scholarly journals Olfactory bulb - gateway for COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Jovanovic ◽  
Jelena Nikovic ◽  
Nikola Boban ◽  
Radoslav Pejin ◽  
Filip Samardzic
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
To Come

Introduction: Anosmia and ageusia are one of the most common and characteristic symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 infection, with frequency of almost 50% in patients in Western countries. There are more and more hypotheses of potential central nervous system (CNS) affection by the virus. It is supposed that virus enters via nasal mucosa, and then via cribriform plate enters olfactory bulb, with further dissemination to the CNS. Case report: A 34-year old female patient experienced loss of smell and taste in July 2020, about two months before testing Covid-19 positive. Covid-19 presented with minor pneumonia, and worsening of anosmia and ageusia. After treatment, the patient recovered well, but anosmia and ageusia appeared again, varying in intensity, and since January 2021 became persistent. The case was evaluated by otorinolaryngologist, pulmologist, and finally neurologist. In the meantime, patient was tested Covid-19 negative and received two doses of Sputnik V vaccine. Brain MRI was performed and it clearly shows severe bilateral olfactory bulb atrophy. Thre patient has anosmia and ageusia up to this day, and future MRI follow-up is planned. Conclusion: Loss of smell and taste may be a predictor of further central nervous system dissemination of the virus, and possible neurological complications (which is still a subject of consideration). Olfactory bulb could be a gateway to Covid-19 intrusion into CNS, and its atrophy could be an indicator of that. Further investigation on this topic is required, including wide application of MR imaging in order to come to definite conclusions.

scholarly journals Rasmussen’s Encephalitis: A Report of a Tunisian Pediatric Case and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hedia Klaa ◽  
Thouraya Ben Younes ◽  
Hanene Benrhouma ◽  
Sonia Nagi ◽  
Aida Rouissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Rasmussen Encephalitis ◽  
Pediatric Case ◽  
Rasmussen’S Encephalitis ◽  
Progressive Neurological Deficit ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by unilateral hemispheric atrophy, pharmacoresistant focal seizures, and progressive neurological deficit. The exact etiopathogenesis still remains unknown. Brain imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and follow-up. Fluctuation of lesions in brain imaging was reported in few cases. Herein, we report an additional pediatric case of Rasmussen encephalitis with fluctuating changes in brain MRI.

scholarly journals Bing-Neel Syndrome Case Report: A Previously Undocumented IgG Variant with MRI, PET/CT, and PET/MRI Imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Halperin ◽  
Simon Hallam ◽  
Athar Haroon ◽  
Tom Butler ◽  
Samir Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Waldenstrom’S Macroglobulinaemia

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia is the most commonly reported subtype of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL); it is characterised by IgM secretion. Neurological complications are common usually as a result of hyperviscosity. In rare cases, cells can infiltrate the central nervous system; this is known as Bing-Neel syndrome. We report the case of a 57-year-old male with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma of the IgG-subtype with neurological symptoms and the consequent finding of lymphoplasmacytoid cells in his cerebrospinal fluid as well as deposits on MRI and PET-CT imaging. This is the first report of Bing-Neel syndrome in IgG-subtype LPL. We discuss the biological and radiological markers of his disease, including PET imaging, which has been minimal in this area to date.

scholarly journals Comparison of MRI Lesion Evolution in Different Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012467
Author(s):  
Elia Sechi ◽  
Karl N. Krecke ◽  
Steven A. Messina ◽  
Marina Buciuc ◽  
Sean J. Pittock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
T2 Lesions ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Spine Mri

