scholarly journals Determination of infiltrative ductal breast carcinoma differentiation grade in biopsy imprints

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 527-533
Author(s):  
Zorana Vukasinovic-Bokun ◽  
Radojka Bokun ◽  
Zeljka Tatomirovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Cell Clustering ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Histologic Differentiation ◽  
Ductal Carcinomas ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Definition Of

Background/Aim. In patients with breast carcinoma there are many risk factors for assessment of breast carcinoma maturity and prognosis. Besides histological type of differentiation, cytologic criteria for the evaluation grade of the differentiation of infiltrative ductal breast carcinomas are very important for prognosis. The aim of this study was to define cytologic criteria for grading of infiltrative ductal carcinomas of the breast. Methods. The imprints of intraoperative biopsies from 124 patients were studied. They were air-dried and stained by May-Gr?nwald Giemsa method. The features assessed were: the degree and type of cell clustering, nuclear diameter and pleomorphism, chromatin structure, number and features of nucleoli, the aspect of cytoplasm, noncellular background and the variability of cells and nuclei. According to these morphologic features the infiltrative ductal carcinomas of the breast could be classified into three grades of differentiation. Results. Cytologic and histologic differentation grade revealed disagreement among 34.6% of the imprints. In 9 of total 23 histologicaly well differentiated carcinomas, cytological differentation grade was moderately differentiated. In 63 carcinomas with histologic differentiation grade II, cytologic differentiation grade was good in 12 and poor in 16 carcinomas. Conclusion. Cytologic and histologic grading were not identical in 34.6% of the imprints what points out the need to further definition of diagnostic criteria, especially for grade II of differentiation.

scholarly journals Association between AgNORs and Immunohistochemical Expression of ER, PR, HER2/neu, and p53 in Breast Carcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Ali Al-Adhraei ◽  
Ibraheem M. Ashankyty
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Agnor Count ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Cell Proliferative Activity

Settings. Despite the limited diagnostic utility of AgNORs (argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region-associated proteins) for individual breast lesions, AgNOR analysis bears a significant potential for characterizing cell proliferative activity of breast lesions. Methodology. The present study investigated the relationship between mean AgNORs count and immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, HER2/neu, and p53 in breast carcinoma in serial paraffin sections from 137 breast carcinomas. Twenty control cases of benign breast lesions were included. Results. Mean AgNOR counts correlated significantly inversely with hormone estrogen receptors (ER), Progesterone receptors (PR), and p53 immunohistochemical expression, denoting values of 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. No significant correlation was found between mean AgNOR counts and HER2/neu, . Mean AgNOR count was significantly higher in grade II tumor cells. We conclude that mean AgNOR counts correlate with ER, PR, and P53 tumor markers in breast carcinomas. Conclusion. We recommend the use of mean AgNOR count for accurate reporting of breast carcinomas, as well as prediction of ER, PR, and P53 in routine paraffin sections.

scholarly journals Expression of PDL-1 and Its Correlation with TIL in Triple Negative Cases of Breast Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. A136-141
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Akashdeep Singh ◽  
Arshdeep Kaur ◽  
Mridu Manjari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
Grade Iii

Background:  In the present study, we aimed to determine the expression of PDL1 and its correlation with TIL in Triple Negative (ER, PR and Her 2neu negative) cases of breast carcinoma (immune-histochemical study)  Methods: Expression of PD-L1 was seen on 40 proven triple negative cases of breast carcinomas (TNBC) and to correlate it with other parameters affecting prognosis of the disease. All the cases were infiltrating ductal carcinoma NOS (not otherwise specified) Result: Maximum cases were Grade III (67.5%) followed by Grade II (32.5%). PD-L1 positivity was seen in 32.5% cases whereas TIL was positive for PD-L1 in 27.5 %. 5 cases were positive for both epithelial cell and TIL. Out of 13 PD-L1 positive tumors, 38.5% cases showed TIL positivity whereas out of 27 PD-L1 negative tumors, only 22.2% were TIL positive. PD-L1 expression in TIL was seen in 38.5% of cases however there was no statistically significant correlation between PD-L1 positivity and TIL positivity. PDL-1 positivity was more in Grade III (33.3%) as compared to Grade II (23%) lesions. Thus, it was observed that PD-L1 positivity increased from grade II to grade III lesions. Conclusion: Intra-tumoral expression of PD-L1 is directly proportional to histological grade, aggressive subtypes in TNBC cases however there was no statistically significant correlation between PD-L1 positivity in tumor cells and TIL positivity. We thus postulate that measurement of PD-L1 expression in TNBC cases could enhance the accuracy of predicting patient prognosis and allow for optimal treatment selection.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Breast

