Age Differences and Modality Effects in Immediate and Final Free Recall

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank N. Dempster ◽  
William D. Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Final Free Recall

Modality Effects in Delayed Free Recall and Recognition: Visual is Better than Auditory

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine G. Penney
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Echoic Memory ◽  
Input Processing ◽  
Temporal Distinctiveness ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Final Free Recall

During presentation of auditory and visual lists of words, different groups of subjects generated words that either rhymed with the presented words or that were associates. Immediately after list presentation, subjects recalled either the presented or the generated words. After presentation and test of all lists, a final free recall test and a recognition test were given. Visual presentation generally produced higher recall and recognition than did auditory presentation for both encoding conditions. The results are not consistent with explanations of modality effects in terms of echoic memory or greater temporal distinctiveness of auditory items. The results are more in line with the separate-streams hypothesis, which argues for different kinds of input processing for auditory and visual items.

Modality effects in free recall

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennet B. Murdock ◽  
Keith D. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Modality Effects

Retroactive and Proactive Inhibition in Young and Elderly Adults Using an Unpaced Modified Free Recall Test

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Traxler
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Transfer Paradigm ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anticipation Interval ◽  
Recall Procedure

The role of interference as an age-related variable in RI and PI as a function of anticipation interval and transfer paradigm was studied by employing different transfer paradigms (A-B, A-C; A-B, C-B; A-B, C-D), and by varying the anticipation interval (2 sec. or 4 sec.). 60 young ( M = 27.42 yr.) and 60 elderly adults ( M = 68.73 yr.) learned 2 lists of paired adjectives to an 8/8 criterion and then recalled the lists by means of a written modified method of free recall. Significant age differences in RI and PI were found, with the old Ss showing disproportionately more RI under the 2-sec. A-B, A-C high interference condition. Neither anticipation interval nor transfer paradigm contributed to age differences in PI. Results indicated that adult age differences in RI and PI as measured by the unpaced modified free-recall procedure essentially agree with those in RI and PI studies using relearning and paced recall tests.

Effects of Modality of Presentation on Delayed Recognition

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1203-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall W. Engle ◽  
Elizabeth D. Durban
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Free Recall Test ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Delayed Recognition

Auditorily and visually presented lists were either tested or not tested immediately after input and were later tested on a delayed recognition test. For those lists given the immediate free-recall test, auditory presentation was superior on this immediate test. On the delayed recognition test the tested lists led to higher performance than non-tested lists. For tested lists auditory presentation led to superior recognition for the terminal serial positions, while for non-tested lists visual presentation led to higher performance on the last few positions. The fact that modality of presentation had opposite effects on delayed recognition of the lists was discussed in terms of current models of modality effects.

scholarly journals Temporal encoding strategies result in boosts to final free recall performance comparable to spatial ones

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichole Bouffard ◽  
Jared Stokes ◽  
Hannah J. Kramer ◽  
Arne D. Ekstrom
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Temporal Encoding ◽  
Encoding Strategies ◽  
Final Free Recall
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