Virginia State Corporation Commission. Alexandria. Commonwealth of Virginia, at the Relation of the State Corporation Commission v. Washington, Alexandria & Mount Vernon Railway Company. February 9, 1905

Development institutions are an important modern instrument of government regulation of the economy in all developed countries. The system of development institutions of the Russian Federation includes the federal and regional development institutions. Key federal development institutions include such well-known state corporations as the investment fund of the Russian Federation; the State Corporation "Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Activity (Vnesheconombank)"; the state corporation "Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies," etc. According to experts of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, about 200 regional development institutions operate on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The objectives of this extensive system of development institutions so far have been to overcome the so-called "market failures," which cannot be optimally realized by the market mechanisms, and to promote the sustained economic growth of a country or an individual region. In November 2020, the Government of the Russian Federation announced the reform of the system of development institutions in the country. The article analyzes the goals and main directions of the announced reform. On the example of the system of development institutions of the Far East, an attempt was made to assess its possible consequences.

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Profit as a key motive and the resulting indicator of the activity of state corporations

10.33983/2075-1826-2021-1-42-49 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

M.V. Dubrova

Keyword(s):

Economic Activity ◽

The State ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Project Financing ◽

State Development ◽

Non Profit ◽

Priority Areas ◽

The World ◽

Development Institutions ◽

State Corporation

Development institutions are becoming the most important tools for regulating economic activity both in Russia and in the world, through the implementation of social projects, the accumulation of financial resources and their direction to the priority areas of state development. The purpose of the study is to study the financial results of state corporations, in particular development institutions, and their role in providing project financing. The proposed article provides an assessment of the profit of the state corporation «Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Activity» (GC «Vnesheconombank»), emphasizes the specifics of the state corporation as a non-profit organization, and provides recommendations for improving the efficiency of the financial activities of the GC «Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Activity».

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Le armi dotte e la Rivoluzione francese: riformismo, elitismo e meritocrazia

SOCIETÀ E STORIA ◽

10.3280/ss2012-135003 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 41-63

Author(s):

Lorenzo Cuccoli

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Public Services ◽

The State ◽

Constituent Assembly ◽

State Corporation ◽

The Creation ◽

École Polytechnique ◽

The Military ◽

The Revolution

The article focuses on the evolution of the military technical corps in France between the mid-Eighteenth century and the Restoration, and proposes for them the notion of "State corporation". This phase - an intermediate one between the corps de métier and the corps d'État - was attained first by the engineers and the artillery. These corps selected their officers by competitive examination, which functioned both as an intellectual filter and a social one. The distinction generated by this filter - nurtured by an elitist approach based on meritocracy was not overridden by the Revolution. On the contrary, it was further consecrated by the creation of the École polytechnique, which soon became controlled by the military technical corps. The "State corporation" model was then extended through the École polytechnique to the geographical engineers and the civil public services. The institutional conflicts among the technical corps during the National Constituent Assembly and those between them and the École polytechnique (1794-1799) are analyzed along these interpretative lines. While the former show their corporative resistance of geographical engineers in the name of equality, the latter bring out their corporative resistance to external education of candidates.

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Taxation, Trust, and Government Debt: State-Elite Relations in Sichuan, 1850–1911

Modern China ◽

10.1177/0097700418796178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 239-294

Author(s):

Elisabeth Kaske

Keyword(s):

Public Debt ◽

Government Debt ◽

The State ◽

Local State ◽

The Public ◽

Railway Company ◽

The Qing Dynasty ◽

State Elite ◽

The 1911 Revolution ◽

Relationship Of

This article explores the shifting relationship between the state and the rural elites in Sichuan during the last decades of the Qing dynasty through the lens of taxation and public debt by using a creditor-debtor model as a theoretical framework. Sichuan’s unique rewarded land tax surcharge, called the “Contribution” and levied since 1864, established a relationship of symbolic and economic indebtedness of the imperial and local state to the taxpayer. Western-inspired reforms after 1898 directly attacked the symbolic and economic bonds established by the Contribution. The Railway Rent Share tax shifted the creditor-debtor relationship from the state to the public Sichuan-Hankou Railway Company by making individual taxpayers into shareholders. When Beijing eventually banned what it saw as a privatization of taxation and decided to nationalize the railway company, this ignited the Railway Protection Movement, which precipitated the 1911 Revolution in Sichuan.

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