scholarly journals FBC utilization prospects in decentralized cogeneration units in Caucasus region countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
George Skodras ◽  
Panayiotis Amarantos ◽  
Emmanuel Kakaras
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Performance Results

Great differences are encountered among Caucasus region countries with respect to energy resources reserves and economic conditions. Thermal power plants consist of obsolete and inefficient units, while the Soviet-type large heating systems in the area collapsed after 1992 and their reconstruction is considered uneconomic. Renovation needs of the power and heat sector, and the potential of Fluidised Bed Combustion implementations in decentralized cogeneration units were investigated, since operating oil and gas power plants exhibit high fuel consumption, low efficiency and poor environmental performance. Results showed significant prospects of Fluidised Bed Combustion utilization in decentralized cogeneration units in the Caucausus region heat and power sector. Their introduction constitutes an economically attractive way to cover power and heat demands and promotes utilization of domestic energy resources in all of three countries, provided that financial difficulties could be confronted.

CFB Refurbishment Opportunities in Russia

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grammelis ◽  
N. Koukouzas ◽  
G. Skodras ◽  
E. Kakaras ◽  
A. Tumanovski
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Power Plant Equipment ◽  
Milled Peat ◽  
Plant Equipment ◽  
Low Efficiency

The paper aims to present the current status of the coal-fired power sector in Russia, the prospects for renovation activities based on the fluidised bed technology and the existing experience on CFB refurbishment projects. The renovation needs of the power sector, among the retrofitting, repowering and reconstruction options, were estimated through a multi-criteria analysis. The most attractive system to renovate a power plant between the Supercritical Combustion (SC) and the Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) technology was evaluated. Furthermore, the boiler replacement with a CFB unit in the Shatura power plant was studied and its replication potential in the Russian coal-fired power plant park was examined. Nowadays, the installed capacity of coal-fired power plants in the Russian Federation is 29.3 GWe, while they account for about 19% of the total electricity generation in the area. The low efficiency and especially the advanced age are the determinant factors for renovation applications at the Russian units. Even in the more conservative modernisation scenario, over 30% of the thermoelectric units have to be repowered or reconstructed. CFB is the most promising technology for such modernisation projects, when the renovation potential is high. The main characteristics including high volatile yield, low ash content and a large share of light fractions in the as-fired milled peat were taken into account during the CFB boiler calculations in the Shatura power plant. Upgrading the existing coal-fired power plant equipment with CFB technology, which is known to be environmental friendly and efficient, will open new perspectives to the operating power plants in Russia.

scholarly journals Selection of Heat Pump Capacity Used at Thermal Power Plants under Electricity Market Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Milana Treshcheva ◽  
Irina Anikina ◽  
Vitaly Sergeev ◽  
Sergey Skulkin ◽  
Dmitry Treshchev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Maximum Heat

The percentage of heat pumps used in thermal power plants (TPPs) in the fuel and energy balance is extremely low in in most countries. One of the reasons for this is the lack of a systematic approach to selecting and justifying the circuit solutions and equipment capacity. This article aims to develop a new method of calculating the maximum capacity of heat pumps. The method proposed in the article has elements of marginal analysis. It takes into account the limitation of heat pump capacity by break-even operation at electric power market (compensation of fuel expenses, connected with electric power production). In this case, the heat pump’s maximum allowable capacity depends on the electric capacity of TPP, electricity consumption for own needs, specific consumption of conditional fuel for electricity production, a ratio of prices for energy resources, and a conversion factor of heat pump. For TPP based on combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) CCGT-450 with prices at the Russian energy resources markets at the level of 2019, when operating with the maximum heat load, the allowable heat pump capacity will be about 50 MW, and when operating with the minimum heat load—about 200 MW.

scholarly journals Digitalizing the Process of Tracking Technical Condition of the Main Equipment of Energy Providing Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Plotnikova ◽  
Artem Bainov ◽  
Yulia Torkunova ◽  
Maria Nadezhdina
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Low Efficiency

The existing power facilities of the Republic of Tatarstan face a number of disadvantages related to the system for recording data on the technical condition of boiler and turbine equipment: manual calculation of the parameters of equipment operation, lack of direct access to complete information on the condition of equipment and, as a result, low efficiency in identifying malfunctions, deviations in the operation of equipment, carrying out repair work. Hence, the need for digitalization of the system for recording data on the technical condition of equipment was formed, in response to which software was developed for automating the data recording system and visualizing the technical parameters of reliability at thermal power plants. This proposal is distinguished by the introduction of digital technologies in the process of recording data on the technical condition of equipment, where for the first time the software includes a method for automatically calculating the technical condition index of boiler units. The results of the work will reduce the likelihood of an emergency state of power plant equipment.

