scholarly journals Oxidized LDL and lipids as risk factors for ischemic heart disease in type 2 diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Zamaklar ◽  
Katarina Lalic ◽  
Natasa Rajkovic ◽  
Danijela Trifunovic ◽  
Mirjana Dragasevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Abnormal lipid profile is an important risk factor in the development of macrovascular atherosclerotic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Factors that contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis include oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid profile and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetics with and without ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods. We studied 80 patients with T2D, 40 with IHD (group A1) and 40 without IHD (group A2). We also studied 51 non-diabetics, 31 with IHD (group B1), and 20 without IHD (group B2 - control group). Lipid profile was estimated by the total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, the level of triglyceride (Tg), lipoproteina a (Lp a), Apo A I, A II, B 100 and E. To evaluate the oxidative status we measured circulating oxidized LDL (ox LDL), erythrocyte antioxidative enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase (E-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (E-GPX), as well as the total antioxidative serum activity (TAS). Inflammatory reaction was estimated by C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. Results. No significant difference was found in the lipid profile in groups A1, A2 and B1, but the group B2 had the lowest one. Lp a level was significantly higher in group B1 comparing to other groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of ox LDL between the groups. In diabetics, ox LDL positively correlated with the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non HDL cholesterol, Apo B 100 and the relations between LDL/HDL and Tg/HDL (p < 0.001), as well as with Tg and fibrinogen (p < 0.05). In group B1, ox LDL positively correlated with total cholesterol, Tg (p < 0.01), LDL, and non HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and significantly with Apo B 100 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the antioxidant enzyme activities between the groups of diabetics (A1 and A2), but fibrinogen was higher in the group with IHD (group A1, p < 0.05). Group B1 had lower ESOD activity than the groups A1 and A2 (p < 0.05), but CRP was higher (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between oxLDL and CRP in groups A1 and A2, but it was statistically significant in the group B1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. In this study we demonstrated the increased oxidative stress in diabetics compared to non-diabetics regardless of the presence of IHD. Fibrinogen, but not CRP, was higher in diabetics with IHD, compared to diabetics without IHD. The increased oxidative stress, the reduced antioxidative activity E-SOD, and the higher level of CRP were found in non-diabetics with IHD compared to non-diabetics without IHD.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DYSLIPIDEMIA ON SOMATIC NEUROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 025-030
Author(s):  
Subbalakshmi N. K. ◽  
Sathyanarayana Rao K. N. ◽  
Adhikari P.M. R. ◽  
Sheila R. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction: Dyslipidemia is an established cardiovascular risk factor. But its influence on somatic neuropathy (PNP) in diabetes mellitus is not clear. Objective of the study: This study assessed the association between lipids and PNP in diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: 101 type 2 diabetics with recently done fasting lipid profile were included. Lipid profile included fasting total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and triglycerides. Based on the neurological examination diabetics were divided into two groups: with PNP (n = 53) and without PNP (n = 48). Severity of PNP was quantified based on total scoring of all the definite clinical signs of PNP. 30 healthy subjects matched for age and sex with PNP group served as control. Statistical analysis was done with suitable statistical tests. Statistical significance was taken to be at p-value less than 0.05. Results: Mean total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol of PNP group was significantly higher compared to non-diabetic control (p < 0.05; < 0.01; < 0.001 respectively). There was no significant difference in any of the lipids between with PNP and without PNP groups. Among the lipids, correlation was observed only between triglycerides and PNP severity score (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Mean age and duration of diabetes of PNP group was significantly higher compared to without PNP group (p < 0.01; < 0.01 respectively). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia persists in type 2 diabetics. Hypertriglyceridemia is correlated with severity of PNP. Higher age and duration of diabetes are associated with PNP in type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects ofSatureja khuzestanicaon Serum Glucose, Lipids and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Vosough-Ghanbari ◽  
Roja Rahimi ◽  
Shabnam Kharabaf ◽  
Shima Zeinali ◽  
Azadeh Mohammadirad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Values

