scholarly journals Risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Jankovic ◽  
Dragica Bojovic ◽  
Dubravka Vukadinovic ◽  
Elmedina Daglar ◽  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Background/Aim. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is relatively frequent condition, and may have serious health consequences, like chronic vulvovaginal pain syndrome. The aim of our study was to determine possible risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant females within the reproductive age. Methods. The design of our study was of a case-control type. Case and control patients were selected from the gynecological patients at six primary care facilities in Serbia and in Montenegro. The data on the patients' health condition, concomitant therapy and diseases were taken from their records, and the data on habits were obtained by unstructured interview. For potential risk factors crude odds ratios were calculated, and then adjusted by logistic regression. Results. A total of fifty-one patients had four or more episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis during the last year (cases), and 132 patients with one to three episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis were sampled as controls, matched by age. The only two significant associations were found between recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and continual wearing of panty liners during the last year (Odds ratio - ORadjusted: 3.97; confidence interval - CI: 1.57-10.02; p = 0.004), and between recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and predominant use of vaginal tampons during menstruation in the last year (ORadjusted: 4.25; CI: 1.11-16.27; p = 0.035). The synergistic effect was observed for the concurrent continual wearing of panty liners during the last year and selfmedication with antimycotics. Conclusions. Local factors, like wearing of panty liners or use of tampons during menstruation, may promote recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, especially in patients who practice selfmedication with antimycotics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diarrhoea, and associated risk factors, in children aged 0-5 years, at two hospitals in Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Adanma Florence Nwaoha ◽  
Camelita Chima Ohaeri ◽  
Ebube Charles Amaechi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Government ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of infectious mor­bidity and mortality in children under five years of age. This study aimed at identifying the most common parasites and potential risk factors for diarrhoea among children 0-5 years attending Abia State Specialist hospital and Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, in south east­ern Nigeria. We used 400 faecal samples from children with diarrhoea –and 200 without– in combination with hospital-based case control and a questionnaire Stool samples were processed with direct normal saline and formal-ether sedimentation method for parasitological stud­ies. More males than females were infected in nearly all age groups in both diarrhoeal and control groups (X2=23.04, df=1, P<0.05: X2=11.52, df=1, P<0.05 respectively). Amachara had more infections (X2=0.15, df=1, P< 0.05). January had the highest rate of infection (22.5%). Main clinical features were watery depositions over 3 times a day, diarrhoea lasting for days, fever, vomiting, and dehydration. Mothers learned about the problem through health workers, television and in medical centers. Risk correlated with mother’s education, occupation, latrine type, waste water disposal, hand washing, kitchen cleaning; sources and storage of water; and bottle milk (P< 0.05).Ignorance greatly con­tributed to the spread of parasitic disease in the area: the government should improve education and other strategies to alleviate the spread of the disease..

scholarly journals Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in females in the reproductive age group