Numerical Simulation of the Combustion Behavior of Different Biomasses in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boiler

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mueller ◽  
Anders Brink ◽  
Mikko Hupa
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Combustion Behavior ◽  
Bubbling Bed ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Solid fuels currently used for energy production in thermal power plants are characterized by a large variety ranging from different coals to biomasses and wastes. This manifold of fuels offers opportunities to the energy producers and nowadays many power plants do not fire single fuels but fuel mixtures. While this procedure may lead to overall economic and environmental advantages it is very demanding for the boiler operators to maintain boiler performance and availability and to meet emission limits. The development of mathematical models that are capable of predicting the combustion behavior of fuel mixtures and provide guidelines for operators and manufacturers has been a challenge over the last years. Since bubbling fluidized beds are frequently used for firing fuel mixtures and especially biomass mixtures, current CFD based BFB models, such as the A˚bo Akademi Furnace Model, have been used widely over the last years to predict emission tendencies and ash deposition behavior. However, due to the complexity of the processes during combustion of fuel mixtures and the combustion process in the bubbling fluidised bed itself, the models are characterized by strong simplifications. This is especially true for the description of the lower part of the furnace, the region of fuel intake and bubbling bed. Recently, the A˚bo Akademi Furnace Model has been extended by a more detailed description of the fuel conversion by considering the combustion of individual biomass particles and a first simplified approach describing heat and mass transfer processes between the bubbling bed and the freeboard. Both submodels guarantee a closed mass and energy balance over the bed-freeboard region. In the current study the new submodels have been used to investigate the combustion conditions in a 290 MW bubbling fluidized bed boiler firing peat and forest residue. Clear differences in the simulation results for the both fuels can be found with regard to the specific combustion characteristics, the location of the main combustion zone and the total heat generated during combustion.

scholarly journals Economic Consequences of Cooling Water Insufficiency in the Thermal Power Sector under Climate Change Scenarios

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Naota Hanasaki ◽  
Shinichiro Fujimori
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract: Currently, thermal power is the largest source of power in the world. Although the impacts of climate change on cooling water sufficiency in thermal power plants have been extensively assessed globally and regionally, their economic consequences have seldom been evaluated. In this study, the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model Computable General Equilibrium model (AIM/CGE) was used to evaluate the economic consequences of projected future cooling water insufficiency on a global basis, which was simulated using the H08 global hydrological model. This approach enabled us to investigate how the physical impacts of climate change on thermal power generation influence economic activities in regions and industrial sectors. To account for the uncertainty of climate change projections, five global climate models and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6 and 8.5) were used. The ensemble-mean results showed that the global gross domestic product (GDP) loss in 2070–2095 due to cooling water insufficiency in the thermal power sector was −0.21% (−0.12%) in RCP8.5 (RCP2.6). Among the five regions, the largest GDP loss of −0.57% (−0.27%) was observed in the Middle East and Africa. Medium-scale losses of −0.18% (−0.12%) and −0.14% (−0.12%) were found in OECD90 (the member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development as of 1990) and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, respectively. The smallest losses of −0.05% (−0.06%) and −0.09% (−0.08%) were found in Latin America and Asia, respectively. The economic impact of cooling water insufficiency was non-negligible and should be considered as one of the threats induced by climate change.

scholarly journals Spatial assessment of the distribution and potential of bioenergy resources in Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asima Koshim ◽  
Marat Karatayev ◽  
Michèle L. Clarke ◽  
William Nock
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Renewable Energy Production ◽  
Bioenergy Generation ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
Significant Opportunity

Abstract. Kazakhstan is naturally rich in fossil fuels and its economy is strongly linked to oil and gas exports. Significant coal reserves have led to an energy mix that is dominated by aging and polluting thermal power plants. Yet Kazakhstan comprises mainly grassland steppe where agriculture and livestock pastoralism dominate offering the potential for cleaner, renewable energy production from a range of agricultural and forestry wastes. Here we analyse the spatial distribution and bioenergy generation potential of different feedstocks using an ArcGIS platform and demonstrate a significant opportunity for a range of bioenergy technologies. We recommend a number of policy interventions to enable Kazakhstan to make a transition to cleaner, more accessible and locally generated supply which is also sustainable and provide a waste management solution.

CONVERSION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS TO VISCOUS LIQUIDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
O. Andreev ◽  
L. Zagrebelnaya ◽  
O. Kobets
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Viscous Liquids