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 1577-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Elizabeth Rosen ◽  
Paolo Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Invasive Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the breast are a rare and underrecognized subtype of mammary carcinoma. Neuroendocrine tumors of the breast occur predominately in postmenopausal women. The tumors are subclassified into well-differentiated and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, and invasive breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine features. Well-differentiated tumors show architectural similarity to carcinoids of other sites but lack characteristic neuroendocrine nuclei. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors are morphologically identical to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Neuroendocrine differentiation, seen in up to 30% of invasive breast carcinomas, is most commonly associated with mucinous and solid papillary carcinomas. The diagnosis of neuroendocrine differentiation requires expression of the neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin or chromogranin. The main differential diagnosis is a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor from an extramammary site. Neuroendocrine tumors of the breast are treated similarly to other invasive breast carcinomas. Although no consensus has been reached on the prognosis, most studies suggest a poor outcome.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

DEFINITION OF TIME SPENT ON REPAIR OF BUS TRANSMISSION UNITS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sergey Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Transmission Unit ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Time Decrease

The paper purpose is the effectiveness estimation in the technological equipment use, taking into account its reliability and productivity for defective transmission units of buses. The problem consists in the determination of time to be spent on repair of bus transmission units taking into account technological equipment reliability. In the paper there is used a probabilistic method for the prediction bus transmission units, and also a method of the dynamics of averages which allow ensuring minimum of costs for units downtime during repair and equipment cost. The need for repair of transmission units (gear box) arises on an average after 650 hours, the average productivity of the bench makes 4.2 bus / hour. The bench fails on the average after 4600 hours of work, the average time of the bench makes 2 hours. In such a way the solution of the problem specified allows analyzing the necessity of time decrease for transmission unit repair to avoid long downtimes of buses in repair areas without negative impact upon high repair quality and safety during the further operation.

Determination of the prevalence of helicobacter pylori oral infection in smoking patients with chronic generalized periodontitis on the background of chronic hyperacidal gastritis during treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
O. L. Zolotukhina ◽  
◽  
Ju. G. Romanova ◽  
O. V. Maslov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Diseases of periodontal tissues occupy one of the leading positions among modern dental problems, namely the multifactorial nature of these diseases. In modern dental science, the issue of the development of periodontal pathology against the background of somatic pathology and risk factors remains relevant. Pathology of periodontal tissues in 68–90 % of cases is accompanied by chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Today, there is no doubt that Helicobacter pylori infection can be present in the biotopes of the oral cavity and can affect the course of periodontal pathology. As you know, smoking is one of the important risk factors for the development of inflammatory-dystrophic diseases of periodontal tissues, which can aggravate the course of the latter. The purpose of the work is to determine the prevalence of oral Helicobacter pylori infection in tobacco-dependent patients with chronic generalized periodontitis on the background of chronic hyperacid gastritis during treatment. Patients who received the proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex (ultraphonophoresis procedures with the created gel «Apisan», and probiotic drug BioGaia ProDentis and angioprotective drug of natural origin — Detralex) showed a gradual decrease in the level of total urease activity and, as a consequence, a decrease the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the oral cavity according to the results of a urease rapid test with material from the oral cavity, both in the presence of a risk factor — smoking, and in its absence. The use of the proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex proved to be effective in reducing the prevalence of oral Helicobacter pylori infection in smoking patients and patients who do not smoke, with chronic generalized periodontitis against the background of chronic hyperacidal gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori.

Estrogen responsive finger protein as a new potential biomarker for breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Significant Prognostic Factor ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Finger Protein ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Human Breast Carcinomas

Purpose: Estrogen-responsive finger protein (Efp) is amember ofRINGfinger-B box-Coiled Coilfamily and is also a downstream target of estrogen receptor a. Previously, Efp was shown tomediate estrogen-induced cell growth, which suggests possible involvement in the developmentof human breast carcinomas. In this study, we examined expression of Efp in breast carcinomatissues and correlated these findings with various clinicopathologic variables.Experimental Design: Thirty frozen specimens of breast carcinomas were used for immunohistochemistryand laser capture microdissection/real-time PCR of Efp. Immunohistochemistryfor Efp was also done in 151breast carcinoma specimens fixed with formalin and embedded inparaffinwax.Results: Efp immunoreactivity was detected in breast carcinoma cells and was significantlyassociated with the mRNA level (n = 30). Efp immunoreactivity was positively associated withlymph node status or estrogen receptor a status and negatively correlated with histologic gradeor 14-3-3j immunoreactivity (n = 151). Moreover, Efp immunoreactivity was significantly correlatedwith poor prognosis of breast cancer patients, and multivariate analyses of disease-freesurvival and overall survival for151breast cancer patients showed that Efp immunoreactivity wasthe independentmarker.Conclusions: Our data suggest that Efp immunoreactivity is a significant prognostic factor inbreast cancer patients. These findings may account for an oncogenic role of Efp in the tumorprogression of breast carcinoma.

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