scholarly journals Psychopathology and resilience in relation to abuse in childhood among youth first referred to the psychiatrist

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic ◽  
Lazar Tenjovic ◽  
Veronika Ispanovic ◽  
Marija Mitkovic ◽  
Jelena Radosavljev-Kircanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Experienced Child ◽  
Behavior Scale

Background/Aim. Child abuse may be related to adverse psychological outcomes in adult life. However, little is known about specific clinical, family and resilience profiles of adolescents that have experienced child abuse. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical symptoms, family functioning and resilience characteristics of adolescents with the experience of abuse, first referred to psychiatrists. Methods. The study included 84 young participants (mean age 14.90 ? 3.10, ranging from 11 to 18 years) as consecutive first referrals to the Clinic for Children and Youth of the Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia. The sample consisted of two groups, based on the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The first group included adolescents with the experience of abuse in childhood (n = 38, 13 males, 25 females), whereas the second, control group, comprised of non-abused adolescents (n = 47, 20 males, 27 females). The presence of abuse was evaluated by the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The study used the following questionnaires: Youth Self-Report (YSR), Adolescent Resilience Attitudes Scale (ARAS), and Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI). Results. Significant differences were found only among females. According to YSR, the abused girls had significantly higher scores on the Delinquent Behavior scale and marginally higher scores on Anxious/ Depressed and Social Problems scales. Analyses of the SFI showed significantly lower family functioning among the girls with the child abuse history for all scales except for the Directive Leadership. The abused girls also showed significantly lower scores on the Insight scale, and marginally lower Initiative scores at the ARAS. Conclusions. These findings may have practical application in the creation of specific preventive and treatment strategies, particularly focused on delinquent tendencies, as well as on enhancing resilience through providing positive environments within families, schools and communities.

scholarly journals Associations Among Internet Addiction, Genetic Polymorphisms, Family Functioning, and Psychopathological Risk: Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study

10.2196/17341 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e17341
Author(s):  
Luca Cerniglia ◽  
Silvia Cimino ◽  
Eleonora Marzilli ◽  
Esterina Pascale ◽  
Renata Tambelli
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mao A

Background International research has emphasized that youths are at higher risk for the onset of internet addiction (IA), but studies investigating biological, psychological, and social factors associated with this condition are limited. Objective This study aims to investigate the possible association between IA and genetic polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), serotonin-transporter (5-HTTPR), dopamine receptor (DRD4), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes by considering the role played by the perception of young adults in their family functioning and their depression, anxiety, and avoidant personality problems. Methods In a sample of 104 male and female young adults aged between 19 and 23 years (mean age 21.87, SD 2.29 years) recruited from universities in the central southern part of Italy, we addressed the presence of IA using the Young criteria of the IA test. Moreover, the perception of young adults of their family functioning and their psychopathological symptoms were assessed through the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Adult Self-Report, respectively. Results We found no significant association between IA and any genetic polymorphisms, neither among males or females. Young adults with IA reported significantly higher scores in the subscale of FAD affective responsiveness (AR; P=.01) and in depressive problems (P=.02), anxiety problems (P=.009), and avoidant personality problems (P=.003) than those in the control group. Results of mediation analyses showed a mediation role played by depressive symptoms (B=0.99; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.97) and avoidant personality problems (B=1.09; 95% CI 0.32 to 2.05) of young adults on the relationship between the FAD, AR, and IA. Finally, this relationship was moderated by the genotype of the 5-HTTLPR (P<.001), DAT1 (P<.001), and MAO-A (P<.001) genes in young adults. Conclusions This exploratory study supports the recent evidence on the mutual relationship among biological, individual, and social risk factors associated with IA in young adulthood. Our findings may have important clinical implications for the development of prevention and treatment programs.

scholarly journals Family Functioning in Adolescents with Perinatal HIV Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 232595821877478
Author(s):  
Orawan Louthrenoo ◽  
Linda Aurpibul ◽  
Peninnah Oberdorfer ◽  
Virat Sirisanthana
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
The Family

