Extended Visual Fixation in Young Infants: Look Distributions, Heart Rate Changes, and Attention

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Richards ◽  
Theresa L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Visual Fixation ◽  
Young Infants

Visual Recognition of Mother by Young Infants: Facilitation by Speech

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1133-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Visual Fixation ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Fixation Preference ◽  
Mother’S Voice ◽  
Speech Information ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Relative Salience

Infants recognise their mother's voice at birth but appear not to recognise visual-only presentations of her face until around 3 months. In a series of experiments visual discrimination by infants aged 1, 3, and 5 months of their mother's and a female stranger's face was investigated in visual-only and visual-plus-speech conditions. In the first experiment these infants' discrimination of mother's and female stranger's faces was measured by their visual-fixation-preference scores. Discrimination was found to be facilitated by the addition of speech information. In experiment 2 naive adults viewed silent videotapes of infants from experiment 1 and judged whether the mother had been presented on the infants' left or right. This added further information to the fixation-preference results of experiment 1: it was found that 1-month-olds discriminate mother's and stranger's face only in the presence of speech information, whereas 3-month-olds also do so in visual-only conditions. In experiments 3 and 4 the relative salience of lip movements and voice information in visual recognition of mother's face was investigated. In experiment 3, no significant differences in infants' visual-fixation-preference scores were obtained. However, in experiment 4 adults' ‘where is mother?’ judgments of videotapes from experiment 3 were found to be more accurate in the voice than in the lip-movements conditions, especially for the 3-month-olds and more accurate when mother rather than stranger was talking. It is concluded that young infants' visual recognition of mother is facilitated by addition of speech information, that it is primarily the voice component of speech that causes this facilitation, and that social discrimination is best indexed by a dependent variable which is sensitive to a range of facial cues provided by infants.

The Influence of Fetal and Postnatal Growth on Heart Rate Variability in Young Infants

Cardiology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martial M. Massin ◽  
Nadia Withofs ◽  
Kristel Maeyns ◽  
Françoise Ravet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Young Infants

Heart Rate Variability During Attention Phases in Young Infants

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Richards ◽  
Betty Jo Casey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Young Infants

Early prediction of serious infections in febrile infants incorporating heart rate variability in an emergency department: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2020-210675
Author(s):  
Shu-Ling Chong ◽  
Gene Yong-Kwang Ong ◽  
John Carson Allen ◽  
Jan Hau Lee ◽  
Rupini Piragasam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Poincaré Plot ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Non Linear

BackgroundEarly differentiation of febrile young infants with from those without serious infections (SIs) remains a diagnostic challenge. We sought to (1) compare vital signs and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters between febrile infants with versus without SIs, (2) assess the performance of HRV and vital signs with reference to current triage tools and (3) compare HRV and vital signs to HRV, vital signs and blood biomarkers, when predicting for the presence of SIs.MethodsUsing a prospective observational design, we recruited patients <3 months old presenting to a tertiary paediatric ED in Singapore from December 2018 through November 2019. We obtained patient demographic characteristics, triage assessment (including the Severity Index Score (SIS)), HRV parameters (time, frequency and non-linear domains) and laboratory results. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to predict the presence of an SI, using area under the curve (AUC) with the corresponding 95% CI to assess predictive capability.ResultsAmong 203 infants with a mean age of 38.4 days (SD 27.6), 67 infants (33.0%) had an SI. There were significant differences in the time, frequency and non-linear domains of HRV parameters between infants with versus without SIs. In predicting SIs, gender, temperature and the HRV non-linear parameter Poincaré plot SD2 (AUC 0.78, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.84) performed better than SIS alone (AUC 0.61, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.68). Model performance improved with the addition of absolute neutrophil count and C reactive protein (AUC 0.82, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.89).ConclusionAn exploratory prediction model incorporating HRV and biomarkers improved prediction of SIs. Further research is needed to assess if HRV can identify which young febrile infants have an SI at ED triage.Trial registration numberNCT04103151.

