Primacy Effects in Short-Term Memory with the Mentally Retarded

The purpose of this investigation was to test the a priori assumption that three-dimensional materials facilitate short-term memory recognition in 10 educable mentally retarded children. Measures from signal detection theory were used to differentiate between strength of memory and response bias. Significantly better recognition was found with three-dimensional material than two-dimensional representations. Primacy and recency effects, as well as a response bias for middle positions, were found in both treatment conditions. Present findings support Haltom's (1970) hierarchy of stimulus salience.

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Terapi Bermain Puzzle Berpengaruh Terhadap Kemampuan Memori Jangka Pendek Anak Tunagrahita

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v4i3.4385 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 630

Author(s):

Sutinah Sutinah

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Digit Span ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Statistical Test ◽

P Value ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Mentally Retarded Children

Anak tunagrahita memiliki keterbatasan intelegensi dan ketidakcakapan dalam interaksi sosial sehingga mereka memiliki keterbatasan dalam kemampuan kognitif, verbal, motorik dan sosialisasi. Fleksibilitas yang kurang dan perkembangan sel kortikal yang lambat menyebabkan anak tunagrahita memiliki masalah dalam memori khususnya memori jangka pendek. Puzzle merupakan alat permainan edukatif yang memiliki manfaat meningkatkan daya ingat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bermain puzzle terhadap kemampuan memori jangka pendek anak tunagrahita ringan. Desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode quasy experimen dengan pengambilan sampel simple random sampling sebesar 22 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi tes digit span. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik T-berpasangan dengan signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian uji statistik menunjukkan nilai p-value= 0,000 yang artinya terdapat pengaruh terapi bermain puzzle terhadap kemampuan memori jangka pendek anak tunagrahita ringan. The children with mentally retarded have an limited intelligence and incompetence in social interactions. They are have a limitations in cognitive, verbal, motoric and socialization abilities. The Poor flexibility and slow cortical cell development causes mentally retarded children to have problems in memory, especially short-term memory. Puzzle is an educational game tool that has a benefit of improving the memory. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of puzzle play therapy on short-term memory abilities of mild mentally retarded children. The quantitative research design was use the quasy method experiment with simple random sampling in 22 respondents. The research instrument used the observation sheet of the digit span test. This study used the T-paired statistical test with a significance of 0.05. The results of the statistical test show the value of p-value=0,000, which means that there is an effect of playing puzzle therapy on short-term memory abilities of mild mentally retarded children.

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