The urgency of the work is due to the large use of modern industry centrifugal pumps for pumping viscous liquids. In the energy sector, this is the use of fuel oil and thermal power plants, mineral oils and oil and gas-based lubricants as reserve fuel, and so on.The use of the characteristics of centrifugal pumps for viscous substances requires their recalculation. These data show the relevance of the problem of recalculating the characteristics of centrifugal pumps for viscous substances.In the oil industry, thousands of centrifugal pumps operate at oil pumping stations and in oil refining processes.The conducted researches and the analysis of their results give the chance to control giving of the centrifugal pump in technological process of cracking of oil products on an example of application of ACS.Analytical researches of a technique of recalculations are given.The characteristic of centrifugal pumps by calculations of approximation coefficients by the method of least squares is given.The performed studies confirmed the theoretical data on the influence of liquid viscosity on the appearance of the characteristics of centrifugal pumps.Studies also show that a sufficiently high accuracy of calculations of characteristics from water to liquid is provided for high-speed pumps which are in the range n = 50–130, that is for low-speed and normal wheels of centrifugal pumps.With the improvement of fluid quality, the rotation of the wheel shaft deteriorates. Therefore, there is a need to have the characteristics of such pumps at different speeds. The construction of such characteristics is based on the theory of similarity of centrifugal pumps, from which the so-called proportionality formulas are obtained, which allow to list (Q–H) the characteristics of the pump when the speed changes.Bringing characteristics to the analytical form allows you to use the Ace feed control. The means of regulation by changing the speed provides a significant reduction in electricity consumption.These data show the relevance of the problem of recalculating the characteristics of centrifugal pumps for viscous substances.

Thermal Power Sector Sustainability

2018 ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
Suchismita Satapathy ◽  
Jitendra Narayan Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain Management ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices in thermal power plants is dependent on mostly three pillars: social factor, economic factor, and environmental factor. So, in this chapter, sustainable supply chain management of Indian thermal power sector is evaluated. Artificial neural network (ANN) method is implemented to measure whether the benefits of sustainable supply chain management are achieved after practices of sustainable supply chain management in Indian thermal power sector. This chapter also designs a framework by QFD (quality function deployment) method to find solution for some unsatisfactory measures (inputs in sustainable factors) that are not achieved against outputs. As sustainable supply chain management practices in thermal power plants are influenced by a significant number of interrelated enablers and barriers, the drivers or enablers of SSCM are taken as the design requirement to improve SSCM in thermal power industries, and the most important driver is prioritized against the unsatisfied measurands in thermal power sector.

Considerations Regarding Environmental Aspects of Risk Management in the Oil and Gas Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mădălina Albu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Management System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
System Risk

The current global industry depends to a large extent on oil, gas and products. Hydrocarbons form of oil and its derivatives have become the main source of energy for the majority population. Crude oil, through its many uses is very important because it is cleaner than coal and cheaper and easier to transport than natural gas. Sometimes it called "black gold" and provides nearly half of the energy used in the world. Without it, would block transportation and large industrial equipment or thermal power plants could not operate.All activities of an organization involve risks and risk management is the process of substantiating the decision, taking into account the effects of uncertainty on objectives materialize and the establishment of measures and actions needed. To have the expected effectiveness within the organization, risk management must become an integral part of the administration, politics and culture of the organization. Environmental risk management differs significantly from other types of risk management due to the fact that its particular characteristics reflecting the complexity of the environmentEnvironmental risk management is an integral part of the overall management system. Establishing detailed integration or interaction management system risk management system or environmental management systems implemented by the organization must not lead to increase resources needed for this process.Safety and environmental issues top the agenda remains in the oil and gas companies when it comes to risk management. Oil and natural gas, both extraction and transport, has a range of important risks both to workers from these activities by accidents at work are exposed to people from neighboring villages (major accident) and for the environment.This paper presents theoretical and practical considerations regarding the implementation of the concept of risk management in their activity in the oil and gas industry and emphasizes the aspects of the environmental risks of oil industry. In the first part of the paper theoretical considerations are made on risk management and risk management standard. In the second part also presents practical aspects of how risk management is implemented in the oil and gas industry.

scholarly journals Improvement of environmental aspects of thermal power plant operation by advanced control concepts

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mikulandric ◽  
Drazen Loncar ◽  
Dejan Cvetinovic ◽  
Gabriel Spiridon ◽  
Daniel Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plant Components

The necessity of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, as formulated in the Kyoto Protocol, imposes the need for improving environmental aspects of existing thermal power plants operation. Improvements can be reached either by efficiency increment or by implementation of emission reduction measures. Investments in refurbishment of existing plant components or in plant upgrading by flue gas desulphurization, by primary and secondary measures of nitrogen oxides reduction, or by biomass co-firing, are usually accompanied by modernisation of thermal power plant instrumentation and control system including sensors, equipment diagnostics and advanced controls. Impact of advanced control solutions implementation depends on technical characteristics and status of existing instrumentation and control systems as well as on design characteristics and actual conditions of installed plant components. Evaluation of adequacy of implementation of advanced control concepts is especially important in Western Balkan region where thermal power plants portfolio is rather diversified in terms of size, type and commissioning year and where generally poor maintenance and lack of investments in power generation sector resulted in high greenhouse gases emissions and low efficiency of plants in operation. This paper is intended to present possibilities of implementation of advanced control concepts, and particularly those based on artificial intelligence, in selected thermal power plants in order to increase plant efficiency and to lower pollutants emissions and to comply with environmental quality standards prescribed in large combustion plant directive.

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