scholarly journals Who are the victims of peer violence?

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-168
Author(s):  
Tanja Nedimovic ◽  
Miklos Biro
Keyword(s):  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Peer Violence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Criterion Variables

Peer violence is a very current problem in schools. There are plenty of studies on the characteristics of perpetrators, while the characteristics of victims have been explored much less frequently. This research was aimed at determining the factors from the domain of upbringing and socio-demographic characteristics of the victims that contribute to the exposure to peer violence. The total sample comprised 504 primary school students. In order to determine the effect of victimological factors, hierarchical regression analysis was performed. The data obtained by the Questionnaire measuring the manifestation forms and frequency of peer violence were processed by factor analysis, which yielded the following three factors of exposure to peer violence: direct, manipulative and social. Factor scores on these factors were used as criterion variables. In the first step, the variable of gender was entered into the regression, the second set included three socio-demographic variables, and the third set of variables comprised parental upbringing styles and violent behavior in the family. The cold upbringing style of the mother was identified as an important predictor for the exposure to direct peer violence; for the exposure to manipulative peer violence - the cold upbringing attitude of the father and mother; and for the exposure to social peer violence - gender (female) and the cold upbringing attitude of the father. The results are discussed in the context of pedagogical implications of the research, i.e. the guidelines for designing prevention programmes in schools focused on enhancing parental educational competences and students? social skills.

scholarly journals A study on the positive psychological capital of adolescents: Focusing on parent-adolescent conversation time and open communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Ara Choi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Positive Psychological Capital ◽  
Significant Difference

This study examined the influences of demographic variables, parent-adolescent conversation time, and open communication on the positive psychological capital of adolescents. The data were collected from 243 middle school students living in Gwangju from December 23, 2019, to January 3, 2020. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The results can be summarized as follows. First, with economic condition, academic achievement, parent-adolescent conversation time, and open communication, positive psychological capital showed significant difference statistically. Second, father-adolescent open communication best explained positive psychological capital, followed by academic achievement, and motheradolescent open communication. The results highlight the important roles played by parent-adolescent open communication and academic achievement in improving adolescents’positive psychological capital. The study contributes to the literature by providing fundamental insights into adolescents’positive psychological capital.

scholarly journals Family roles of father and mother in the families in the process of transition

2009 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Jelica Petrovic ◽  
Ivana Mihic ◽  
Marija Zotovic ◽  
Nila Kapor-Stanulovic
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
The Family

The goal of the research was to establish the relation between the family type (traditional/egalitarian) and certain socio-demographic variables, which represents a part of a broader research project which studied the problems of family at the time of transition. The sample of the research consisted of secondary school students from the territory of Vojvodina. The research included 561 respondents with the average age of 16. On the basis of everyday activities of mother and father, families included in the research were classified in the following way: 77,4% of the traditional and 22,6% of egalitarian families. In this paper the authors discuss education and occupation of parents, place of residence and the estimated financial situation of the family as correlates of the family roles of mother and father, that is the type of family.

Correlations for Perceived Family Environmental Factors with Substance Use among Adolescents in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Madu ◽  
M. P. Matla
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Family

Perceived family environmental factors were used to predict self-reported use of substances (drugs or alcohol) among adolescents in South Africa. 435 high school students (ages 15 to 19 years, M = 17.2 yr., SD = 1.34) answered a questionnaire which included questions on demographic variables, the Family Environmental Scale, and questions on substances used (drugs or alcohol). Logistic regression analysis indicated that scores on family conflict and low family moral-religious emphasis were significantly associated with drug use (57.9% of the variance was accounted for) and use of alcohol (62.3% of the variance was accounted for). Programmes for the reduction of substance use among adolescents should include activities designed to reduce family conflict and strengthen family moral-religious emphasis.

Investigating the relationship between social support and school burnout in Turkish middle school students: The mediating role of hope

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdi Gungor
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Burnout ◽  
The Relationship

The literature has documented the relationships between school burnout and mental health, academic achievement, and overall quality of life. Furthermore, hope and social support have been identified as important factors for coping with stress and have been found to be negatively related to undesirable emotional states. The present study aimed to examine the effects of demographic variables, social support, and hope on school burnout in Turkish middle school students. More importantly, hope was investigated as a possible mediator of the relationship between social support and school burnout. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate the effects of social support and hope on school burnout. Additionally, a bootstrapping procedure was employed to test mediational effects of hope on the effects of social support. The results revealed that, after controlling demographic variables, social support and hope negatively predicted school burnout. Mediation analyses showed that hope significantly and partially mediated the link between social support and school burnout. Specifically, students with higher levels of social support reported having higher levels of hope, which in turn was associated with lower levels of school burnout. The results and limitations are discussed along with implications for future research and educational planning.

Loneliness With Regard to Maternal and Paternal Acceptance-Rejection and Sibling Relationship Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Ulu-Yalçınkaya ◽  
Ayhan Demir
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
School Type ◽  
School Students ◽  
Sibling Relationship Quality ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Paternal Acceptance

The aim of the study was to predict loneliness with regard to parental acceptance-rejection and sibling relationship quality after controlling for gender, age, grade, school type, field of study, birth order, and number of siblings. The UCLA Loneliness Scale, Maternal and Paternal Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, and Sibling Relationship Questionnaire were administered to 1,451 high school students, and multiple hierarchical regression analysis was conducted. Results showed that 1.7% of variance was explained by model 1, including demographic variables, but model 1 was not significant. After adding mother and father acceptance to model 2, the explained variance increased to 18.1%. In model 3, sibling variables were added and the explained variance was 19.6%, which were both significant results. Mother acceptance was the best predictor of loneliness, followed by father acceptance. Parental variables explained loneliness better than sibling and demographic variables. Understanding the family predictors of loneliness may be seen as the first step for a subsequent intervention.