Background and Objective:There are few studies that compare lesion evolution across different CNS demyelinating diseases, yet knowledge of this may be important for diagnosis and understanding differences in disease pathogenesis. We sought to compare MRI T2-lesion evolution in myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorder (MOGAD), aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG-NMOSD), and multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:In this descriptive study, we retrospectively identified Mayo Clinic patients with MOGAD, AQP4-IgG-NMOSD, or MS and: 1) brain or myelitis attack; 2) available attack MRI within 6 weeks; and 3) follow-up MRI beyond 6 months without interval relapses in that region. Two neurologists identified the symptomatic or largest T2-lesion for each patient (index lesion). MRIs were then independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists blinded to diagnosis to determine resolution of T2-lesions by consensus. The index T2-lesion area was manually outlined acutely and at follow-up to assess variation in size.Results:We included 156 patients (MOGAD, 38; AQP4-IgG-NMOSD, 51; MS, 67) with 172 attacks (brain, 81; myelitis, 91). The age (median [range]) differed between MOGAD (25 [2-74]), AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (53 [10-78]) and MS (37 [16-61]) (p<0.01) and female sex predominated in the AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (41/51 [80%]) and MS (51/67 [76%]) groups but not among those with MOGAD (17/38 [45%]). Complete resolution of the index T2-lesion was more frequent in MOGAD (brain, 13/18[72%]; spine, 22/28[79%]) than AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (brain, 3/21[14%]; spine, 0/34[0%]) and MS (brain, 7/42[17%]; spine, 0/29[0%]), p<0.001. Resolution of all T2-Lesions occurred most often in MOGAD (brain, 7/18[39%]; spine, 22/28[79%]) than AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (brain, 2/21[10%]; spine, 0/34[0%]), and MS (brain, 2/42[5%]; spine, 0/29[0%]), p< 0.01. There was a larger median (range) reduction in T2-lesion area in mm2 on follow-up axial brain MRI with MOGAD (213[55-873]) than AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (104[0.7-597]) (p=0.02) and MS, 36[0-506]) (p< 0.001) and the reductions in size on sagittal spine MRI follow-up in MOGAD (262[0-888]) and AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (309[0-1885]) were similar (p=0.4) and greater than MS (23[0-152]) (p<0.001).Conclusions:The MRI T2-lesions in MOGAD resolve completely more often than AQP4-IgG-NMOSD and MS. This has implications for diagnosis, monitoring disease activity, and clinical trial design, while also providing insight into pathogenesis of central nervous system demyelinating diseases.

scholarly journals Human Chronic Necrotizing Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis: A Novel Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
Alexus P. Taddonio ◽  
Eric J. Veloso ◽  
Kelly J. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
New Onset

Necrotizing and granulomatous meningoencephalitis are common central nervous system diseases known to affect canines. To date, necrotizing granulomatous meningoencephalitis has yet to be described in humans. Current studies of presumed pathogenesis and possible treatment options have only been described in canines. This is a case report of a 55-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with necrotizing granulomatous meningoencephalitis in the setting of new-onset neurological symptoms without any infectious or malignant source.

Central Nervous System Sarcoidosis: Follow-up at MR Imaging during Steroid Therapy

Radiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Dumas ◽  
Dominique Valeyre ◽  
Catherine Chapelon-Abric ◽  
Catherine Belin ◽  
Jean-Charles Piette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Steroid Therapy

Disseminated nocardiosis involving the central nervous system in the context of newly diagnosed HIV infection: A case report

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110009
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Zhiliang Hu ◽  
Hongxia Wei ◽  
Yaling Chen ◽  
Cong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disseminated Nocardiosis