This study aimed to assess family functioning in adolescents with perinatal HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy compared with healthy controls. Correlations between self-reported and caregiver-reported family functions were also evaluated. A sample of 195 participants including 65 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and 130 healthy controls were enrolled. The total family functioning score in HIV-infected adolescents was significantly lower than that in healthy controls by self-report (105.86 vs 115.41; P ≤ .001). Caregivers of HIV-infected adolescents also reported lower scores of family functioning than those of controls (109.91 vs 114.98; P ≤ .001). Among the HIV-infected group, there was no or minimal correlation between the self-reported and caregiver-reported total scores of family functioning. However, there were moderate correlations between self-reported and caregiver-reported family functioning total scores in the control group. Overall, HIV-infected adolescents reported lower family functioning than healthy controls. Improved functioning in the family may help with better adjustment in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents.

Psychological Maladjustment among Homeless Adolescents

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Schweitzer ◽  
Sally Jean Hier
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Homeless Adolescents ◽  
Psychological Maladjustment

The prevalence of psychological maladjustment in homeless adolescents (n = 54) was compared to control group (n 58) in Brisbane, Australia using the Youth Self-Report Scale [1]. Overall, 74% of the homeless group and 22.4% of the control group scored within the clinical range on one or more of the clinical subscales. There was considerable diversity of symptomatology in the homeless group. Less than half of the homeless group were within the clinical range on both the delinquent subscale and the thought disorder subscale. Depressive, Aggressive and Somatic Complaints were also prevalent. The study challenges preconceived notions of simple relationship between adolescent homelessness and delinquency, and draws attention to the psychological needs of this group of adolescents.

scholarly journals Differential Brain Perfusion Changes Following Two Mind–Body Interventions for Fibromyalgia Patients: an Arterial Spin Labelling fMRI Study

Mindfulness ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Medina ◽  
Owen G. O’Daly ◽  
Matthew A. Howard ◽  
Albert Feliu-Soler ◽  
Juan V. Luciano
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Spin Labelling ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Spin Labelling

Abstract Objectives Further mechanistic insight on mind–body techniques for fibromyalgia (FMS) is needed. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) imaging can capture changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) that relate to spontaneous pain. Methods We recruited FMS patients undergoing either mindfulness-based stress reduction training (MBSR, n = 14) or a psychoeducational programme (FibroQoL, n = 18), and a control FMS group with no add-on treatment (n = 14). We acquired whole-brain rCBF maps and self-report measures at baseline and following treatment and explored interaction effects in brain perfusion between the treatment group and session with a focus on the amygdala, the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Results We identified a significant interaction effect in the amygdala, which corresponded with rCBF decreases following FibroQoL specifically. At baseline, rCBF in the amygdala for the FibroQoL group correlated with pain catastrophizing and anxiety scores, but not after treatment, suggesting a decoupling between activity in the amygdala and negative emotional symptoms of FMS as a consequence of treatment. Baseline rCBF correlated positively with pain symptoms in the ACC and the anterior insula across all patients; moreover, the correlation between rCBF changes post intervention in the insula and pain improvement was negative for both treatments and significantly different from the control group. We suggest that there is disruption of the typical relationship between clinical pain and activity as a product of these two nonpharmacological therapies. Conclusions We have demonstrated that different mind-to-body treatments correspond to differential changes in clinical symptoms and brain activity patterns, which encourages future research investigating predictors of treatment response. Trial Registration  NCT02561416.

