scholarly journals Gut-content analysis of predatory phytoseiid mites using fluorescent-labeled polymerase chain reaction: age of spider-mite eggs influences detection rates

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Norihide HINOMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Gut Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Predatory Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Mite Eggs

scholarly journals Carbapenemase Production and Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Western Chongqing, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Huang ◽  
Jisheng Zhang ◽  
Lingyi Zeng ◽  
Chengru Yang ◽  
Lining Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates in a hospital in western Chongqing, southwestern China.MethodsA total of 127 unique CRKP isolates were collected from the Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, identified using a VITEK-2 compact system, and subjected to microbroth dilution to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration. Enterobacteriaceae intergenic repeat consensus polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing were used to analyze the homology among the isolates. Genetic information, including resistance and virulence genes, was assessed using polymerase chain reaction. The genomic features of the CRKP carrying gene blaKPC-2 were detected using whole-genome sequencing.ResultsST11 was the dominant sequence type in the homology comparison. The resistance rate to ceftazidime-avibactam in children was much higher than that in adults as was the detection rate of the resistance gene blaNDM (p < 0.0001). Virulence genes such as mrkD (97.6%), uge (96.9%), kpn (96.9%), and fim-H (84.3%) had high detection rates. IncF (57.5%) was the major replicon plasmid detected, and sequencing showed that the CRKP063 genome contained two plasmids. The plasmid carrying blaKPC-2, which mediates carbapenem resistance, was located on the 359,625 base pair plasmid IncFII, together with virulence factors, plasmid replication protein (rep B), stabilizing protein (par A), and type IV secretion system (T4SS) proteins that mediate plasmid conjugation transfer.ConclusionOur study aids in understanding the prevalence of CRKP in this hospital and the significant differences between children and adults, thus providing new ideas for clinical empirical use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infection and Respiratory Pathogen Isolation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xifeng Tang ◽  
Ge Dai ◽  
Xiaohui Jiang ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Huiming Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: We sought to compare the clinical characteristics of pediatric respiratory tract infection and respiratory pathogen isolations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to those of cases in 2018 and 2019.Methods: Our study included all children from 28 days to 15 years old with respiratory tract infections who were admitted to the Department of Respiration, in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, between January 2018 and December 2020. Human rhinovirus (HRV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and human bocavirus (HBoV) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); In parallel, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and bacteria were detected by culture in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage specimen, and pleural fluid.Results: Compared to 2018 and 2019, the pathogen detection rate was significantly lower in 2020. With regard to infections caused by single pathogens, in 2020, the detection rates of MP were the lowest and those of HRV were the highest when compared to those in 2018 and 2019. Meanwhile, the positive rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and hMPV reported in 2020 were less than those recorded in 2018 but similar to those recorded in 2019. Also, the 2020 rate of adenovirus (ADV) was lower than that recorded in 2019, but similar to that recorded in 2018. There were no statistical differences in the positive rates of HBoV and PIV III over the 3 years surveyed. Infections in infants were significantly less common in 2020, but no significant difference was found among children aged 1 to 3 years. The detection rate of pathogens in children old than 5 years in 2020 was significantly lower than those recorded in the previous 2 years. Notably, the pathogen detection rates in the first and second quarters of 2020 were similar to those recorded in the previous 2 years; however, the rates were reduced in the third and fourth quarters of 2020. As for co-infections, the positive rate was at its lowest in 2020. In the previous 2 years, viral–MP was the most common type of mixed infection. By contrast, in 2020, viral–viral infections were the most common combination.Conclusion: The pathogen detection rate was significantly reduced in Suzhou City during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public interventions may help to prevent respiratory pathogen infections in children.

