Presentation Rate Effects on Paired Associate Learning by Attention Deficit Disordered Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Conte ◽  
Marcel Kinsbourne ◽  
James Swanson ◽  
Harry Zirk ◽  
Marilyn Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Rate Effects

Effects of Associative Reaction Time and Meaningfulness of Stimulus Terms in Forward and Backward Paired-Associate Learning

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Ley ◽  
David Locascio
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Backward Recall ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Stimulus Recognition ◽  
Stage Analysis

48 Ss learned a list of PAs, at either a 2-sec. or 7-sec. presentation rate (PR), in which the stimulus terms were assessed on the bases of associative reaction time (RT) and meaningfulness (M). In forward anticipation learning, the effect of RT of stimulus terms was not significant but M was, with the greatest effect at the 2-sec. PR. In a backward recall test, the short-latency RT stimulus terms were recalled more frequently than the long-latency RT terms and high-M terms were recalled more frequently than low-M terms. The results were interpreted in terms of a two-stage analysis in which the effects of M were related to stimulus recognition and the effects of RT to stimulus recall.

Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Given With or Before Breakfast: I. Behavioral, Cognitive, and Electrophysiologic Effects

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
James M. Swanson ◽  
Curt A. Sandman ◽  
Curtis Deutsch ◽  
Martin Baren
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Learning Test

Methylphenidate HCl (Ritalin) is usually given for the treatment of hyperactivity or attention deficit disorder (ADD) at 30 minutes to one hour before meals. This schedule is based on the assumption that, when taken with meals, its absorption or metabolism is altered. However, no behavioral or pharmacologic data exist to support this recommendation. Eleven patients with attention deficit disorder were tested to evaluate this hypothesis using a double-blind crossover design (methylphenidate with or before breakfast) with a placebo control condition. Parents' ratings, performance on a paired-associate learning test, and cortical auditoryevoked potentials were measured. All of these measurements showed clear differences between the placebo condition and conditions when medication was given. However, none of the measurements showed a significant difference between the conditions when methylphenidate was given with breakfast and the condition when methylphenidate was given 30 minutes before breakfast.

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