Mechanisms of the Relation between Perinatal Problems, Early Childhood Illness, and Psychopathology in Late Childhood and Adolescence

1989 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Cohen ◽  
C. Noemi Velez ◽  
Judith Brook ◽  
Jesse Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

scholarly journals Long-term cardiovascular damage in Leningrad Siege survivors

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
E. V. Moguchaia ◽  
O. P. Rotar ◽  
M. A. Boyarinova ◽  
A. S. Alieva ◽  
A. V. Orlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cerebral Lesions

Objective. To assess the prevalence of markers of preclinical vascular, kidney and brain damage in the survivors of the Leningrad Siege (SLS) in the long-term period of life, as well as to determine a possible connection with starvation in the prenatal period and early childhood.Design and methods. A prospective cohort study of 305 SLS was initiated in 2009–2011. In a control sex- and age-matched group we recruited people born in the same time period in other regions of the Soviet Union and permanently residing in Leningrad after the World War II (n = 51). At the second visit in 2013–2014, 252 residents of besieged Leningrad were examined (the response rate was 82,6 %). Blood pressure measurement and anthropometry were performed according to standard methods. The laboratory examination included the assessment of fasting glucose, lipids, and creatinine with the calculation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) according to the CKD-EPI formula. The concentration of albumin and creatinine was determined, and the albumin-creatinine ratio was calculated. All patients underwent assessment of the pulse wave velocity by the applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor, AtCor, Australia), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and ankle-brachial index (VaSera VS 1500, FukudaDenshi, Japan). For cognitive assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was used.Results. The analysis included data of 184 residents of besieged Leningrad (52 males (28,3 %) and 132 females (71,7 %), average age 74,7 years old) divided into three groups depending on the age period during the Siege: 132 people in the first group (late childhood and adolescents), 28 people in the early childhood group, 24 people in the third “intrauterine” group. The control group included 44 people: 13 males (29,5 %) and 31 females (70,5 %), average age 75,5 years old. The survivors of the besieged Leningrad showed lower anthropometric characteristics — lower weight (p = 0,005) and body mass index (p = 0,004) compared with the control group. There were no differences in the prevalence of vascular, renal and cerebral lesions. The lowest arterial stiffness according to the CAVI index was detected in the “intrauterine” group compared to early, late childhood and adolescent groups (p = 0,015). Renal dysfunction was detected only in the first group (late childhood and adolescents).Conclusions. The residents of the besieged Leningrad demonstrate low prevalence of renal dysfunction and arteriosclerosis of the large arteries and atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries, as well as preserved cognitive function. The increased arterial stiffness and decreased GFR in SLS who experienced the siege in late childhood and adolescence are most likely due to the older age.

scholarly journals Developmental changes in the structure of the social brain in late childhood and adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Mills ◽  
François Lalonde ◽  
Liv S. Clasen ◽  
Jay N. Giedd ◽  
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
The Social

Dynamic Change in Socio-Emotional Development during Childhood and Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽  
Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽  
Anastasia Ushakova ◽  
Michelle Luciano ◽  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Peer Problems

Objective: Adolescence is a crucial period in the development of psychopathology with nearly 1 in 5 adolescents suffering from a mental health disorder. In addition, more than 40 percent of adolescents with a lifetime psychiatric disorder are estimated to suffer from a co-occurring mental health disorder. Mechanisms underlying the development of comorbidities are still not well understood. Method: Graphical Vector Autoregression models were used to analyse the temporal, contemporaneous and between-person relations of socio-emotional strengths difficulties in early childhood compared to adolescence. Mental health and related socio-emotional traits were measured longitudinally at ages 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 16 in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 11279) using the subscales of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires (conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, emotional symptoms, peer problems and prosociality). Results: Results suggest that the period of adolescence is characterised by many more dynamic relations between socio-emotional difficulties than the early childhood period. In particular, the adolescence model highlights bidirectional connections between conduct problems and peer problems as well as between peer problems and emotional problems. The childhood model indicates that conduct problems and prosociality share a reciprocal relation. It further suggests peer problems as a potential mediating factor between conduct problems and emotional difficulties. Conclusion: This study emphasises that the different domains of psychosocial functioning dynamically influence each other over- and within-time. Adolescence is characterised by an increase in temporal connections reflecting the increased vulnerability to the onset of mental health problems during that period.

Assessing Children's Peer Relationships

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra J. Pepler ◽  
Wendy M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
Interactions With Peers

Peers have both positive and negative influences on children; therefore, considerable attention has focused on assessing peer relationships and friendships through childhood and adolescence. The present article provides an overview of the main methods of assessing peer relationships. The adaptive nature of children's peer relations has been assessed through four main methodologies: (1) asking the children themselves about elements of peer relations and friendships; (2) asking children about their perceptions of others within the peer group; (3) asking adults (i.e. parents and teachers) about the peer relations skills of children in their care; and (4) directly observing children during interactions with peers. Each of these approaches is described, with attention to relative strengths and weaknesses and their suitability for assessing peer relations in early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence.

scholarly journals Working memory moderates the association between early institutional care and separation anxiety symptoms in late childhood and adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alicia Alba ◽  
Jessica Flannery ◽  
Mor Shapiro ◽  
Nim Tottenham
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Morning Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractAdverse caregiving, for example, previous institutionalization (PI), is often associated with emotion dysregulation that increases anxiety risk. However, the concept of developmental multifinality predicts heterogeneity in anxiety outcomes. Despite this well-known heterogeneity, more work is needed to identify sources of this heterogeneity and how these sources interact with environmental risk to influence mental health. Here, working memory (WM) was examined during late childhood/adolescence as an intra-individual factor to mitigate the risk for separation anxiety, which is particularly susceptible to caregiving adversities. A modified “object-in-place” task was administered to 110 youths (10–17 years old), with or without a history of PI. The PI youths had elevated separation anxiety scores, which were anticorrelated with morning cortisol levels, yet there were no group differences in WM. PI youths showed significant heterogeneity in separation anxiety symptoms and morning cortisol levels, and WM moderated the link between caregiving and separation anxiety and mediated the association between separation anxiety and morning cortisol in PI youth. Findings suggest that (a) institutional care exerts divergent developmental consequences on separation anxiety versus WM, (b) WM interacts with adversity-related emotion dysregulation, and (c) WM may be a therapeutic target for separation anxiety following early caregiving adversity.

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