Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Hann
Keyword(s):  
American Southwest ◽  
Native People ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Spanish Missions ◽  
Spanish Florida ◽  
American Southeast ◽  
Comprehensive Listing ◽  
A Site ◽  
Recent Monograph ◽  
Tribal Affiliation

The early European presence in California and in the American Southwest in general is identified with missions. Although missions were equally important in Spanish Florida and at an earlier date, the average American does not associate missions with Florida or Georgia. Indeed, as David Hurst Thomas observed in a recent monograph on the archaeological exploration of a site of the Franciscan mission of Santa Catalina de Guale on Georgia's St. Catherines Island, the numerous missions of Spanish Florida have remained little known even in scholarly circles. And as Charles Hudson has noted, this ignorance or amnesia has extended to awareness of the native peoples who inhabited those Southeastern missions or were in contact with them, even though these aboriginal inhabitants of the Southeast “possessed the richest culture of any of the native people north of Mexico … by almost any measure.” Fortunately, as Thomas remarked in the above-mentioned monograph, “a new wave of interest in mission archaeology is sweeping the American Southeast.” This recent and ongoing work holds the promise of having a more lasting impact than its historical counterpart of a half-century or so ago in the work of Herbert E. Bolton, Fr. Maynard Geiger, OFM, Mary Ross, and John Tate Lanning. Over the fifty odd years since Lanning's Spanish Missions of Georgia appeared, historians and archaeologists have made significant contributions to knowledge about sites in Spanish Florida where missions or mission outstations and forts or European settlements were established. But to date no one has compiled a comprehensive listing from a historian's perspective of the mission sites among them to which one may turn for the total number of such establishments, their general location, time of foundation, length of occupation, moving, circumstances of their demise and the tribal affiliation of the natives whom they served. This catalog and its sketches attempt to meet that need.

scholarly journals Regional Variation in the Pattern of Maize Adoption and Use in Florida and Georgia

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Hutchinson ◽  
Clark Spencer Larsen ◽  
Margaret J. Schoeninger ◽  
Lynette Norr
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Spanish Missions ◽  
Spanish Florida ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
Adaptive Shifts

Dietary reconstruction using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes from archaeological human bone samples from coastal Georgia and northern and Gulf Coast Florida dating between 400 B.C. and A.D. 1700 serves to illustrate the complexity of the agricultural transition in that region. Isotope analysis of 185 collagen samples drawn from early prehistoric, late prehistoric, and contact-period mortuary sites encompasses two major adaptive shifts in the region, namely the adoption of maize agriculture in late prehistory and the increased emphasis on maize during the mission period. Prior to European contact—and especially before the establishment of Spanish missions among the Guale, Yamasee, Timucua, and Apalachee tribal groups—diet was strongly influenced by local environmental factors. Before contact, coastal and inland populations had different patterns of food consumption, as did populations living in Georgia and Florida. Coastal populations consumed more marine and less terrestrial foods than inland populations. In general, maize was adopted during the eleventh century A.D. by virtually all Georgia populations. However, with the exception of the Lake Jackson site, a major Mississippian center in northern Florida, Florida populations show little use of maize before contact. Following European contact, maize became wide-spread, regardless of location or habitat within the broad region of Spanish Florida. Missionization appears to have been an important factor in the convergence of native diets toward agriculture and away from foraging. This increased emphasis on maize contributed to a decline in quality of life for native populations.

scholarly journals Placing Refuge and the Archaeology of Indigenous Hinterlands in Colonial California

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsim D. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Native People ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Spanish Missions ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Colonial California ◽  
Economic Choices

Indigenous negotiations of European colonialism in North America are more complex than models of domination and resistance reveal. Indigenous people—acting according to their own historically and culturally specific ways of knowing and being in the world—developed strategies for remaking their identities, material choices, and social configurations to survive one or multiple phases of colonization. Archaeologists are making strides in documenting the contingencies and consequences of these strategies, yet their focus is often skewed toward sites of contact and colonialism (e.g., missions and forts). This article examines places of refuge for native people navigating colonial programs in the San Francisco Bay area of California. I use a resistance-memory-refuge framework to reevaluate resistance to Spanish missions, including the possible reoccupation of landscapes by fugitive orfurloughed Indians. Commemorative trips to shellmounds and other refuges support the concept of an indigenous hinterland, or landscapes that, in time, provided contexts for continuity and adjustment among Indian communities making social, material, and economic choices in the wake ofmissionization. By viewing colonialism from the outside in, this reoriented approach can potentially enhance connections between archaeological and Native American communities.

Terramechanics Modeling of Mars Surface Exploration Rovers for Simulation and Parameter Estimation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Iagnemma ◽  
Carmine Senatore ◽  
Brian Trease ◽  
Raymond Arvidson ◽  
Keith Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Parameters ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Mobility Modeling ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Surface Exploration ◽  
Terrain Parameters ◽  
A Site ◽  
Surface Geology

In 1997 and 2004, small wheeled robots (“rovers”) landed on the surface of Mars to conduct scientific experiments focused on understanding the planet’s climate history, surface geology, and potential for past or present life. Recently, the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) “Spirit” became deeply embedded in regolith at a site called Troy, ending its mission as a mobile science platform. The difficulty faced in navigating mobile robots over sloped, rocky, and deformable terrain has highlighted the importance of developing accurate simulation tools for use in a predictive mobility modeling capacity. These simulation tools require accurate knowledge of terrain model parameters. This paper describes a terramechanics-based tool for simulation of rover mobility. It also describes ongoing work toward estimation of terrain parameters of Mars soil.