Separation-individuation processes of adolescent children of parents with multiple sclerosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Yahav ◽  
J Vosburgh ◽  
A Miller
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Affected Parent

The current study examines the implications of responsibility and obligation on separationindividuation processes and the appearance of various symptoms of psychological distress in adolescent children of multiple sclerosis (MS) parents. We examined 56 children, between the ages of 10 and 18 years, each with a parent with MS. The results were compared to a control group of 156 children whose parents were healthy. Children's emotions were examined by means of two questionnaires: Youth Self Report (YSR), and Separation Individuation Test of Adolescence (SITA). It was found that children with a MS-affected parent displayed higher levels of depression and anxiety than children from the control group. Furthermore, children in the study group reported a greater degree of separation anxiety, compared to the control group. We conclude with clinical recommendations for developing therapeutic interventions for adolescents to MS-affected parents, as well as for their ill and healthy parents.

Chronic Pain Personification Following Child Abuse: The Imprinted Experience of Child Abuse in Later Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052094452
Author(s):  
Noga Tsur
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experienced Child ◽  
Body Self

Child abuse has been shown to increase the risk for chronic pain. The illness personification theory implies that individuals tend to ascribe humanlike characteristics to chronic pain, and that this personification is embedded in the way they cope with their chronic condition. Recent findings demonstrate that individuals who experienced interpersonal violence tend to personify chronic pain in a way that resonates with past abusive experience. Although findings prevail to the link between trauma and the experience of the body, the personification of chronic pain among individuals who experienced child abuse has not been examined before. This article includes two studies that tested whether child abuse is implicated in abusive chronic pain personification in a young adult female sample (Study 1) and among females who experienced child abuse (Study 2). In both studies, self-report measures of child abuse, posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, complex posttraumatic symptoms (disturbances of self-organization [DSO]), and abusive chronic pain personification were administered. Structural equation modeling was utilized to assess the hypotheses. The findings of the two studies showed a significant association between child abuse and pain personification. Whereas PTS symptoms did not mediate this link (Study 1), DSO symptoms mediated this association (Study 2). The findings of these studies support the understanding that the experience of interpersonal violence is engraved in the experience of the body, as reflected in abusive chronic pain personification. Disturbances in self-organization seem to underlie this process, thus pertaining to the link between the experience of the body, self, and interpersonal trauma.

Erratum to “Youth self-report of physical and sexual abuse: A latent class analysis” [Child Abuse & Neglect 34 (2010) 146–154]

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Kate B. Nooner ◽  
Alan J. Litrownik ◽  
Richard Thompson ◽  
Benyamin Margolis ◽  
Diana J. English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

scholarly journals Associations Among Internet Addiction, Genetic Polymorphisms, Family Functioning, and Psychopathological Risk: Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Cerniglia ◽  
Silvia Cimino ◽  
Eleonora Marzilli ◽  
Esterina Pascale ◽  
Renata Tambelli
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mao A

BACKGROUND International research has emphasized that youths are at higher risk for the onset of internet addiction (IA), but studies investigating biological, psychological, and social factors associated with this condition are limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the possible association between IA and genetic polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), serotonin-transporter (5-HTTPR), dopamine receptor (DRD4), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes by considering the role played by the perception of young adults in their family functioning and their depression, anxiety, and avoidant personality problems. METHODS In a sample of 104 male and female young adults aged between 19 and 23 years (mean age 21.87, SD 2.29 years) recruited from universities in the central southern part of Italy, we addressed the presence of IA using the Young criteria of the IA test. Moreover, the perception of young adults of their family functioning and their psychopathological symptoms were assessed through the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Adult Self-Report, respectively. RESULTS We found no significant association between IA and any genetic polymorphisms, neither among males or females. Young adults with IA reported significantly higher scores in the subscale of FAD affective responsiveness (AR; <i>P</i>=.01) and in depressive problems (<i>P</i>=.02), anxiety problems (<i>P</i>=.009), and avoidant personality problems (<i>P</i>=.003) than those in the control group. Results of mediation analyses showed a mediation role played by depressive symptoms (<i>B</i>=0.99; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.97) and avoidant personality problems (<i>B</i>=1.09; 95% CI 0.32 to 2.05) of young adults on the relationship between the FAD, AR, and IA. Finally, this relationship was moderated by the genotype of the 5-HTTLPR (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), DAT1 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and MAO-A (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) genes in young adults. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study supports the recent evidence on the mutual relationship among biological, individual, and social risk factors associated with IA in young adulthood. Our findings may have important clinical implications for the development of prevention and treatment programs.