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Meena Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among reproductive age group females. The objective of present study is to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, its distribution and association of risk factors among reproductive age group females, attending the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology of our Prime Medical Centre, Sharjah attached with Prime Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: It was cross-sectional descriptive study over a period of six months. Patients who came to our outpatient department with complains of vaginal discharge and itching in reproductive age group were included in this study. Patients characteristics i.e. age, parity, risk factors like diabetes, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPills) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) were noted. High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted, and results were analyzed.Results: A total of 224 high vaginal swabs were collected. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was found to be 31.6%. It was found more in 26-30 years age group and multiparous women. Previous history of candidiasis and diabetes were the commonest risk factors. Frequency of C. albicans was more (76.05%) than non-albicans candida (23.94%).Conclusions: Present study concluded that vulvovaginal candidiasis is more prevalent in reproductive age group females, therefore a routine high vaginal swab culture must be performed in every woman presenting with vaginal discharge and itching for correct diagnosis. Women should be educated on clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Screening and Risk Factor Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yugandhara Hingankar ◽  
Vaishali Taksande
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Yeast Infection ◽  
Vaginal Thrush ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is also known as vaginal yeast infection and candida vulvovaginitis there is excessive growth of yeast in vagina which leads to vaginal thrush. The sign and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis includes severe vaginal discharge and itching. The symptoms get more before menstruation. The other symptoms show pain during sex, burning urination and redness over vagina. This infection mostly occurs due to excessive amount of growth of candida. According to research in all around 75% of total women suffer from vaginal candidiasis once in their lifetime and around 5% of the women suffer from twice or thrice. The preventive measures include wearing cotton undergarment rather than wearing synthetic and wearing loose cotton cloths. Objective: This study is planned to assess screening and risk factors associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women. Methodology: The Descriptive Evaluatory Research Design used for data collection procedure will be required 1 week per plan. 7-8 High vaginal swab are taken from gynae Opd in a day accordingly data will be collected. The number of pregnant women will be taken from Gynae Opd who come for check-up on the regular basis. Soon after their check-up written consent form will be given and sample will be collected. Then interview will be taken with the following questionnaires prepared according to the risk factors assessment scale. The pregnant women will be selected non-Probability convenient sampling technique. Conclusion: Reproductive age group women have more risk of developing vulvovaginal candidiasis, because of High oestrogen levels cause an increased glycogen load in epithelium, which is a nutritional source for growth of candida & germination. Vulvovaginal candidiasis the most common gynaecologic diagnosis in the primary care setting. So, the available statistics say that there is a need for the study regarding the assessment and screening of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Women of Reproductive Age in Xi’an: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianling Zeng ◽  
Yafei Zhang ◽  
Taohong Zhang ◽  
Yan Xue ◽  
Huiqiu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
History Of

Purpose. To explore risk factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) among women of reproductive age in Xi’an district and then to offer reference for clinical prevention and treatment of VVC. Methods. Patients from the outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from June 2016 to May 2017 were recruited strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants diagnosed as simple VVC were assigned to the case group, while women who underwent routine gynecological examination and had normal vaginal microflora were assigned to the control group. Then we conducted a questionnaire survey of the two groups and used the logistic regression model to explore the related risk factors of VVC. Results. In the present study, ninety-seven cases were sample VVC patients and eighty-seven cases were healthy women. This cross-sectional study showed that occasionally or never drinking sweet drinks (odds ratio [OR] =0.161, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.056-0.462, P=0.001), occasionally or never eating sweet foods (OR=0.158, 95%CI=0.054-0.460, P=0.001), and the use of condom (OR=0.265, 95%CI=0.243-0.526, P=0.001) were regarded as protective factors for VVC. In addition, sedentary life style (OR=7.876, 95%CI=1.818-34.109, P=0.006), frequently wearing tights (OR=6.613, 95%CI=1.369-27.751, P=0.018), frequent intravaginal douching (OR=3.493, 95%CI=1.379-8.847, P=0.008), having the first sexual encounter when under 20 years old (OR=2.364, 95%CI=1.181-7.758, P=0.006), the number of sexual partners being over two (OR=3.222, 95%CI=1.042-9.960, P=0.042), history of curettage (OR=3.471, 95%CI=1.317-9.148, P=0.012), history of vaginitis (OR=8.999, 95%CI=2.816-28.760, P<0.001), and not cleaning the vulva before or after sexual encounters (OR=13.684, 95%CI=2.843-65.874, P=0.001) were considered to be risk factors of VVC. Conclusion. In conclusion, risk factors of VVC are various, involving ages, hygienic habits, disease history, and other aspects.

scholarly journals Assessment of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever in India: Perspectives on Future Outbreaks and Control Strategies

