scholarly journals Natural gas turbo-expander systems: A dynamic simulation model for energy and economic analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2215-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Barone ◽  
Annamaria Buonomano ◽  
Francesco Calise ◽  
Adolfo Palombo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Expansion System

Natural gas is typically transported for long distances through high pressure pipelines. Such pressure must be reduced before the gas distribution to users. The natural gas lamination process, traditionally adopted for this scope, may determine hydrate formation which may damagingly affect the system operation. Therefore, in order to avoid such circumstance, a suitable gas preheating is required. On the other hand, the available pressure drop can be recovered through a turbo-expansion system in order to provide mechanical energy to drive electricity generators. In this case a higher gas preheating is necessary. This paper presents a detailed simulation model capable to accurately analyse this process as well as the traditional decompression one. Such new model, implemented in a computer tool written in MATLAB, allows one to dynamically assess the energy, economic and environmental performance of these systems, by also taking into account hourly energy prices and weather conditions. Two turbo-expansion system layouts are modelled and simulated. In particular, the gas preheating is obtained by considering two different scenarios: gas-fired heater or solar thermal collectors. Another novelty of the presented dynamic simulation tool is the capability to take into account the time fluctuations of electricity feed-in and purchase tariffs. Finally, a suitable case study relative to a gas decompression station located in South Italy is also presented. Here, a remarkable primary energy savings and avoided CO2 emissions can be obtained through the examined turbo-expansion systems vs. traditional decompression ones. Results show that the economic profitability of the investigated novel technology depends on the available gas pressure drops and flow rates and on the produced electricity use.

scholarly journals An Economic, Energy, and Environmental Analysis of PV/Micro-CHP Hybrid Systems: A Case Study of a Tertiary Building

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4082 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Salmerón Lissén ◽  
Laura Romero Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco Durán Parejo ◽  
Francisco Sánchez de la Flor
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Economic Analyses

Our present standard of living depends strongly on energy sources, with buildings being a primary focus when it comes to reducing energy consumption due to their large contribution, especially in tertiary buildings. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the performance of two different designs of hybrid systems, composed of natural gas engines and photovoltaic panels. This will be done through simulations in TRNSYS, considering a representative office building with various schedules of operation (8, 12, and 24 h), as well as different climates in Spain. The main contributions of this paper are the evaluations of primary energy-consumption, emissions, and economic analyses for each scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to observe the influence of energy prices, as well as that of the costs of the micro-CHP engines and PV modules. The results show that the scenario with the conventional system and PV modules is the most profitable one currently. However, if electricity prices are increased in the future or natural gas prices are reduced, the scenario with micro-CHP engines and PV modules will become the most profitable option. Energy service engineers, regulators, and manufacturers are the most interested in these results.

scholarly journals Effects of implementation of co-generation in the district heating system of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Nis

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl.) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Stojiljkovic ◽  
Mirko Stojiljkovic ◽  
Bratislav Blagojevic ◽  
Goran Vuckovic ◽  
Marko Ignjatovic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Boiler House ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

Implementation of co-generation of thermal and electrical energy in district heating systems often results with higher overall energy efficiency of the systems, primary energy savings and environmental benefits. Financial results depend on number of parameters, some of which are very difficult to predict. After introduction of feed-in tariffs for generation of electrical energy in Serbia, better conditions for implementation of co-generation are created, although in district heating systems barriers are still present. In this paper, possibilities and effects of implementation of natural gas fired cogeneration engines are examined and presented for the boiler house that is a part of the district heating system owned and operated by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Nis. At the moment, in this boiler house only thermal energy is produced. The boilers are natural gas fired and often operate in low part load regimes. The plant is working only during the heating season. For estimation of effects of implementation of co-generation, referent values are taken from literature or are based on the results of measurements performed on site. Results are presented in the form of primary energy savings and greenhouse gasses emission reduction potentials. Financial aspects are also considered and triangle of costs is shown.

scholarly journals Biomethane use for automobiles towards a CO2-neutral energy system

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-140
Author(s):  
Fabio Orecchini ◽  
Adriano Santiangeli ◽  
Fabrizio Zuccari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Abstract To pursue the goal of sustainable mobility, two main paths can be considered: the electrification of vehicles and the use of biofuels, replacing fossil fuels, in internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This paper proposes an analysis of different possible scenarios for automobiles towards a CO2-neutral energy system, in the path of the use of biofuels and the production, distribution and use of biomethane. The study, an update of work presented previously, focuses on different scenarios that take into account numerous parameters that affect the overall efficiency of the production-and-use process. A Well-to-Wheel analysis is used to estimate the primary energy savings and reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions compared both to the use of fossil-based methane and to other fuels and automotive technologies. In particular, the study shows that the Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption (NRPEC) for biomethane is slightly higher (+9%) than that of biodiesel, but significantly lower than those of all the other power trains analysed: –69% compared to the battery electric vehicle (BEV) and –55% compared to bioethanol. Compared to the use of fossil natural gas, the NRPEC is reduced to just over a third (2.81). With regard to CO2 emissions, biomethane has the lowest values: –69% compared to BEV, –176% compared to bioethanol and –124% with respect to biodiesel. Compared to the use of fossil natural gas, the CO2 emissions are reduced over a third (3.55). Moreover, the paper shows that biomethane can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles in Italy, proposing two different hypotheses: maximum production and minimum production. It is evident, therefore, that biomethane production can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles: this means that the use of biomethane in the car can lead to a reduction in NRPEC equal to 28.9 × 106 GJ/year and a reduction of CO2 emissions equal to 1.9 × 106 t/year.

