Age Differences and Modality Effects in Immediate and Final Free Recall

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank N. Dempster ◽  
William D. Rohwer
1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine G. Penney

During presentation of auditory and visual lists of words, different groups of subjects generated words that either rhymed with the presented words or that were associates. Immediately after list presentation, subjects recalled either the presented or the generated words. After presentation and test of all lists, a final free recall test and a recognition test were given. Visual presentation generally produced higher recall and recognition than did auditory presentation for both encoding conditions. The results are not consistent with explanations of modality effects in terms of echoic memory or greater temporal distinctiveness of auditory items. The results are more in line with the separate-streams hypothesis, which argues for different kinds of input processing for auditory and visual items.


1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennet B. Murdock ◽  
Keith D. Walker
Keyword(s):  

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Traxler

The role of interference as an age-related variable in RI and PI as a function of anticipation interval and transfer paradigm was studied by employing different transfer paradigms (A-B, A-C; A-B, C-B; A-B, C-D), and by varying the anticipation interval (2 sec. or 4 sec.). 60 young ( M = 27.42 yr.) and 60 elderly adults ( M = 68.73 yr.) learned 2 lists of paired adjectives to an 8/8 criterion and then recalled the lists by means of a written modified method of free recall. Significant age differences in RI and PI were found, with the old Ss showing disproportionately more RI under the 2-sec. A-B, A-C high interference condition. Neither anticipation interval nor transfer paradigm contributed to age differences in PI. Results indicated that adult age differences in RI and PI as measured by the unpaced modified free-recall procedure essentially agree with those in RI and PI studies using relearning and paced recall tests.


1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1203-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall W. Engle ◽  
Elizabeth D. Durban

Auditorily and visually presented lists were either tested or not tested immediately after input and were later tested on a delayed recognition test. For those lists given the immediate free-recall test, auditory presentation was superior on this immediate test. On the delayed recognition test the tested lists led to higher performance than non-tested lists. For tested lists auditory presentation led to superior recognition for the terminal serial positions, while for non-tested lists visual presentation led to higher performance on the last few positions. The fact that modality of presentation had opposite effects on delayed recognition of the lists was discussed in terms of current models of modality effects.


2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichole Bouffard ◽  
Jared Stokes ◽  
Hannah J. Kramer ◽  
Arne D. Ekstrom

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