scholarly journals Resource utilization of Sambucus williamsii Hance root

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3 Part A) ◽  
pp. 1697-1703
Author(s):  
Huiling Chen ◽  
Shuaiwei Dong ◽  
Zhiyong Sun ◽  
Yaoming Wang ◽  
Xuefeng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Products ◽  
Ft Ir

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to bio-energy. People are eager to find new substances from sustainable forest products for energy research. As an important forest resource, Sambucus williamsii Hance has gradually attracted people?s attention. Therefore, in order to explore a new way of comprehensive utilization of Sambucus williamsii Hance, the root samples of Sambucus williamsii Hance were collected and extracted with ethanol, benzene/ethanol and methanol, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry (TGA) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) were used to detect the treated samples, and various substances in Sambucus williamsii Hance root were studied in depth. The results show that the thermal decomposition products of raw material powders and extracts contain many chemical substances. Such as (1R) - (-) ?Myrtenal, D-Mannose, Furfural, O-Xylene, Phenol, 2,6-dimethyl-. These substances have broad application prospects in chemical industry, bio-medicine, food additives and other fields, thus providing a theoretical basis for the rational use of Sambucus williamsii Hance.

scholarly journals Novel P/Si Based Nanoparticles for Durable Flame Retardant Application on Cotton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Panpan Chen ◽  
Dongni Liu ◽  
Gaowei Kang ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Cotton fibers as original materials of cotton fabrics have a widely application due to its perfect hygroscopicity, air permeability and largest annual output. However, cotton materials have potential safety hazard during its application because of flammability (limiting oxygen index is about 18%). In order to improve the flame retardancy of cotton fibers and reduce the damage of its mechanical properties, novel P/Si based flame retardant (PFR) nanoparticles were synthesized by one-step radical polymerization. Vinyl phosphoric acid and tetramethyl divinyl disiloxane were introduced into the nanoparticles. The structure, morphology and thermal stability of PFR was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis test (TGA). Durable flame retardant cotton fibers were prepared by dip-coating and plasma induced crosslinking methods. Micro-calorimeter (MCC) characterization showed that the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release were reduced by 47.3% and 29.8% for modified cotton fibers compared with pure cotton fibers. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) of modified cotton fibers was increased to 27%. The residue carbon of modified cotton fibers was 19.0% at 700 o C, while the value of pure cotton fibers was 3.0%. Besides, durability of the modified cotton fibers was approved by cyclic washing test. In addition, flame retardant mechanism was revealed by collecting and analyzing condensed and gaseous pyrolysis products. The data of FE-SEM for residue carbon, FT-IR spectra of products at different pyrolysis temperatures and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) showed that PFR was a synergistic flame retardant contained barrier and quenching effecting applied on cotton materials.

scholarly journals Odor Recognition of Thermal Decomposition Products of Electric Cables Using Odor Sensing Arrays

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Yuanchang Liu ◽  
Shintaro Furuno ◽  
Sosuke Akagawa ◽  
Rui Yatabe ◽  
Takeshi Onodera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Odor Recognition ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Products ◽  
Electric Cables

An odor sensing system with chemosensitive resistors was used to identify the gases generated from overheated cables to prevent fire. Three different electric cables for a distribution cabinet were used. The cables had an insulation layer made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). The heat resistance of the cables was tested by differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses. The thermal decomposition products of the cables were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the odor sensing system, two types of 16-channel array were used to detect the generated gases. One contains high-polarity GC stationary phase materials and the other contains GC stationary phase materials of high to low polarity. The system could distinguish among three cable samples at 270 °C with an accuracy of about 75% through both arrays trained with machine learning. Furthermore, the system could achieve a recall rate of 90% and a precision rate of 70% when the abnormal temperature was set above the cables’ allowable conductor temperature at 130 °C. The odor sensing system could effectively detect the abnormal heating of the cables before the occurrence of fire. Therefore, it is helpful for fire prediction and detection systems in factories and substations.

scholarly journals Identification of Compounds Released During Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Using Pyrolysis-GC/MS