scholarly journals To Visit and to Cut Down: Tourism, Forestry, and the Social Construction of Nature in Twentieth-Century Northeastern Ontario

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-357
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Native People ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Construction Of Nature ◽  
A Site ◽  
Historical Forest

Abstract This paper relies on the insights of social nature scholarship to trace the historical forest conservationist and tourism discourses through which Temagami, Ontario, became famous as a site of wild forest nature. The discursive practices associated with Temagami tourism and forest conservation in the early twentieth century did not merely reflect a self-evident wilderness, but rather constituted the region as a wild place for non-Native people both to visit and to extract for profit. The social construction of Temagami wilderness came to appear natural through the erasure of the Teme-Augama Anishnabai’s claim to the Temagami region, an erasure that persisted in environmentalists’ struggle to “save” the Temagami wilderness in the late 1980s. Revealing the histories and power relationships embedded in wilderness is part of the struggle toward greater justice.

scholarly journals The Intersubjective Ethic of Julieta Paredes’ Poetic

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 237-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Daly
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Activist Group ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
A Site

This paper explores the ways in which the feminist activist group Mujeres Creando’s contemporary urban street performances and Julieta Paredes‘ poetry catalyze discussions around intersubjective ethics in the Andes. First, I discuss subjectivity as suspended in the inextricable space between embodiment and textuality, between the physical attributes of breathing bodies and the subsequent categorization of them in language and texts. Second, I argue that Mujeres Creando's and Paredes’ emphasis on the body as a site of active resistance to social norms contributes to the creation of what Emmanuel Levinas calls a “living poetic.“ This living, embodied poetic is less about producing a frozen "said," fixed in language than about creating  a breathing, moving "saying", as is perpetuated through spoken dialogue. The necessity for an ethical poetic emerges out of colonial conditions that have created definitions of the human and the “less than” or “other than,” often based on superficial physical categorizations. Ultimately, through their ongoing work, Mujeres Creando and Julieta Paredes expand the potential for a more inclusive community based upon mutual responsibility and respect for the self and other, regardless of race, gender, or sexuality. Este trabajo explora los modos en que la poesía de Julieta Paredes y los performances callejeros del colectivo feminista Mujeres Creando catalizan discusiones en torno a una ética intersubjetiva en los Andes. Comienzo discutiendo la subjetividad como situada en el inextricable espacio entre la corporeización y la textualidad, entre las cualidades físicas de cuerpos que respiran y su subsecuente categorización en lengua y textos. En segundo lugar, sostengo que el énfasis que Mujeres Creando y Paredes ponen en el “cuerpo” como sitio de resistencia activa a la normatividad social, contribuye a la creación de lo que Emmanuel Levinas llama una “poética viva”.Se trata de una poética menos interesada en producir un decir congelado, fijado en el lenguaje, que en crear un decir que respira, que se mueve, conforme es perpetuado a través del diálogo hablado. De aquí la necesidad de una ética poética, que emerge de las condiciones coloniales que han creado definiciones del ser humano y el “menos que” o “distinto a” que a menudo se basan en clasificaciones físicas superficiales. En última instancia, mostraré que a través de su trabajo, Mujeres Creando y Julieta Paredes amplían el potencial de una comunidad más inclusiva basada en la responsabilidad y el respeto mutuo, sin importar la raza, el sexo, o la sexualidad. 

Some Additional Observations on California's Monterey Tradition

1987 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
David Gebhard
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Caribbean Area ◽  
American Southeast ◽  
The Caribbean

Between the years 1834 and 1850, California experienced the construction of a group of two-story porched or cantilevered balcony adobes, which eventually came to be labeled as the Monterey style. The first cluster of these Monterey adobes was built in the mid-1830s. The earliest of these, by a matter of months, was the Alpheus B. Thompson adobe (1834-1836) in Santa Barbara. Others, including the often-discussed Thomas Oliver Larkin adobe (1834-1837), were scattered throughout much of the length of coastal California. These California Monterey style adobes not only represent a commingling of Hispanic and Anglo architectural traditions, but their specific porched and balconied forms were clearly related to English, French, Spanish, and American two-story dwellings built in the Caribbean area, in the American Southeast, in the lower Mississippi Delta, and in the American Southwest of Texas and New Mexico.

Eels Under Standing Wave Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 492-495
Author(s):  
O.L. Krivanek ◽  
J. TaftØ
Keyword(s):  
Standing Wave ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Site ◽  
Complex Crystal

It is well known that a standing electron wavefield can be set up in a crystal such that its intensity peaks at the atomic sites or between the sites or in the case of more complex crystal, at one or another type of a site. The effect is usually referred to as channelling but this term is not entirely appropriate; by analogy with the more established particle channelling, electrons would have to be described as channelling either through the channels or through the channel walls, depending on the diffraction conditions.

Head Size and DNA Content in Bacteriophage T4

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Fred Eiserling ◽  
A. H. Doermann ◽  
Linde Boehner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Bacteriophage T4 ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Altered Protein ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
A Site ◽  
Protein Shell

The control of form or shape inheritance can be approached by studying the morphogenesis of bacterial viruses. Shape variants of bacteriophage T4 with altered protein shell (capsid) size and nucleic acid (DNA) content have been found by electron microscopy, and a mutant (E920g in gene 66) controlling head size has been described. This mutant produces short-headed particles which contain 2/3 the normal DNA content and which are non-viable when only one particle infects a cell (Fig. 1).We report here the isolation of a new mutant (191c) which also appears to be in gene 66 but at a site distinct from E920g. The most striking phenotype of the mutant is the production of about 10% of the phage yield as “giant” virus particles, from 3 to 8 times longer than normal phage (Fig. 2).

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