Carriers. Federal Regulation. Invalidating Contract for Free Transportation. Recovery of Contract Price. New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company, Plff. in Err., v. Charles P. Gray, 36 Sup. Ct. Rep. 176

1916 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 943
2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani

In the first half of the 19th century scientific philosophers in the United States, such as Emerson and Thoreau, began to pursue the relationship between man and nature. Painters from the Hudson River School discovered the rural spaces to the north of New York and began to celebrate the American landscape in their paintings. In many places at this time garden societies were founded, which generated widespread support for the creation of park enclosures While the first such were cemeteries with the character of parks, housing developments on the peripheries of towns were later set in generous park landscapes. However, the centres of the growing American cities also need green spaces and the so-called «park movement»reached a first high point with New York's Central Park. It was not only an experimental field for modern urban elements, but even today is a force of social cohesion.


1910 ◽  
Vol 181 (1910) ◽  
pp. 223-243
Author(s):  
J C INGLIS ◽  
C M JACOBS ◽  
E W MOIR ◽  
G W M BOYCOTT ◽  
H H D HAY ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Preston D. Vineyard ◽  
Brad J. Pease ◽  
Don Bergman ◽  
Armin Schemmann ◽  
Jacob E. Andersen ◽  
...  

<p>The Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge has replaced the existing Tappan Zee Bridge in New York. The new bridge was built by Tappan Zee Constructors, LLC. and is owned and operated by the New York State Thruway Authority (NYSTA). The new bridge is a 3.1 mile long crossing of the Hudson River and has an iconic main span structure, consisting of twin cable-stayed bridges, with 1,200’ main spans and 515’ side spans. Each new bridge carries four traffic lanes and the new crossing has been designed to accommodate the future addition of a rail bridge between the roadway decks. Utilizing a probabilistic-based service life design approach, the new bridge has been designed for a minimum 100-year service life before major maintenance for non- replaceable components, such as the foundations, sub-and superstructures. This paper provides the design features of the main span bridge and describes the design solutions, such as the use of fib Bulletin No. 34 to address the Service Life Design of the concrete components to address the durability challenges of this world- class project.</p>


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