scholarly journals Possible posttraumatic stress disorder in Chinese frontline healthcare workers who survived COVID-19 6 months after the COVID-19 outbreak: prevalence, correlates, and symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Juan Xiong ◽  
Bao-Liang Zhong ◽  
Xiong-Jing Cao ◽  
Huang-Guo Xiong ◽  
Ming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Residual Symptom ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Frontline Healthcare Workers

AbstractSuffering from COVID-19 and witnessing the suffering and deaths of patients with COVID-19 may place frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) at particularly high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, few data are available on the clinical characteristics of PTSD among frontline HCWs who survived COVID-19 (“surviving HCWs” hereafter). The present study examined the prevalence, correlates, and clinical symptoms of possible PTSD in surviving HCWs 6 months after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. A total of 291 surviving HCWs and 42 age- and gender-matched COVID-19-free frontline HCWs (control group) were recruited and administered the Chinese Essen Trauma Inventory, which was used to assess the presence of possible PTSD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Survivors’ clinical data and characteristics of exposure to COVID-19 were collected via self-report questionnaires. Surviving HCWs had significantly higher rates of possible PTSD than controls (19.9% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.017). Correlates of PTSD in survivors were ICU admission (OR = 8.73, P = 0.003), >10 respiratory symptoms during the most symptomatic period of COVID-19 (OR = 3.08, P = 0.006), the residual symptom of dizziness (OR = 2.43, P = 0.013), the residual symptom of difficult breathing (OR = 2.23, P = 0.027), life in danger due to COVID-19 (OR = 16.59, P = 0.006), and exposure to other traumatic events (OR = 2.94, P = 0.035). Less commonly seen PTSD symptoms in survivors were having nightmares about the event (34.5%), suddenly feeling like they were living through the event suddenly (25.9%), being unable to remember an important part of the event (32.8%), and overalertness (31.0%). Nearly one-fifth of the surviving HCWs had possible PTSD 6 months after the COVID-19 outbreak. Mental health services for this vulnerable population should include periodic screening for PTSD, expanded social support, and, when necessary, psychotherapy and psychopharmacological treatment.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Suicide Attempts and a History of Childhood Abuse in Adults Referring to the Toxicity Emergency Units of Yazd City, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Elham Bazdar ◽  
Bonnie Bozorg ◽  
Fatemeh Ayoobi ◽  
Hamid Owliae ◽  
Reza Bidaki
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Yazd City

Background: Child abuse is defined as any act or omission which causes physical or psychological harassment and lasting effects on children. Injuries resulting from child abuse are widespread, and this trauma can lead to psychological problems in adulthood. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between a history of child abuse and suicide attempts. Methods: In this case-control and retrospective study, patients admitted in 2016 to the toxicity emergency center in Yazd city, Iran, with symptoms of attempted suicide and patients of other conditions were recruited. Participants in the control and case groups were matched for age, gender, marital status, and place of residence. Each patient was given a questionnaire to collect information on demographics, history of suicide attempt or suicide in other members of the family, and history of child abuse (self-report scale) which investigated five aspects of childhood abuse (sexual, physical, neglect, lack of nutrition, and emotional neglect). Results: The chi-square test and t test were used in the analysis. Mean severity rates of physical, sexual, neglect, nutrition, and emotional child abuse were 8.49, 6.42, 10.4, 6.43, and 9.62, respectively, for the case group and 7.89, 5.52, 7.88, 5.92, and 8.52, respectively, for the control group. Conclusion: Statistical analysis revealed that except for nutritional abuse cases, the incidence rates of all other aspects of child abuse were significantly higher among cases than in the control group. The results of this study showed that a history of child abuse, especially sexual and emotional types, are correlated with the incidence of attempted suicide.

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