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Mousumi Bora ◽  
Durlav Prasad Bora ◽  
Mohan Manu ◽  
Nagendra Nath Barman ◽  
Lakshya Jyoti Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Wildlife Reservoirs ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important transboundary diseases of pigs. ASF has been identified in India for the first time in domestic pigs from outbreaks reported in two of the northeastern states, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in 2020. A total of 11 ASF outbreaks in different regions killed over 3700 pigs and devastated the economy of small-scale livestock owners of both the states. Considering the first outbreak of ASF in India, a generic risk assessment framework was determined to identify potential risk factors that might favor future emergence of the disease. Based on the Indian scenario, we considered population density of host, farming practice, availability of biological vectors and wildlife reservoirs, epidemiological cycles, and international trade to analyze the possibility of future outbreaks of ASF and chances of establishment of endemism. On critical analysis of the identified risk factors associated with ASFV transmission, we observed that the risk factors are well preserved in the Indian geography and might participate in future outbreaks, further disseminating the disease to nearby countries. Since no vaccine is currently available against ASF, the domestic and the wild pigs (wild boars and the endangered pygmy hogs native to India) of this region are under constant threat of infection. For the near future, this region will have to continue to rely on the implementation of preventive measures to avoid the devastating losses that outbreaks can cause. The various adaptive control strategies to minimize the risks associated with the transmission of ASF, keeping our views to Indian settings, have been described. The risk-analysis framework presented in the study will give a further understanding of the dynamics of disease transmission and will help to design control strategies and corresponding measures to minimize the catastrophic consequences of ASF disease.

scholarly journals Risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Clarissa Cita Magdalena ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Background Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal form of tuberculosis with severe clinical symptoms and complications. The mortality rate from this disease remains high, therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors for miliary TB for early detection and treatment.Objective To identify risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children.Methods A case-control study of children aged 0-14 years with miliary TB was conducted in Dr. Soetomo Hospital from 2010 to 2015. Data were taken from medical records. Case subjects were children with miliary TB, and control subjects were children with pulmonary TB . Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. Case subjects were identified from the total patient population; control subjects were included by purposive sampling, with case:control ratio of 1:1. Potential risk factors were age, nutritional status, BCG immunization status, and history of contact with TB patients. Statistical analyses were done with Chi-square and logistic regression tests. P values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results A total of 72 children were analyzed, with 36 case and 36 control subjects. Nutritional status had a significant associatation with miliary TB in children (OR 3.182; 95%CI 1.206 to 8.398; P=0.018) in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. The probability of a child with moderate or severe undernutrition developing miliary TB was 76.09%. Other factors were not significantly associated with miliary TB.Conclusion Nutritional status is significantly associated with miliary TB in children, and moderate or severe undernutrition increases the risk for developing miliary TB.

scholarly journals Incisional Hernia of Elective Midline Caesarean Section: Incidence and Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Hasan Al-Dahamsheh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Incisional Hernia ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postoperative Fever ◽  
Parity Number ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Objective: To analyze the incidence and risk factors for development hernia after elective  lower midline caesarean section(ElMCS).Method: A prospective cohort study of 284 women for development of incisional hernia after  repeated elective midline CS. Patients enrollment done from April 13th 2001 and December  12th 2002. follow up to two years for hernia development. Hernias were identified radiographically  or during physical exam. 2-year hernia rates were calculated. Patients were distributed in two  groups, study group consisted of women who had incisional hernia and control group consisted  from women who had not within 2-years postoperatively. Within the two groups potential risk  factors (age, body mass index (BMI), parity, number of previous cesareans, chronic cough,  diabetes mellitus(DM), heart disease, low serum albumin, type of previous incision, anesthesia  type, presence of postoperative fever and wound complications) were collected and statistically  analyzed with the development of incisional hernia (IH).  Setting: Prince Hashem Ben Al-Hussein Hospital, Jordanian Royal Medical Services of Jordan  / Zarqa.  Results: The 2-year hernia was 5.6 % .Independent risk factors of IH development include:  increase in number of previous CSs, wound complications and obesity.  Conclusion: An incisional hernia is higher than previously estimated in women undergoing  ElMCS. Counseling on the family size will reduce the chance for further CS with its associated  risk. Also measures to reduce wound infection after surgery may reduce the incidence of  incisional hernia following ElMCS. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i1.13724 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(1) : 9-14

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