Satureja khuzestanicais an endemic plant of Iran that is widely distributed in the Southern part of the country. It has antioxidant properties and thus it seems to be useful in diseases related to oxidative stress such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The present study investigates the effect ofS. khuzestanicasupplement in metabolic parameters of hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Twenty-one hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized in a double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial to receive eitherS. khuzestanica(tablets contain 250 mg dried leaves) or placebo once a day for 60 days. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of the study. Samples were analyzed for levels of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as marker of lipid peroxidation and ferric reducing ability (total antioxidant power, TAP). Treatment of patients byS. khuzestanicafor 60 days induced significant decrease in total cholesterol (P= 0.008) and LDL-cholesterol (P= 0.03) while increased HDL-cholesterol (P= 0.02) and TAP (P= 0.007) in comparison with the baseline values.S. khuzestanicadid not alter blood glucose, triglyceride, creatinin and TBARS levels. In comparison with baseline values, no significant change was observed in blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, TBARS and TAP in placebo-treated group. Usage ofS. khuzestanicaas a supplement to drug regimen of diabetic type 2 patients with hyperlipidemia is recommended.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
S Vinod Babu ◽  
Anusha R Jagadeesan ◽  
Jothimalar Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is emerging as an epidemic worldwide. Obesity is associated with a number of comorbid conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular abnormalities, anemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and psychosocial abnormalities. Aim This study aims at comparing the lipid profile levels of obese and nonobese men. Materials and methods This was a case—control study conducted at a tertiary care center. Totally, 80 men in the age group of 20 to 47 years attending the master health checkup were included in the study, out of which 40 men with normal body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 25 belonged to group I and 40 men with increased BMI of 30 and above belonged to group II. Lipid profile parameters, such as triglycerides (TGLs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were estimated in them. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 15.0. Results Statistically significant difference was found in the total cholesterol levels with a p-value of 0.040 while the difference in LDL cholesterol was statistically highly significant with a p-value of 0.040. Conclusion Among lipid profile parameters, only total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol showed significant difference between the obese and nonobese individuals. However, the other parameters like HDL cholesterol and TGLs did not show any significant difference. How to cite this article Babu SV, Jagadeesan AR, Ramalingam J. A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):73-75.

scholarly journals Comparison of preoperative and postoperative Lipid Profile changes in obese and morbidly obese patients after mini gastric bypass surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerim GUZEL ◽  
Mustafa IKIZEK
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Mini Gastric Bypass ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Significant Difference

Background & Objective: Obesity has become a serious health problem that has become increasingly important in recent years. Since patients with high levels of obesity have dyslipidemia and an unbalanced lipid profile, they have a high risk of both diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the short (3 months) and long term (12 months) effects of mini-gastric bypass surgery from the current bariatric surgical techniques on the lipid profile. Methods: Of the patients undergoing Mini-gastric bypass operation between January 2016 to December 2018 at the General Surgery Clinic of Private Samsun Büyük Anadolu Hospital, demographic data and changes in lipid concentrations at 3 and 12 months were analyzed. Patients were grouped according to age, sex, body mass index (BMI), cardiologic risk groups, bypass lengths, and obesity classes. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol values of the patients were examined at the time of admission to the outpatient clinic before the operation, at the postoperative third month and at the post-operative twelfth-month. Patients who did not go for a checkup during the one-year follow-up and whose data could not be reached or missing were excluded from the study. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of age, sex, and cardiovascular risk (p>0.05). Although the HDL-C level was initially low (p<0.001), it significantly increased 12 months after surgical treatment (p<0.001). While serum concentrations of LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were high preoperatively, they significantly decreased at 12 months postoperatively (p<0.001). When compared with values in the 3rd- and 12th-month, there was a significant decrease in the class-3 obesity group but not in the class-2 obesity group. When serum HDL cholesterol concentrations were compared with preoperative baseline and postoperative 12th-month those, no statistically-significant difference was found in serum concentrations in the 3rd month, although there was a significant increase in both class 2 and 3 obesity groups. Conclusion: In patients undergoing mini-gastric bypass surgery, serum LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations decreased in the 12th postoperative month, but serum HDL cholesterol concentrations increased. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4123 How to cite this:Guzel K, Ikizek M. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative Lipid Profile changes in obese and morbidly obese patients after mini gastric bypass surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4123 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DYSLIPOPROTEINEMIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH PRIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
N.V. Altunina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Relevance. In diabetes mellitus (DM), atherosclerotic plaques contain more fat, are more inflammatory, and show a higher risk of thrombus formation than in individuals without diabetes. One of the significant factors in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in these patients is atherogenic dyslipidemia, which includes a wide range of disorders and often precedes the onset of diabetes for several years. Therefore, it is relevant to study the features of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes after myocardial infarction (MI). Objective: to study changes in blood lipid spectrum parameters, including Apolipoproteins (Apo A-1, Apo B) and lipoprotein (a), in postinfarction patients with type 2 DM. Materials and methods. 119 patients (77 men and 42 women; mean age 61.09 ± 0.92 years) were examined, of which 42 were patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who suffered from MI and type 2 diabetes (main group), 39 patients with a history of MI without concomitant diabetes (comparison group I) and 38 patients with type 2 diabetes without MI (comparison group II). The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals, comparable in age and sex. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were determined in venous serum by enzymatic colorimetric method. According to the formulas, the level of cholesterol in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLC) was calculated; cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein (LDLC), coefficient of atherogenicity (CA). The level of lipoprotein (a) – LP (a), Apo A-1, and Apo B were determined by immunoturbidimetry. Blood sampling in patients was performed on an empty stomach. Results. In the main group, significantly higher rates of TC, TG, LDLC, VLDLC, AF, Apo B, and the ratio of Apo B/Apo A-1, compared with non-diabetic postinfarction patients. At the same time, there was a significantly lower concentration of HDLC, Apo A-1, and LP (a) – in patients with a history of diabetes mellitus. When comparing the indicators of patients in the main group with patients with isolated type 2 diabetes, there were significantly higher levels of LDL cholesterol and CA, as well as significantly lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apo A-1 in patients of the main group. The analysis of lipid metabolism in the comparison groups revealed a difference in the level of TG, LDL cholesterol, and Apo B, which have higher levels in patients with isolated type 2 diabetes, and the level of LP (a) – significantly higher in postinfarction patients, in contrast to diabetics. The results indicate deeper disorders of lipid metabolism in post-infarction patients with diabetes than in non-diabetic post-infarction patients, which may be due to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia. Conclusions. Dyslipoproteinemia in postinfarction patients with type 2 diabetes is characterized by a decrease in the content of antiatherogenic HDL cholesterol and its protein Apo A-1, moderate hypertriglyceridemia, increased levels of LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and Apo B, which causes higher values of cholesterol and increases AF. Elevations in lipid profile parameters such as TG, LDL cholesterol, and Apo B are more associated with diabetes, while higher concentrations of LP (a) are characteristic of postinfarction non-diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Effect of increased calcium consumption from fat-free milk in an energy-restricted diet on the metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised cross-over clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junia M. G. Gomes ◽  
Jorge d. A. Costa ◽  
Rita C. G. Alfenas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractWe investigated the effects of high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) v. low-Ca phase (CD) (prescription of approximately 800 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic measures in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d). In this randomised cross-over design, fourteen adults with T2DM (49·5 (sd 8·6) years, BMI 29·4 (sd 4·5) kg/m2) consumed either MD or CD for 12 weeks, with a washout of 18 weeks between phases. A breakfast shake containing 700 mg (MD) or 6·4 mg (CD) of Ca was consumed in the laboratory. In addition, energy-restricted diets were prescribed (800 mg of dietary Ca/d). Waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, fasting TAG, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting total cholesterol, fasting LDL-cholesterol, fasting HDL-cholesterol, HDL:LDL ratio, HDL:TAG ratio and lipid accumulation product (LAP) index were assessed at baseline and after each phase. Ca consumption during the study was equivalent to 1200 mg/d during MD and 525 mg/d during CD. There was a greater reduction in WC, SBP, DBP and LAP index after MD compared with CD. HDL:LDL ratio increased and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, SBP, DBP and LAP index decreased only in MD. The consumption of approximately 1200 mg of Ca/d (700 mg from fat-free milk+500mg from other dietary sources) associated with an energy-restricted diet decreased some of the MetS components and cardiometabolic measures in adults with T2DM.

