eclectic framework of data collection, involving oral interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and the use of secondary sources. The oil palm is by every standard the most economically important tree crop and proceeds from it have positively influenced the socio-economic life of the rural communities, and as a result it has improved their living conditions.

Social Aspects of First Fruits Ceremonies among the South-Eastern Bantu

Africa ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Gluckmann
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Actual Effect ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Zulu live on the south-east coast of South Africa, in a region of fertile soil, watered by fair summer rains which are occasionally interrupted by drought. Towards the end of the agricultural season they hold a great tribal ceremony, which Sir James Frazer cites as a typical first fruits sacrament, though the ceremony itself has many different rites. I hope in this paper to show that these, and the taboos on the early eating of the first fruits, together with the ritual approach to them, guard against socially disruptive forces. To the natives the importance of the ceremony is that it protects them against mystical powers; their actual effect must be sought by the anthropologist.

Comment on the ‘leopard’ killings

Africa ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. G. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion

Opening ParagraphDr Nwaka, in writing his paper on the ‘man-leopard’ killings of southern Annang, Nigeria, 1943–48, has performed a good public service for Nigeria. During the past few years a number of Nigerians have expressed to me the view that the killings should be written up. Now Dr Nwaka has done just this, and only after a very considerable amount of research, as his extensive references indicate. The fact that I do not accept his main conclusion is not the point. His paper forms the basis for a comprehensive discussion of the circumstances surrounding the killings from 1943 to 1948, and for this we owe him a real debt of gratitude.

The Kpelle Moot: A Therapeutic Model for the Informal Settlement of Disputes

Africa ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Culture Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
Therapeutic Model ◽  
Legal Procedures

Opening ParagraphAfrica as a major culture area has been characterized by many writers as being -marked by a high development of law and legal procedures. In the past few years research on African law has produced a series of highly competent monographs such as those on law among the Tiv, the Barotse, and the Nuer. These and related shorter studies have focused primarily on formal processes for the settlement of disputes, such as those which take place in a courtroom, or those which are, in some other way, set apart from simpler measures of social control. However, many African societies have informal, quasi-legal, dispute-settlement procedures, supplemental to formal ones, which have not been as well studied, or—in most cases—adequately analysed.

African Ethnographic Maps, with a new Example from Northern Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
R. Mansell Prothero
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThere is little evidence to show that ethnic differences in Africa result in problems of lesser magnitude at the present day than in the past. In recent years the problems of ‘minorities’ have had to be considered in Nigeria, while in the Republic of Congo (Léopoldville) ethnic conflicts and the reappearance of past tribal enmities have produced numerous tragic situations during the last twelve months. The frontiers of Africa were delimited by the European powers half a century or more ago and their absurdity in relation to ethnic groups has been demonstrated recently in papers by Barbour and Prescott. They were drawn in ignorance of the different groups of people through which they passed and have now been inherited by independent African governments who will have to face the problems which have been created. To solve them these African governments will need to know more of ethnic groups and their distributions than did their European predecessors and the need for more adequate ethnographic maps is likely to increase rather than diminish.

Notes on the genus Taraxacum in Slovakia. I. Taraxacum sect. Hamata: a new group of dandelions in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumil Trávníček ◽  
Radim Vašut
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
S Poland

AbstractThe hamate dandelion section (Taraxacum sect. Hamata H. Øllg.) represents a morphologically tight group of taxa, distributed in the oceanic and sub-oceanic regions of Europe. In Central Europe, it is mostly confined to freshly moist meadows, as well as places in the shade within urban areas. The known distribution area in Europe until now extended towards the E part of the Czech Republic and S Poland. During the past six years, we have discovered an additional eleven localities of hamate dandelions in NW and N Slovakia, which represents a corrected south-eastern limit for the distribution area of this section. In this paper, we discuss seven recognized taxa (T. boekmanii, T. fusciflorum, T. hamatiforme, Taraxacum hamatum, T. lamprophyllum, T. pseudohamatum, and T. quadrans). We provide a determinative key to the Slovakian hamate dandelions, brief species descriptions, comments on their distribution, a distribution map of the section in Slovakia, as well as images of all of the newly found species.

scholarly journals The diamagnetic susceptibilities of salts forming ions with inert gas configurations - Part I—The halides of sodium and potassium

1934 ◽  
Vol 147 (860) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diamagnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Complete Investigation ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Quantitative Nature

Although the subject of diamagnetic susceptibility has attracted the attention of many experimental and theoretical investigators during the past decade, it is remarkable that no complete systematic investigation of the susceptibilities of salts forming ions with inert gas configurations has been made. As a result, in comparing experimental and theoretical work, results for various salts obtained by quite different methods are used in conjunction with one another, and it is hardly surprising that the agreement should be of an approximate quantitative nature only in view of the wide discordance of the experimental results. The work of Ikenmeyer is the most complete investigation, but here the susceptibilities of certain salts, notably the fluorides, have not been measured. This is a serious omission for the data upon fluorides should prove to be amongst the most interesting. The present investigation is part of an attempt to obtain a series of results under the same experimental conditions and with the same apparatus, in order that the comparative values so obtained may be as accurate as possible.

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