On the Nature of the Visual-Cliff-Avoidance Response in Human Infants

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Rader ◽  
Mary Bausano ◽  
John E. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Visual Cliff ◽  
Human Infants

Effects of a Shaped Pattern Preference on Depth Avoidance by Human Infants in the Visual Cliff Situation

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Warnberg ◽  
John W. Somervill
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cliff ◽  
Patterned Surfaces ◽  
Deep Side ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Shaping Procedure ◽  
Pattern Preference ◽  
Shaped Pattern

19 crawling infants were presented on the visual cliff. Subsequently, a preference for a smaller checked pattern was successfully established for 10 infants in a non-depth situation where both patterns were placed directly beneath the glass. Although no infants descended to the deep side when patterned surfaces were displayed in the pretest, 5 of 10 infants who reached criterion for the shaping procedure descended to the deep side and 5 to the shallow in a posttest. Under nonpatterned conditions, a consistent preference for shallow or deep sides was not evidenced in either pretest or posttest conditions.

Cardiac Responses on the Visual Cliff in Prelocomotor Human Infants

Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 170 (3954) ◽  
pp. 196-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Campos ◽  
A. Langer ◽  
A. Krowitz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cliff ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Cardiac Responses

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

The ocular orientation of newborn human infants to visual contours

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Kessen ◽  
Philip Salapatek ◽  
Marshall M. Haith
Keyword(s):  
Human Infants

Performance of binocular and monocular infant rats on the visual cliff.

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (2, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lore ◽  
Doris Sawatski
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cliff ◽  
Infant Rats
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