Background: A newly diagnosed HIV patient with tuberculosis-like symptoms was confirmed with disseminated nocardiosis involving the central nervous system (CNS). This case report provides novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of nocardiosis. Case presentation: A 44-year-old male newly diagnosed HIV patient presented on March 20, 2017, with the major symptoms of fever and headache. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed a mass in the lower lobe of the right lung. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple abnormal signals and ring enhancement. Blood culture suggested the presence of mycobacteria and positive acid-fast staining, and the strain was identified as Nocardia. He was administered an anti-infective therapeutic regimen consisting of cefotaxime sodium and sulbactam sodium (2.25 g, qid, iv), linezolid (0.6 g, bid, iv), moxifloxacin (0.4 g, qd, iv), sulfamethoxazole (1.44 g, qid, per os), and amikacin (0.4 g, qd, iv). After treatment, fever and skin nodules resolved, and reexamination by chest CT and brain MRI suggested improvement compared with the pretreatment situation. Conclusions: At present, there are few reports of disseminated Nocardia infection involving the CNS in HIV patients in China. This case report will help to enhance the understanding of disseminated Nocardia infection. In the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, Nocardia may be initially misdiagnosed as disseminated TB. In the present case, tuberculosis-like symptoms actually corresponded to disseminated nocardiosis involving the CNS.

scholarly journals THU0591 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULITIS IN WHIPPLE DISEASE: A CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 537.2-538
Author(s):  
A. Giollo ◽  
C. Zivelonghi ◽  
D. Cardellini ◽  
G. M. Schiavi ◽  
G. Vattemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Black Blood ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Whipple Disease ◽  
History Of

Background:Whipple disease (WD) is a rare systemic infection with possible involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). The neurological manifestations of the disease are various and can mimic any neurologic condition.Objectives:To describe the severe neurological complications occurred in a patient with WD misdiagnosed as a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disorder.Methods:Case reportResults:A 46-year-old woman developed acute right-sided hemiparesis and dysarthria. She had a 10-year history of ill-defined rheumatic condition (defined as seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and adult onset Still’s disease) presenting with polyarthritis, episodic fever > 38°C and rash of unclear etiology poorly responsive to different immunotherapies including methotrexate, anti-IL6 and anti-IL1 inhibitors. Brain MRI demonstrated multiple anterior circulation infarctions and stenosis of the bilateral M1 segments of the middle cerebral artery on MR angiography. Black blood sequences revealed contrast enhancement of the vessel walls consistent with vasculitis (Figure 1). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was unrevealing, including PCR for viruses and bacteria. A working diagnosis of primary CNS vasculitis and progressive neurologic deterioration with abnormal behavior and altered mental status prompted the initiation of intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone followed by cyclophosphamide without significant improvement. Re-evaluation of the long-standing history of joint symptoms unresponsive to immunotherapy, along with recurrent fevers and chronic diarrhea raised the suspicion of unrecognized Whipple’s disease. PCR for Tropheryma Whippleii was positive in stool, urine, blood and CSF, and duodenal mucosal biopsies confirmed the diagnosis. A combination of ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and hydroxychloroquine was initiated. Three days later the patient developed periocular burning pain and cutaneous vesicles consistent with shingles. Varicella-zoster virus DNA was detected in CSF and IV acyclovir was started. At 3 months follow-up neurologic examination was unremarkable except for a slightly fatuous behavior.Conclusion:Recognition of rare manifestations of WD is important to avoid diagnostic delay and inappropriate, potentially harmful treatments.Disclosure of Interests:Alessandro Giollo: None declared, Cecilia Zivelonghi: None declared, Davide Cardellini: None declared, Gian Marco Schiavi: None declared, Gaetano Vattemi: None declared, Ombretta Viapiana: None declared, Maurizio Rossini Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Abiogen, Amgen, BMS, Eli-Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sandoz and UCB

Neurofibromatosis type 1 in children: MR imaging and follow-up studies of central nervous system findings

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Menor ◽  
Luis Marti-Bonmati ◽  
Estanislao Arana ◽  
Cecilio Poyatos ◽  
Hector Cortina
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Follow Up Studies

scholarly journals Large Cysticercus in the Cerebellopontine Angle: Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Amit Garg ◽  
Amit Handa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Large Cyst ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractNeurocysticercosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. We report a case of large cyst in the cerebellopontine angle that increased in size under observation and surgery revealed it to be cysticercus. It was removed in toto and patient improved on follow-up.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document