The Relation between Discrimination-Shift Performance and Three Related Tasks: Some Parameters of the Kendler Model of Optional-Shift Behavior

1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Ash
Keyword(s):  
Shift Performance ◽  
Shift Behavior ◽  
Optional Shift

Performance in Intra- and Extra-Dimensional Shifts as a Function of Solution Mode in Concept-Identification Problems

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-454
Author(s):  
Barry Lowenkron
Keyword(s):  
Identification Problem ◽  
Concept Identification ◽  
Relevant Dimension ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Identification Problems ◽  
Shift Performance ◽  
Shift Behavior ◽  
Initial Concept

In an initial concept-identification problem with one relevant dimension, subjects learned to respond to 12 stimuli, 4 of which occurred only on nonoutcome trials where feedback was never provided. After criterion or 48 overtraining trials subjects were given a second problem with novel stimuli in which either the initial dimension remained relevant (intra-dimensional shift) or a new dimension became relevant (extra-dimensional shift). Behavior on nonoutcome trials was taken as an indicator of a conceptual or non-conceptual mode of learning. Performance in the two shifts varied as a function of the solution mode subjects attained, while overtraining had no effect on the shift performance of either conceptual or non-conceptual subjects.

Sex Differences in Reversal and Nonreversal Shift Acquisition

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-961
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Massad ◽  
John M. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Nonreversal Shift ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Shift Performance ◽  
Shift Behavior ◽  
Shift Analysis ◽  
Discrimination Procedure ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Main Effects

The mediational hypothesis of reversal and nonreversal shift acquisition suggests that mediational behavior is equivalent to covert verbalization and thus related to verbal ability. This coupled with the general observation that males and females manifest significant performance differences in measures of verbal fluency leads to the prediction of an interaction between sex and type of shift. 48 male and female undergraduates were tested using a simultaneous discrimination procedure with the shift manipulation occurring during the first task. A 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance yielded significant F ratios for sex, type of shift, and the interaction of sex × shift. Analysis of simple main effects showed significant comparisons between males and females on the nonreversal shift and between the reversal and nonreversal shift performance of females. These data were interpreted as supporting a mediational hypothesis of concept-shift behavior.

Effects of Preference and Dominance on Young Children's Optional Shift Performance

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Gloria J. Mayes ◽  
Jo Ann Clawson Sanders ◽  
Raymond E. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Differential Response ◽  
Initial Problem ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Mediated Learning ◽  
Dominant Dimension ◽  
Extradimensional Shift ◽  
Shift Performance ◽  
Observing Responses ◽  
Optional Shift

The relative influence of preference and dominance (cue similarity) on mediated learning and transfer in kindergarten children was investigated in an optional intradimensional-extradimensional shift paradigm. Children were initially trained with a relevant dimension which was preferred-dominant, preferred-nondominant, nonpreferred-dominant, or nonpreferred-nondominant. In stationarity analyses, all groups appeared to learn the initial problem in a mediational fashion; preference and dominance did not differentially influence type of learning. Relevance of a preferred and/or dominant dimension resulted in mediated transfer, as reflected by the preponderance of intradimensional shifts. No mediated transfer in the nonpreferred-nondominant group despite mediated learning was explained in terms of differential response strengths of the observing responses specific to relevant and irrelevant dimensions.

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