scholarly journals The influence of retrobulbar adipose tissue volume upon intraocular pressure in obesity

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Stojanov ◽  
Edita Stokic ◽  
Olivera Sveljo ◽  
Nada Naumovic
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Elevated Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume

Background/Aim. It is known that glaucoma is associated with elevated intraocular pressure and obesity, yet the precise etiology remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a potential causality between the volume of retrobulbar adipose tissue and the level of intraocular pressure in obese subjects compared with non-obese. Methods. A total of 100 subjects were divided according to the body mass index (BMI), into two groups: normal weight (n = 50, BMI = 18-24.9 kg/m2) and obese (n = 50, BMI ? 30 kg/m2) subjects. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, measurement of intraocular pressure, as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head at the level of the optic nerve, and the derived retrobulbar adipose tissue volume, were undertaken in all subjects. Results. The obese subjects, as compared with normal weight ones, had a significantly higher mean retrobulbar adipose tissue volume (6.23 cm3 vs 4.85 cm3, p < 0.01) and intraocular pressure (15.96 mmHg vs 12.99 mmHg, p < 0.01). Furthermore, intraocular pressure correlated positively with retrobulbar adipose tissue volume. Conclusion. In obese people, elevated intraocular pressure may be caused by changes in ocular blood flow, affected by the physical pressure exerted by higher retrobulbar adiposity, and/or by internal vascular changes secondary to complications of obesity. These findings indicate the need for more frequent measurement of intraocular pressure in obese individuals to earlier detect glaucoma, and in so doing prevent irreversible blindness.

scholarly journals Eating Habits in Normal Weight and Obese People

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Posea ◽  
Andreea Dragomir ◽  
Gabriela Radulian
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Obese Subjects

AbstractBackground and Aims: The aim of this study was to document the eating habits of normal weight and obese patients in order to implement a new and healthier lifestyle. Material and Methods: We evaluated the intake of energy and that of vitamins and minerals in a sample of 199 normal weight and obese subjects. We also performed anthropometric's measurements, paraclinic’s and laboratory’s tests. Results: The mean intake of vitamins and minerals is significantly different for B1 and B3 vitamins and for iron, phosphorus, copper and selenium. Vitamins like B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C and A vitamin and minerals like, zinc, manganese, phosphorus and selenium are over consumed in both groups. Regarding the sodium’s intake, only 37.04% of normal weight patients fulfill the recommendations of less than 2 g/day. The prevalence of a high fat diet is about 59.29% in normal weight people and 60.69% among obese ones. Only 25% of normal weight patients had normal abdominal circumference and 58.47% of obese subjects had normal HDL-cholesterol levels. Conclusions: Regardless the body mass index (BMI) status, neither normal weight subjects nor the obese ones' had an adequate micronutrient intake. Also, there is a high prevalence of high sodium’s intake and a high fat diet among the normal weight patients.

scholarly journals Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) as a new experimental model of obesity induced by diet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana L A Ventura ◽  
Nathália C L Fortes ◽  
Helton C Santiago ◽  
Marcelo Vidigal Caliari ◽  
Maria A Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Background. Currently, the number of obese people in the world has reached alarming proportions. During the expansion of adipose tissue, a number of functions such as activation and release of cytokines and hormones may be affected. This causes the body to take a pro-inflammatory pattern, which may affect the proper functioning of many tissues. Thus, studying the mechanisms by which obesity induces physiological disorders is necessary, and may be facilitated by the use of animal models, in particular rodents. We sought to investigate whether the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) would be a good experimental model for the study of obesity and metabolic changes resulting from a diet rich in fats and sugars. Methods. 14 gerbils were divided according to weight into two experimental groups and received a a standard diet with 4,15kcal/g (CT; n = 7) or a diet rich in simple carbohydrates and fats with 5,86kcal/g (OB, n = 7) for 11 weeks. The animals had free access to water and food. The weight of each animal and food consumption of each cage were measured weekly and at the end of the experiment, blood, adipose tissue and liver were collected. The following parameters were determined: cholesterol (COL), triglycerides (TGL) and glycemia (GLI) in the plasma; cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) and hormones (adiponectin and leptin) in adipose tissue; activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), extraction and differentiation of fat in the liver and liver histology. Results. The consumption of a diet rich in simple fats and carbohydrates led to an increase of total body weight, relative weights of liver and adipose tissue, glucose and triglycerides levels, and TNF-α concentration in adipose tissue. Animals of this group also showed a significant increase of total fat, cholesterol and triglyceride content in the liver, contributing to higher intensity of hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, depletion in the enzyme activity of SOD and CAT in the liver, as well as reduction of IL-10 and adiponectin levels were found in adipose tissue of these animals. Conclusion. Diet consumption consisting of an excess in saturated fat and simple carbohydrates establish the gerbil as an experimental model for the study of obesity and metabolic and liver abnormalities resulting from this disease.

scholarly journals MP19-07 THREE-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATION OF PERIRENAL ADIPOSE TISSUE VOLUME PREDICTS RENAL CORTICAL NEOPLASM HISTOPATHOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Vol 195 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Drysch ◽  
Zhamshid Okhunov ◽  
Albert Yang ◽  
Cyrus Khoyliar ◽  
Mary Bozoghlanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume
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