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus:Impact on Nosocomial Transmission and Costs

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1134-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Conterno ◽  
J. Shymanski ◽  
K. Ramotar ◽  
B. Toye ◽  
C. van Walraven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Objectives.To assess the impact of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) on nosocomial transmission and costs.Design.Monthly MRSA detection rates were measured from April 1, 2000, through December 31, 2005. Time series analysis was used to identify changes in MRSA detection rates, and decision analysis was used to compare the costs of detection by PCR and by culture.Setting.A 1,200-bed, tertiary care hospital in Canada.Patients.Admitted patients at high risk for MRSA colonization. MRSA detection using culture-based screening was compared with a commercial PCR assay.Results.The mean monthly incidence of nosocomial MRSA colonization or infection was 0.37 cases per 1,000 patient-days. The time-series model indicated an insignificant decrease of 0.14 cases per 1,000 patient-days per month (95% confidence interval, —0.18 to 0.46) after the introduction of PCR detection (P= .39). The mean interval from a reported positive result until contact precautions were initiated decreased from 3.8 to 1.6 days (P<.001). However, the cost of MRSA control increased from Can$605,034 to Can$771,609. Of 290 PCR-positive patients, 120 (41.4%) were placed under contact precautions unnecessarily because of low specificity of the PCR assay used in the study; these patients contributed 37% of the increased cost. The modeling study predicted that the cost per patient would be higher with detection by PCR (Can$96) than by culture (Can$67).Conclusion.Detection of MRSA by the PCR assay evaluated in this study was more costly than detection by culture for reducing MRSA transmission in our hospital. The cost benefit of screening by PCR varies according to incidences of MRSA colonization and infection, the predictive values of the assay used, and rates of compliance with infection control measures.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Bacterial Etiologies Causing Otitis Media with Effusion among Omani Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Sibani
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Ear Effusion ◽  
Children Under 5

Objectives Our main objective was to determine the prevalence of bacterial etiologies of Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) among Omani children as well as to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility to penicillins. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 28 Omani children under 5 years of age with OME. The Middle Ear Effusion (MEE) was sent for direct culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Out of 38 MEE, 8(21.1%) showed growth on direct culture. The majority of bacteria were sensitive to penicillin. 17 (44.7%) samples were positive using PCR with 5 (29.4%) of them had more than one positive pathogen. The detection rates for H. Influenzae, M. catarrhalis and S. pnemoniae were 31.6%, 18.4% and 10.5% respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of bacteria causing otitis media with effusion among Omani children was not different than the rates reported worldwide however the order of the most common ones differs slightly. Keywords: Otitis media with effusion; Bacteria; Polymerase Chain Reaction.

scholarly journals Detection of Bracken Gene in Gut Content Using a Polymerase Chain Reaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-459
Author(s):  
Takeshi KAMIYOSHI ◽  
Rie KOZAKURA ◽  
Tomoe OKABE ◽  
Tadashi TSUBOKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Detection Rates of Trichomonas vaginalis, in Different Age Groups, Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo M. Stemmer ◽  
Martin E. Adelson ◽  
Jason P. Trama ◽  
M. Tevfik Dorak ◽  
Eli Mordechai
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Polymerase Chain

High performance Nanogold™-in situ hybridzation and its use in the detection of hybridized and PCR-amplified microscopical preparations

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
G. W. Hacker ◽  
I. Zehbe ◽  
J. Hainfeld ◽  
A.-H. Graf ◽  
C. Hauser-Kronberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin-labeled probes is increasingly used in histology, histopathology and molecular biology, to detect genetic nucleic acid sequences of interest, such as viruses, genetic alterations and peptide-/protein-encoding messenger RNA (mRNA). In situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR in situ hybridization = PISH) and the new in situ self-sustained sequence replication-based amplification (3SR) method even allow the detection of single copies of DNA or RNA in cytological and histological material. However, there is a number of considerable problems with the in situ PCR methods available today: False positives due to mis-priming of DNA breakdown products contained in several types of cells causing non-specific incorporation of label in direct methods, and re-diffusion artefacts of amplicons into previously negative cells have been observed. To avoid these problems, super-sensitive ISH procedures can be used, and it is well known that the sensitivity and outcome of these methods partially depend on the detection system used.

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