scholarly journals Energy saving prospectives of combined heat and power in horticulture in the Netherlands: a simulation study

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
H.F. De Zwart ◽  
G.P.A. Bot
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model

This paper studies the prospects for the use of reject heat from on-site combined heat and power generation in horticulture. In particular, the consequences of CO2-dosing with exhaust gases is studied. All computations are made with a recently developed dynamic simulation model describing the energy consumption of a greenhouse and the performance of its heating system as a function of outside weather conditions and horticultural requests of growers in the Netherlands.

Investigation for the Role of Oil and Natural Gas in the BIST Sector Indexes in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 262-283
Author(s):  
Uğur Uzun ◽  
Zafer Adalı
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Relationship

In this chapter, the authors aim to investigate the association between the primary energy sources' prices involving oil and natural gas and sectors indices operating the Turkey stock market for the period covering 2012M1-2021M3. Regarding energy price indicators, Brent oil and natural gas real-time future prices are preferred in the models, and BIST Industrials (XUSIN), BIST Chem-Petrol Plastic (XKMYA), and BIST Electricity (XELKT) indices are used as financial performance indicators. Fourier unit root tests improved by Becker et al. and Fourier co-integration tests improved by Tsong et al. are employed to investigate the relationship between considered variables. As a result of the models, it is found that the energy prices and financial performance index do not move together in the long run; in other words, change in oil and natural gas prices seem not to have an impact on the sector indexes.

scholarly journals Advanced System Controls and Energy Savings for Industrial Boilers

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Willems
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Industrial Boilers ◽  
Boiler Design ◽  
One Year

The price of natural gas exceeded $15/MM Btu in December 2005 compared to $6/MM Btu just one year ago! It was also just $2/MM Btu in the 1990’s. Crude oil prices exceeded $70/barrel in 2005 compared to $45/barrel just one year ago! To put this into perspective, a 600 HP boiler operating at a 50% average load for 12 hours per day, 365 days per year would have consumed $321,800 in natural gas one year ago but will consume $804,490 in natural per year at today’s cost! The increased cost of fuel has affected operational costs for all boilers regardless of size, age, or manufacturer. The US dependence on foreign oil and natural gas, as well as the escalating energy demands of China, India, and other countries will likely drive energy prices higher in the future. This increase in the cost of fuel has driven responsible boiler manufacturers to develop new products or modify existing ones in order to reduce energy consumption. Major developments have been made in the past few years which improve boiler efficiency, offer innovative heat recovery systems, and integrate high tech controls into boiler systems. This paper will address the developments in boiler design, control systems, and heat recovery systems which all contribute to energy savings. Paper published with permission.

Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Nazri Mohammed ◽  
Werner Witt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature ofwaste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses ofintegrating backpressure turbine ofa power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency ofthe primary fuel is calculated for different operating range ofthe heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperaturedifference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

Dynamic simulation of a low loaded trickling filter for nitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seggelke ◽  
F. Obenaus ◽  
K.-H. Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Examination Period ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Measuring Campaign

For this report, an existing biofilm model was examined in regard to its suitability for the simulation of full scale trickling filter for nitrification. The system was calibrated using the results ascertained in a measuring campaign under dry weather conditions. The verification was done using the results of a second examination period which included spells of stormwater input. It was possible for all periods to satisfactorily illustrate the degradation performance of the simulated trickling filters in regard to dynamics and quantity.

scholarly journals Study on improving three-dimensional dynamic simulation model and equation of flexible fabric

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401985284
Author(s):  
Meiliang Wang ◽  
Mingjun Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Li
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Equation Solving ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Simulation Equation

The use of the traditional fabric simulation model evidently shows that it cannot accurately reflect the material properties of the real fabric. This is against the background that the simulation result is artificial or an imitation, which leads to a low simulation equation. In order to solve such problems from occurring, there is need for a novel model that is designed to enhance the essential properties required for a flexible fabric, the simulation effect of the fabric, and the efficiency of simulation equation solving. Therefore, the improvement study results will offer a meaningful and practical understanding within the field of garment automation design, three-dimensional animation, virtual fitting to mention but a few.

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