scholarly journals Association of Apolipoprotein B with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in an Aboriginal Canadian Population1

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia H Ley ◽  
Stewart B Harris ◽  
Philip W Connelly ◽  
Mary Mamakeesick ◽  
Joel Gittelsohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Background: Expanding evidence indicates that apolipoprotein B (apo B) is superior to LDL cholesterol as a marker of vascular disease. Although traditional lipid measures are known to predict type 2 diabetes, limited data are available regarding apo B. We assessed the association of apo B with incident type 2 diabetes and compared it with traditional lipid variables as a risk predictor in aboriginal Canadians. Methods: Of an initial cohort of 606 individuals without diabetes in 1993–1995, 540 were contacted for the 10-year follow-up evaluation in 2003–2005. Fasting and 2-h postload glucose concentrations were obtained at baseline and follow-up to determine incident type 2 diabetes. Baseline fasting serum lipids were measured with standard laboratory procedures. Results: The cumulative 10-year incidence of type 2 diabetes was 17.5%. High concentrations of apo B, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, and low concentrations of HDL cholesterol were individually associated with incident type 2 diabetes in univariate analyses. Comparing C statistics of univariate models showed apo B to be a superior determinant of incident diabetes compared with LDL (P = 0.026) or HDL (P = 0.004) cholesterol. With multivariate adjustment including waist circumference, apo B (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.11–2.02) and triglycerides (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.12–1.98) remained associated with incident diabetes, whereas LDL and HDL cholesterol became nonsignificant. Conclusions: The association of plasma apo B with incident type 2 diabetes and its better prediction of risk compared with LDL or HDL cholesterol suggest the potential for the use of apo B in type 2 diabetes risk communication and prevention.

scholarly journals The Influence of Chronic Helicobacter Pylori Infection on some Serum Lipid Profile Parameters, Apolipoproteins A-I and B and Lp(a) Lipoprotein

