scholarly journals Carbon dioxide as the replacement for synthetic refrigerants in mobile air conditioning

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragi Antonijevic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Co2 Utilization ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Based on Kyoto Protocol and the decisions of European Commission R134a refrigerant, currently dominantly used in mobile air conditioning systems, needs to be phased-out. At present automotive industry looks at carbon dioxide (CO2; R744) as the refrigerant of the future. Apart from the environmental benefits discussed are the technical characteristics of carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle and mobile air-conditioning systems in comparison to R134a refrigerant. Analyzed are challenges emerged from the use of CO2 as refrigerant and improvement opportunities in regards to increase of the system performance and efficiency. Particular attention is dedicated to the advantages of CO2 utilization in prospective automotive heat pump systems.

A Study on the Performance of Drinking Fountain Using CO2 Heat Pump under Different System Pressures

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 2433-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lieh Wu ◽  
Yu Dai Shiue ◽  
Kuo Hsiang Chien ◽  
Chiu Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Alternative Refrigerant ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Natural Refrigerant

To avoid continuous damage of ozone layer and deterioration of global warming, many countries have devoted to the development and application of natural refrigerant. Although CO2, an alternative refrigerant in the area of air conditioning is not the best all-temperature refrigerant, it has the lowest operating risk as compared to hydrocarbon (HCs) and ammonia.Traditional drinking fountain provides heat source through secondary energy source - electric heating; however, the heating effect is limited. Since heat pump has a high performance, this study used a carbon dioxide heat pump, which has energy-saving effect and high efficiency, to provide heat source to drinking fountains. It further assembled the drinking fountain system with carbon dioxide heat pump and analyzed its performance.

Main Existing Problems and Respective Countermeasures of Ground-Source Heat Pump Technique Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 2327-2330
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Wei Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Based on the investigation results of 40 operation projects of ground-source heat pump air-conditioning systems in Shandong, analyses the problems of ground source heat pump existed in project application and puts forward respective technical and management countermeasures, providing reference for other similar applications.

Economic Evaluation of Ground-Source Heat Pump Air-Conditioning Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1125-1128
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Analyze economically and make evaluation of several investment projects of ground-source heat pump combining relevant economic evaluation methods. Compare this system with other conventional air conditioning systems in economic input to provide suggestions for applying and promoting the ground-source heat pump air-conditioning system.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Thermoelectric Air-conditioning System

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. Anthony Adeyanju ◽  
K. Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Thermoelectric Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Dc Current

Thermoelectric devices use the Peltier effect which creates a heat flux between the junctions of two different types of materials. The thermoelectric module also referred to as a heat pump transfers heat from one side to the other when a DC current is applied. This study carried out the theoretical and experimental analysis of a thermoelectric air conditioning system. A prototype thermoelectric air conditioner of 286 W cooling capacity was built and a testing enclosure made from plywood and Styrofoam was also constructed in order to validate the theoretical result with an experimentation. It was discovered that thermoelectric air conditioning took 4 minutes to reach its desired temperature of 22℃ whereas the standard air conditioning system (Refrigeration Cycle) took 20 minutes to cool to a room temperature. Economically it was also discovered that thermoelectric air conditioning system is 50% cheaper than the refrigeration cycle air conditioning systems. The thermoelectric air conditioner has cheaper maintenance and greater estimated life span of 7 years more than the refrigeration air conditioner. This is because the air conditioner that operates on the refrigeration cycle uses a rotating compressor while the thermoelectric air conditioner uses thermometric module.

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