The Concurrent Validity of Self-Estimates of Abilities Relative to Criteria Provided by Standardized Test Measures of the Same Abilities for a Sample of High School Students Eligible for Participation in the Ceta Program

1981 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1285-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil D. Briscoe ◽  
Wallace Muelder ◽  
William B. Michael
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
School Students ◽  
General Aptitude Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Criterion Variables

For a total sample of 258 high school students who were eligible for participation in the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), for the two subgroups of 108 males and 150 females, and for eight subsamples differentiated by sex and by four age levels (15, 16, 17, or 18), this investigation was concerned with determining the degree of relationship between scores on each of nine ability measures (the criterion variables) included in the standardized General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) and self-estimates by students of their level of ability in each of the same nine aptitude areas as those in the GATB. For the total sample not one of the nine concurrent validity coefficients was statistically significant, and for the subgroups of males and females, only one and two coefficients, respectively, were statistically reliable. Among the 72 validity coefficients for the eight independent subsamples of males and females differentiated by age level, only nine coefficients were statistically reliable—8 for females and 1 for males. Six of these coefficients involved measures of motor coordination, finger dexterity; and manual dexterity. With the possible exception of skills involving psychomotor coordination and precision, adolescents irrespective of age level appear unable to provide valid self-estimates of their standing in the same abilities as those provided by scores on a widely used standardized test.

Social Environment and Creativity

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Jiří Semrád ◽  
Milan Škrabal
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

The paper deals with issues connected with the motivation of high school students to participate in activities aimed at professional creative activity and, in this context, issues of environmental influences, especially from school and the family. It is responding to some of the growing efforts of neoliberalism to over individualize creative expression and activities and completely ignore social influences. It also takes into account the cultural legacy of past generations and the sources of creative power that have taken root in society and from which individuals draw and process their inspiration. Presented within are the results of an empirical probe focused on the influence of the social environment on the creative activity of teenagers. The paper follows the relations to the existing body of knowledge on the relationship between social environment and creativity, with an effort to capture the social conditionality of creative performances—to capture their roots. The results of the probe have confirmed the initial hypothesis that the creative efforts of secondary school students taking part in vocational training is based on the social background of the family and school. However, the family influence on the students’ creativity is not as significant as one would expect. It is the indirect effect of the family environment that has a larger influence.

The effects of goals attainment on CEO-owner satisfaction and the role of family involvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
Ondřej Machek ◽  
Jiří Hnilica
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
The Family ◽  
Owner Satisfaction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the satisfaction with economic and non-economic goals achievement is related to the overall satisfaction with the business of the CEO-owner, and whether family involvement moderates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Based on a survey among 323 CEO-owners of family and non-family businesses operating in the Czech Republic, the authors employ the OLS hierarchical regression analysis and test the moderating effects of family involvement on the relationship between the satisfaction with different goals attainment and the overall satisfaction with the business. Findings The main finding is that family and non-family CEO-owner’s satisfaction does not differ significantly when economic goals (profit maximisation, sales growth, increase in market share or firm value) and firm-oriented non-economic goals (satisfaction of employees, corporate reputation) are being achieved; both classes of goals increase the overall satisfaction with the firm and the family involvement does not strengthen this relationship. However, when it comes to external non-economic goals related to the society or environment, there is a significant and positive moderating effect of family involvement. Originality/value The study contributes to the family business literature. First, to date, most of the studies focused on family business goals have been qualitative, thus not allowing for generalisation of findings. Second, there is a lack of evidence on the ways in which family firms integrate their financial and non-financial goals. Third, the authors contribute to the literature on the determinants of personal satisfaction with the business for CEOs, which has been the focus on a relatively scarce number of studies.

Sanctification of marriage, religious coping and marital adjustment of Iranian couples

2021 ◽  
pp. 008467242199682
Author(s):  
Reza Fallahchai ◽  
Maryam Fallahi ◽  
Arefeh Moazenjami ◽  
Annette Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Religious Coping ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Negative Religious Coping ◽  
Global Indicators

This study examined cross-sectional links of the theistic and non-theistic sanctification of marriage and positive and negative religious coping with marital adjustment for 316 married Muslims (women = 157, men = 159) from Iran. Perceiving marriage to be a manifestation of God (i.e. theistic sanctification) and reflective of sacred qualities (i.e. non-theistic sanctification) as well as engaging in positive and negative religious/spiritual (r/s) coping strategies each uniquely contributed variance to marital adjustment, after controlling for each other and global indicators of devotion to Islam (e.g. frequency of prayer, religious pilgrimages, fasting, reciting the Quran), and demographic variables (e.g. education level). Specifically, theistic sanctification (β = .40), non-theistic sanctification (β = .29), and positive r/s coping (β = .56) were uniquely tied to higher marital adjustment whereas negative r/s coping was uniquely tied to lower marital adjustment theistic (β =-15) in a hierarchical regression model with all primary variables and controls entered. These findings replicate and extend prior findings on the perceived sanctity of marriage with US samples of predominantly Christians to Muslims living in the Middle East, and offer novel cross-cultural insights into the possible roles that sanctification of marriage and r/s coping may play for marital well-being for non-distressed married Muslims.

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