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Sunčica Kojić-Damjanov ◽  
Mirjana Đerić ◽  
Nevena Eremić ◽  
Velibor Čabarkapa
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Lipid Profile ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Lipid Parameters

The Influence of Chronic Helicobacter Pylori Infection on some Serum Lipid Profile Parameters, Apolipoproteins A-I and B and Lp(a) Lipoprotein Data on proatherogenic lipid profile alterations due to chronic Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection are contradictory. Aim of this study was to examine the differences in some lipid parameters between 55 subjects of both gender with a chronic HP infection (IgG>50 U/mL and IgA <20 U/mL) and 55 gender matched HP seronegative subjects (IgG and IgA <20 U/mL). Total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.001), triglycerides (TG) (p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.02), non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) B (p<0.001), Lp(a) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) serum levels were higher in HP seropositive than in seronegative subjects, while there were almost no differences in apo A-I. In HP seropositive subjects, the frequency of pathological TC (p<0.001), TG (p<0.05), LDL-C (p<0.01), non-HDL-C (p<0.01), apo B (p<0.02) and Lp(a) serum levels was higher compared to seronegative. Serum HP IgG titers correlated negatively with TC, LDL-C (p<0.05), non-HDL-C, apo B and Lp(a) levels, and positively with TG, HDL-C and apo A-I levels. Results are similar for both genders. Our results confirm the hypothesis that a chronic HP infection could modify the lipid profile in a proatherogenic way.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Low GI Diet on Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Parameters in Patients with Type 2 and Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omorogieva Ojo ◽  
Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo ◽  
Xiao-Hua Wang ◽  
Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally, and its effect on patients and the healthcare system can be significant. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes are well established risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and strategies for managing these conditions include dietary interventions, such as the use of a low glycemic index (GI) diet. Aims: This review aimed to evaluate the effects of a low GI diet on the cardio-metabolic and inflammatory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and women with GDM and assess whether the effects are different in these conditions. Methods: This review was based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three databases (EMBASE, Pubmed, and PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 20 February 2019 using search terms that included synonyms and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in line with the population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and studies (PICOS) framework. Studies were evaluated for the quality and risk of bias. Results: 10 randomised controlled studies were included in the systematic review, while 9 were selected for the meta-analysis. Two distinct areas were identified: the effect of a low GI diet on lipid profile and the effect of a low GI diet on inflammatory parameters. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the low GI and higher GI diets with respect to total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there was a significant difference (p = 0.027) with respect to triglyceride which increased by a mean of 0.06 mmol/L (0.01, 0.11) in patients with type 2 diabetes on higher GI diet. With respect to the women with GDM, the findings from the systematic review were not consistent in terms of the effect of a low GI diet on the lipid profile. The results of the meta-analysis did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) between low GI and higher GI diets with respect to adiponectin and C-reactive proteins in patients with type 2 diabetes, but a significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between the two groups in relation to interleukin–6. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis have demonstrated that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the low GI and higher GI diets in relation to total cholesterol—HDL and LDL cholesterol—in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the two groups with respect to triglyceride in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results of the effect of a low GI diet on the lipid profile in patients with GDM were not consistent. With respect to the inflammatory parameters, the low GI diet significantly decreased interleukin–6 in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to the higher GI diet. More studies are needed in this area of research.

scholarly journals Targets of Statin Therapy: LDL Cholesterol, Non-HDL Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein B in Type 2 Diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS)

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Charlton-Menys ◽  
D John Betteridge ◽  
Helen Colhoun ◽  
John Fuller ◽  
Michael France ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
L Value

Abstract Background: LDL can vary considerably in its cholesterol content; thus, lowering LDL cholesterol (LDLC) as a goal of statin treatment implies the existence of considerable variation in the extent to which statin treatment removes circulating LDL particles. This consideration is particularly applicable in diabetes mellitus, in which LDL is frequently depleted of cholesterol. Methods: Type 2 diabetes patients randomly allocated to 10 mg/day atorvastatin (n = 1154) or to placebo (n = 1196) for 1 year were studied to compare spontaneous and statin-induced apolipoprotein B (apo B) concentrations (a measure of LDL particle concentration) at LDLC and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDLC) concentrations proposed as statin targets in type 2 diabetes. Results: Patients treated with atorvastatin produced lower serum apo B concentrations at any given LDLC concentration than patients on placebo. An LDLC concentration of 1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) during atorvastatin treatment was equivalent to a non-HDLC concentration of 2.59 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) or an apo B concentration of 0.8 g/L. At the more conservative LDLC targets of 2.59 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) and 3.37 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) for non-HDLC, however, the apo B concentration exceeded the 0.9-g/L value anticipated in the recent Consensus Statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology. Conclusions: The apo B concentration provides a more consistent goal for statin treatment than the LDLC or non-HDLC concentration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document