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieni Mansur ◽  
Sabar Pangihutan Simanungkalit
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Bio Oil

Pyrolysis is one of thermochemical conversion to convert biomass into bio-oil. The higher energy content in bio-oil suggests its potential as a raw material in the production of energy, bio-fuels, and other chemicals. Pyrolysis of PKS and the chemicals released were studied using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) at 400-600°C. Prior to pyrolysis, thermogravimetry experiments were carried out to monitor the degradation temperature of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in the PKS. Degradation of hemicellulose occurred within a temperature range of 150-330°C, whereas the cellulose was degraded in temperatures range between 330-400°C. Degradation of lignin took place within a broad range of temperatures, which reached maximum at temperatures range of 200-500°C. Based on the Py-GC/MS results, pyrolysis of PKS at 400°C produced bio-oil that can be used as biofuel due to its high aromatic compounds but low carboxylic acids contents. Keywords: bio-oil; chemical; palm kernel shell; Py-GC/MS; thermogravimetry .

scholarly journals Torrefaction of Short Rotation Coppice of Poplar under Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Atmospheres

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Álvarez ◽  
Gemma Gutiérrez ◽  
María Matos ◽  
Consuelo Pizarro ◽  
Julio L. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Reaction Orders

Torrefaction improves some of the poorest characteristics of biomass such as hygroscopicity, low energy density, or poor grindability which may cause some problems during its handling, storage and combustion. The aim of this work is to apply the torrefaction process to a Short Rotation Coppice of Poplar (SRCP) and characterize the new fuel. Therefore, both non-oxidative and oxidative torrefaction of SRCP were conducted in a tube furnace reactor within the range 200–240 °C and the torrefied biomass was fully characterize, i.e., proximate, ultimate, compositional and heating value analysis as well as wettability studies. In addition, Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was performed at optimal torrefaction temperature. Torrefaction kinetics were obtained using a thermogravimetric analyzer at optimal torrefaction temperature. Minimum mass and energy yields were found to be respectively 85.0% and 87.4% for oxidative torrefaction and 87.5% and 94.1% for non-oxidative option. Moisture was reduced from 6.97% to 4.8% and 4.4% for oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction, respectively. Wettability studies carried out show an increase in hydrophobic behavior. Lignin was affected by torrefaction since decomposition products from guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units were released during Py-GC/MS experiments. The reaction orders were 1.92 and 1.82 for oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction, respectively and kinetic constant values were 5.99·× 10−5 and 2.98·× 10−5 s−1.

scholarly journals Accelerated Ageing Procedures to Assess the Stability of an Unconventional Acrylic-Wax Polymeric Emulsion for Contemporary Art

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1925
Author(s):  
Francesca Caterina Izzo ◽  
Eleonora Balliana ◽  
Emanuela Perra ◽  
Elisabetta Zendri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Aqueous Emulsion ◽  
Zinc White ◽  
Acrylic Copolymers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Contemporary Painting

This research evaluates the stability of an aqueous emulsion of acrylic copolymers and waxes. Edelwachs, generally applied on wood, has been recently used as an unconventional medium in contemporary painting. Through Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FT-IR-ATR) analyses, the composition of Edelwachs was defined as a mixture of acrylic polymers (MA, MMA, nBA, nBMA), Carnauba and microcrystalline waxes and additives. Mock-ups-obtained mixing Edelwachs with titanium white, zinc white and ultramarine blue were subjected to UV, high temperatures, and high relative humidity accelerated ageing. The effect of the ageing procedures was evaluated through optical microscopy, colourimetric measurements, FT-IR-ATR, Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) and wettability measures. FT-IR-ATR spectra do not show significant variations in terms of chemical stability, indicating a fair stability of Edelwachs as a painting binder. UV and high temperature treatments show the most relevant effects in terms of colorimetric changes (increasing of b*) and thermal stability. The TG-DSC highlights the influence of the pigments (specifically zinc white) mainly on the thermal behaviour of the acrylates. The unexpected decrease of wettability of the paint films, registered after ageing, may indicate a possible phase separation among acrylates and waxes.

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