Syntax Acquisition: Impact of Experimental Variation in Adult Verbal Interaction with the Child

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith E. Nelson ◽  
Gaye Carskaddon ◽  
John D. Bonvillian
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Syntax Acquisition

A Refined Framework for Precision and Translational Proteomics in Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Daozhen Chen ◽  
Yankai Xia ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Shi-Wen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Clinical Proteomics ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Translational Studies ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

: Most clinical related proteomic studies were aimed to screen potential biomarkers for clinical usage. However, it is known that only a few candidates could be validated in later stages. Besides clinical biomarkers, it also necessary to identify key proteins to better understand the molecular mechanism of human diseases. Here, we updated the connotations of precision and translational proteomics and proposed a refined research framework for clinical proteomics. We abstracted the framework as a three-tier system: to determine research objective and approach for achieving a certain purpose, to choose the appropriate methods for optimal results, and to apply standardized experimental procedure for reliable and reproducible results. Started from the initial discovery stage, we divided the following proteomics-driven translational studies into two directions: biomarker screening and mechanism investigation. We also discussed possible causes that may lead to high rates of experimental variation and low rates of follow-up validation. Moreover, we pointed out that the main bottlenecks for the identification of effective targets are data interpretation and statistical inference. Finally, we emphasized that the transparency of experimental design and results can help to ensure data quality. Conclusively, the refined framework provides constructive recommendations and comprehensive guides for designing and performing clinical related proteomic studies with the aim of obtaining reliable and reproducible results. It can also help to further promote the standardization and integration of proteomic studies.

scholarly journals On the Relevance of Volumetric Energy Density in the Investigation of Inconel 718 Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia Caiazzo ◽  
Vittorio Alfieri ◽  
Giuseppe Casalino
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Fractional Density ◽  
Experimental Variation

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can fabricate products with tailored mechanical and surface properties. In fact, surface texture, roughness, pore size, the resulting fractional density, and microhardness highly depend on the processing conditions, which are very difficult to deal with. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the relevance of the volumetric energy density (VED) that is a concise index of some governing factors with a potential operational use. This paper proves the fact that the observed experimental variation in the surface roughness, number and size of pores, the fractional density, and Vickers hardness can be explained in terms of VED that can help the investigator in dealing with several process parameters at once.

scholarly journals Using Payroll Tax Variation to Unpack the Black Box of Firm-Level Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Benzarti ◽  
Jarkko Harju
Keyword(s):  
Black Box ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Payroll Tax ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
Input Factor ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Level Production

Abstract This paper uses quasi-experimental variation in payroll tax rates in Finland to investigate how firms use their input factors. We find that higher payroll tax rates lead to large employment responses and have no effects on employee-level earnings. As payroll taxes increase, firms substitute away from low-skilled, routine and manual workers. Higher firm-level payroll tax rates also slightly decrease the total output of firms. Our results imply that firm-level production and input factor choices are clearly affected by payroll taxes.

Neurophysiological preconditions of syntax acquisition

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela D. Friederici ◽  
Regine Oberecker ◽  
Jens Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Syntax Acquisition
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