Ward Organization among the Yakö

Africa ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryll Forde
Keyword(s):  
Main Group ◽  
Cross River ◽  
River People ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Yakö of the Middle Cross River area of Obubra Division in SE. Nigeria live in five compact villages a few miles apart, each of which was formerly autonomous in its political as well as its ritual organization. They have a common tradition that their forebears all came from Okuni, a settlement some 50 miles away up the Cross River, from which they came overland, for they were not river people, in several parties and over some years. Among the Yakö settlements distinction is made between those in which the original migrants settled—that is, Idomi, where stopped a section of the main group which founded Umor, Umor itself, and the separately settled community of Nko—and the remaining villages of Ekuri and Nkpani which are held to have been founded a generation or two later by local migrations, following dissensions, from Umor.

The History of Trade at Ikom, Eastern Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Harris
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Nineteen Twenties ◽  
Cross River ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
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Opening ParagraphIkom, on the Cross River and with a total population of just over 7,000 in 1953, lies near the boundary between Nigeria and southern Cameroons. It has been commercially important in recent years, as was indicated, for example, by the presence there in 1953 (the date of the last fairly reliable census) of over 1,500 Ibo. But the Ibo are newcomers, and this paper is concerned with examining earlier patterns of trade as they had developed down to the nineteen-twenties. More recently the people of Ikom have derived their prosperity from the exploitation of their soil, which is eminently suitable for producing cocoa. According to a visiting soil scientist in the 1960s, there are in the locality 140 square miles of suitable cocoa land, which in fact is so plentiful that although two-thirds of it was still held in a forest reserve there was in 1966 no public pressure to have any portion released for agriculture. The affluence based on cocoa is, however, recent; the traditional path to prosperity and influence was through participation in trade, especially trade with Mamfe to the east and with Calabar on the coast, principally along the Cross River.

The Image of Janus in African Sculpture

Africa ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckart von Sydow
Keyword(s):  
Formal Structure ◽  
Cross River ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Vast Range

Opening ParagraphAmong the vast range of subjects found in African sculpture, the representations of Janus occupy an important position, primarily for purely artistic reasons. On the whole, African sculptors chiefly excel in their treatment of single figures, be they masks or statues. Each piece of work which is more than one figure is in itself a notable advance on the usual African style. Now there are Janus masks which in their formal structure are chefs-d'œvre of African sculpture and, indeed, of all primitive art. A number of these come from the Cross River district. It is not only, however, because of their artistic form and powerful expression that these masks are interesting. Again and again men have racked their brains in order to solve the problem of their inner meaning, and have risked the most daring hypotheses, as is shown in the book by R. Karutz, Das Rätsel des Janus (1927, Basle): I shall discuss this critically at the end of this article.

Ibo Land Tenure

Africa ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Culture Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Marginal Group ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Cross ◽  
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Opening ParagraphThe Ibo-speaking people of Eastern Nigeria can be regarded as a single culture area which may provisionally be subdivided into five main divisions: Northern or Onitsha, Southern or Owerri, Western or Ika, Eastern or Cross River, and North-eastern or Abakaliki. The first two divisions, whose boundaries correspond very roughly to those of the Administrative Provinces of Onitsha and Owerri, contain the bulk of the population; the Western occupies the Niger riverain region and the forest country beyond, and their culture has been influenced by that of the Edospeaking tribes farther west, and by Benin; the Cross River Ibo are another marginal group whose affinities with the ‘Semi-Bantu’-speaking tribes on the eastern bank of that river have yet to be studied; while the North-eastern Ibo are a specialized group that has developed, in comparative isolation, a culture and a social structure better adapted to the savannah country in which they live. The remarks which follow refer mainly to the Northern, Southern, and Cross River Ibo; the North-eastern Ibo system differs in many important respects; the Western has not been studied. The terms used in defining Ibo social groupings have been explained in Africa, vol. xix, No. 2, p. 151, and in places where this may cause confusion the ‘official’ or alternative term is given in brackets.

Nest site ecology of the cross river gorilla at the Kagwene Gorilla Sanctuary, Cameroon, with special reference to anthropogenic influence

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. De Vere ◽  
Ymke Warren ◽  
Aaron Nicholas ◽  
Mary E. Mackenzie ◽  
James P. Higham
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River Gorilla ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Site Ecology

Studies on fecundity and spawning of blue crab (Callinectes Amnicola) in Cross River Estuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
J. Otoyo ◽  
S.M. Ameh ◽  
O.K. Achema
Keyword(s):  
Blue Crab ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Cross River ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross River Estuary ◽  
Egg Diameter

Studies on identification of species, fecundity and development stages of blue crab, (Callinectes amnicola) were investigated at the Cross River Estuary between the months of December, 2018 and May, 2019. The parameters used for the study were gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, egg diameter and counts. All measurements followed standard procedures. Gonadosomatic index was at its peak in December (88.9) and April (83.3). This coincided with the peak in egg size suggesting that spawning occurred twice within the period.The low values of hepatosomatic index around December (1.20) and April (0.45) added to confirm the spawning in these months. The species spawns at a mean egg size of 17.55mm. The dimension of crabs examined were in the following range: carapace length 40.0 to 70.0mm, carapace width, 5.0 to 60mm and body weight 40.0 to 140.0g. The relationship between fecundity and weight of crab was  significant (r = 0.295: p<0.05), indicating positive correlation. Absolute fecundity of the species ranged between 1,375 and 225,132 eggs. The smallest crab with egg had a carapace width of 39.5mm and weight of 46.9g. Spawning at this size seems to be a strategy adopted by the species to cope with exploitation pressure. The result of this study revealed that C. amnicola had a high reproductive potentials. Hence, adequate regulation is required to enhance sustainability of the species in the Cross River Estuary.

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