Normal ranges for the variability in heart rate in young infants while sleeping

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martial M. Massin ◽  
Nadia Withofs ◽  
Kristel Maeyns ◽  
Françoise Ravet ◽  
Paul Gérard
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Activity

Objective: Measurements of the variability in heart rate are increasingly used as markers of cardiac autonomic activity. We sought to establish the development this variability in healthy young infants while sleeping. Patients: We carried out polygraphic studies with electrocardiographic recording in 587 healthy infants aged from 5 to 26 weeks. Methods: We determined several variables over a period of 400 minutes sleeping: mean RR interval, 5 time-domain (SDNN, SDNNi, SDANNi, RMSSD, and pNN50) and 5 frequency-domain indexes (spectral power over 3 regions of interest, total power and low-to-high frequency ratio). Frequency-domain indexes were also assessed separately for the periods of quiet sleep and those of rapid eye movement sleep. Results: Our data showed a significant correlation between the indexes of heart rate variability and the mean RR interval, the breathing rate, and the corrected age of the infants. We also demonstrated the importance of the maturation of the sleeping patterns. Conclusion: These data in a large cohort of healthy infants confirm a progressive maturation of the autonomic nervous system during sleep, and may be used to examine the influence of physiological and pathophysiological factors on autonomic control during polygraphic studies.

Do small doses of atropine (<0.1 mg) cause bradycardia in young children?

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Eisa ◽  
Yuvesh Passi ◽  
Jerrold Lerman ◽  
Michelle Raczka ◽  
Christopher Heard
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveTo determine the heart rate response to atropine (<0.1 mg) in anaesthetised young infants.DesignProspective, observational and controlled.SettingElective surgery.PatientsSixty unpremedicated healthy infants less than 15 kg were enrolled. Standard monitoring was applied. Anaesthesia was induced by mask with nitrous oxide (66%) and oxygen (33%) followed by sevoflurane (8%).InterventionsIntravenous (IV) atropine (5 µg/kg) was flushed into a fast flowing IV. The ECG was recorded continuously from 30 s before the atropine until 5 min afterwards.Main outcome measuresThe incidence of bradycardia and arrhythmias was determined from the ECGs by a blinded observer.ResultsThe median (IQR) age was 6.5 (4–12) months and the mean (95% CI) weight was 8.6 (8.1 to 9.1) kg. The mean (95% CI) dose of atropine was 40.9 (37.3 to 44) µg. Bradycardia did not occur. Two infants developed premature atrial contractions and one developed a premature ventricular contraction. When compared with baseline values, heart rate increased by 7% 30 s after atropine, 14% 1 min after atropine and 25% 5 min after atropine. Twenty-nine infants (48%) experienced tachycardia (>20% above baseline rate) after atropine lasting 222.7 s (range 27.9–286). The change in heart rate 5 min after atropine was inversely related to the baseline heart rate.ConclusionsThe upper 95% CI for the occurrence of bradycardia in the entire population of infants based on a zero incidence in this study is 5%. These results rebut the notion that atropine <0.1 mg IV causes bradycardia in young infants.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov #NCT01819064.

scholarly journals Predictive regulation of cardiovascular system on emergence of auditory-motor interaction in young infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Shinya ◽  
Kensuke Oku ◽  
Hama Watanabe ◽  
Gentaro Taga ◽  
Shinya Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Motor Interaction

Humans develop auditory-motor interaction to produce a variety of rhythmic sounds using body movements, which are often produced and amplified with tools, such as drumming. The extended production of sounds allows us to express a wide range of emotions, accompanied by physiological changes. According to previous studies, even young infants exhibit movements in response to auditory feedback. However, their exhibition of physiological adaptation on emergence of auditory-motor interaction is unclear. We investigated the heart rate change associated with auditory feedback to spontaneous limb movements in 3-month-old infants. The results showed that, in response to the auditory feedback, infants begin to increase heart rate more selectively immediately before the timing of the feedback. Furthermore, they gradually suppress the peak intensity of the heart rate increase through auditory-motor experience. These findings suggest that emergence of auditory-motor interaction in young infants involves predictive regulation to implicitly maintain homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. The predictive regulation, which is referred to as allostasis, may contribute to the prolonged sound production and provide a developmental basis for more sophisticated goal-directed behavior of producing rhythmic sounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document