Contracts of Employment. Uncertainty of Consideration. Damages

1916 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 640
Keyword(s):  
Employment Uncertainty

Supporting early career researchers: insights from interdisciplinary marine scientists

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan J Andrews ◽  
Sarah Harper ◽  
Tim Cashion ◽  
Juliano Palacios-Abrantes ◽  
Jessica Blythe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Supervisory Support ◽  
Steep Learning Curve ◽  
Policy Delphi ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Employment Uncertainty ◽  
Mental Health Support

Abstract The immense challenges associated with realizing ocean and coastal sustainability require highly skilled interdisciplinary marine scientists. However, the barriers experienced by early career researchers (ECRs) seeking to address these challenges, and the support required to overcome those barriers, are not well understood. This study examines the perspectives of ECRs on opportunities to build interdisciplinary research capacity in marine science. We engaged 23 current and former graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in a policy Delphi method with three rounds of surveying that included semi-structured questionnaires and q-methodology. We identified the following five barriers that limit ECRs’ capacity for interdisciplinary research: (i) demanding workloads; (ii) stress linked to funding, publishing, and employment uncertainty; (iii) limited support for balancing personal and professional commitments; (iv) ineffective supervisory support; and (v) the steep learning curve associated with interdisciplinary research. Our analysis highlights three main types of responses to these barriers adopted by ECRs, including “taking on too much”, “coping effectively”, and “maintaining material wellbeing at any cost”. To overcome these barriers, we propose the following three institutional actions to build early career interdisciplinary researcher capacity: formalize mentorship, create interdisciplinary research groups, and mainstream mental health support.

scholarly journals School Closures in Chicago: What Happened to the Teachers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-353
Author(s):  
Helen Lee ◽  
Lauren Sartain
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Effective Teachers ◽  
Black Teachers ◽  
Board Of Education ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Employment Uncertainty ◽  
Market Consequences

In 2013, the Chicago Board of Education closed 47 elementary schools, directly affecting 13,000 students and 900 teachers. The closures created employment uncertainty for closed-school teachers, and this article investigates the labor market consequences for teachers. We employ a difference-in-differences approach that compares the exit rates of closed-school teachers with teachers in schools that only experienced threat of closure. We estimate that the closures resulted in a near doubling of teacher exit among teachers in closed schools, particularly among low-performing teachers. We also find that, among closed-school teachers, Black teachers were more likely to return than White teachers. Given the nationwide trend of school closures for budgetary or performance reasons, this article has implications for strategic retention of effective teachers.

Mindfulness as a Coping Mechanism for Employment Uncertainty

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharona J. Jacobs ◽  
David L. Blustein
Keyword(s):  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Employment Uncertainty

Harmonic Dissonance: Coping with Employment Precarity among Professional Musicians in St John’s, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chafe ◽  
Lisa Kaida
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Career Commitment ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Career Longevity ◽  
Employment Insecurity ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Employment Uncertainty

Precarious employment literature has addressed a myriad of occupations increasingly characterized by employment uncertainty and reduced commitment between workers and employers due to short-term contracts and self-employment, with particular attention given to creative industries and the gig economy in recent years. The authors argue that research on creative industries also requires consideration of the role of place in the experience of employment insecurity and career commitment. This article focuses on self-employed musicians in the mid-sized city of St John’s, Canada. Interviews with 54 musicians draw attention to coping strategies for long periods of low pay and employment insecurity. These strategies include downplaying competition and conflict, acquiring higher education and changing career. It is argued that population size and location of the community where work is based have implications on such coping strategies and on career longevity.

scholarly journals Employment Uncertainty and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic Initial Social Distancing Implementation: a Cross-national Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ruffolo ◽  
Daicia Price ◽  
Mariyana Schoultz ◽  
Janni Leung ◽  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Health Distress ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Employment Uncertainty ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Background Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in the work environment and employment uncertainty. This paper reports on a cross-national comparison of four countries (Norway, UK, USA and Australia) and examines the differences in mental health between those individuals employed and those not employed during the social distancing implementation. Methods Participants (N = 3,810) were recruited through social media in April/May 2020 and were invited to complete a self-administered electronic survey over a 3-week period. Differences between those employed and those not employed with regard to their sociodemographic characteristics and mental health were investigated with chi-square tests, independent t tests, and one-way analysis of variances (ANOVAs). Results Compared with their counterparts, participants who were employed reported lower levels of mental health distress (p < 0.001), higher levels of psychosocial well-being (p < 0.001), better overall quality of life (p < 0.001), and lower levels of overall loneliness, social loneliness, and emotional loneliness (p < 0.001). Small to medium but consistent differences (Cohen’s d = 0.23–0.67) in mental health favor those with employment or those who were retired. Conclusion Further study is needed to assess mental health over time as the COVID-19 pandemic and employment uncertainty continues.

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