scholarly journals Is Sider still a perdurantist?

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Nikola Stamenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Fundamental Level ◽  
Mereological Nihilism ◽  
The World ◽  
Mereological Fusion ◽  
Temporal Parts ◽  
Theodore Sider ◽  
Four Dimensionalism ◽  
Additional Object

In Writing the Book of the World (2011) Theodore Sider claims that on the fundamental level of reality there are no objects composed of parts, which makes his view a version of mereological nihilism. However, in his previous book entitled Four-Dimensionalism (2001), Sider endorses mereological universalism, the thesis that every class of objects has a mereological fusion, i.e. that there exists an additional object containing those objects as parts, which plays a crucial role in his argument from vagueness in favour of perdurantism, that is the thesis of the existence of temporal parts of material objects. In this paper I will investigate whether Sider can still be a perdurantist in spite of his latest commitment to mereological nihilism.

Schopenhauer and Hume on Will and Causation

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Severin Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Intentional Action ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
Immediate Experience

One aspect of Schopenhauer’s doctrine that the world is will, which can be assessed independently of his more ambitious metaphysical ideas, is the claim that our own agency provides us with a full understanding of causation which then permeates and structures our experience of the world in general. In this chapter, the author argues that this claim can be defended against Hume’s well-known objections because they are based on a volitional theory of voluntary action, which Schopenhauer rightly rejected. Schopenhauer quite plausibly located an immediate experience of causation between at least some kinds of motives and our consequent actions. However, he was wrong in suggesting that this experience might be the source of our understanding of causation since intentional action already presupposes that understanding and cannot provide it. It is more plausible to argue that an understanding of causation is derived from our bodily encounters with material objects.

scholarly journals Reconnecting Language and Materiality in Christian Reading: A Comparative Analysis of Two Groups of Protestant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-529
Author(s):  
Britt Halvorson ◽  
Ingie Hovland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Anthropology ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Biblical Story ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
Embodied Practice ◽  
Reading Texts

AbstractWhat do Christians do when they read? How can Christian reading be understood anthropologically? Anthropologists of Christianity have offered many ethnographic descriptions of the interplay among people, words, and material objects across Christian groups, but descriptions of Christian reading have often posited an androgynous reader. In response to this we begin from the observation that while reading cannot be done without words, it also cannot be done without a body. We propose that an analytic approach of placing language and materiality (including bodies) together will help clarify that reading texts is an embodied practice, while not undermining the importance of working with words. We draw inspiration from the recent interest in bringing linguistic anthropology and materiality studies together into the same analytic frame of “language materiality.” We explore a language-materiality approach to reading by comparing how the biblical story of Mary and Martha was read by Protestant women in two historical situations: 1920s Norway and the 1950s United States. We argue that in these cases the readers’ gendered, raced, and classed bodies were central to the activity of reading texts, including their bodies’ material engagements with the world, such as carrying out women's work. We suggest that paying attention to embodied reading—that is, readers’ social entanglements with both language and materiality—yields a fuller analysis of what reading is in particular historical situations, and ultimately questions the notion of a singular Protestant semiotic ideology that works consistently toward purification.

Ideological Underpinnings in President John Dramani Mahama’s 2013 State of the Nation Address

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Kojo Fenyi ◽  
◽  
Georgina Afeafa Sapaty ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Cultural Character ◽  
Economic Difficulty ◽  
Human Value ◽  
Biblical Allusion ◽  
The World

This study sets out to investigate, examine and understand the hidden ideologies and ideological structures/devices in the 2013 State of the Nation Address of President John Dramani Mahama. The study specifically aimed to (i) ascertain the ideologies embedded in the speech and (ii) investigate linguistic expressions and devices which carry these ideological colourations in the speech under review. It uses Critical Discourse Analysis as the theoretical framework to examine the role of language in creating ideology as well as the ideological structures in the speech. These hidden ideologies are created, enacted and legitimated by the application of certain linguistic devices. The researchers deem a study of this nature important as it will expose hidden motives that Ghanaian presidents cloth in language in order to manipulate their audience through their speeches in order to win and/or sustain political power. Through thematic analysis, it was revealed that Mahama projected these ideologies in his speech: ideology of positive self-representation, ideology of human value, ideology of economic difficulty, ideology of power relations and ideology of urgency. It also revealed that Mahama projects his ideologies through the following ideological discursive structures: pronouns, biblical allusion and metaphor. The study has shown that language plays a crucial role in human existence as a means of socialisation. Language has been revealed as a means of communicating ideologies and events of the world. In the tradition of CDA, this study has confirmed that text and talk have social and cultural character and that discourse functions ideologically.

Design of a Migrating Crawler Based on a Novel URL Scheduling Mechanism using AHP

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Punj ◽  
Ashutosh Dixit
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Web Crawler ◽  
Redundancy Elimination ◽  
The World ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
Elimination Mechanism ◽  
The Web

In order to manage the vast information available on web, crawler plays a significant role. The working of crawler should be optimized to get maximum and unique information from the World Wide Web. In this paper, architecture of migrating crawler is proposed which is based on URL ordering, URL scheduling and document redundancy elimination mechanism. The proposed ordering technique is based on URL structure, which plays a crucial role in utilizing the web efficiently. Scheduling ensures that URLs should go to optimum agent for downloading. To ensure this, characteristics of both agents and URLs are taken into consideration for scheduling. Duplicate documents are also removed to make the database unique. To reduce matching time, document matching is made on the basis of their Meta information only. The agents of proposed migrating crawler work more efficiently than traditional single crawler by providing ordering and scheduling of URLs.

Matter and Aristotle's Material Cause

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Five Elements

If by the term ‘matter’ is meant the extended, movable, and corporeal stuff out of which perceptible objects are made, then, according to one interpretative tradition, there is nothing in Aristotle's account of the world that corresponds to matter in the above sense of physical stuff. Aristotle does indeed describe certain things as extended, movable, and corporeal: for example, the five elements, earth, water, air, fire, and ether, as well as everything made out of them. He also has the concept of a material cause, that is, the raw materials out of which something can be made or generated, and he makes frequent use of this concept in his analysis of perceptible substances. Still, the fact that Aristotle thought about what perceptible substances are made of is insufficient evidence for attributing to him the concept of matter as physical stuff. In addition, we would want to know whether he thought that all perceptible substances are extended, movable, and corporeal precisely because they are made out of matter, and whether any aspect of their behavior is to be explained simply by virtue of their nature as material objects.

scholarly journals Design Education for Local Development

Artifact ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pernille Askerud ◽  
Barbara Adler
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The World ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Typical Design

In the western part of the world, the concept of design is increasingly perceived as a central means of how we organize the world and imbue it with (cultural) meaning, rather than a quality attached to material objects. In this article we are interested in what concept of design is implied in typical design training activities in different cultural contexts (Morocco, India, Thailand, Mexico, and Singapore).Inspired by the questions that have arisen in connection with project experience and research done by the authors in many countries, this survey outlines approaches and efforts to establish design competence with a particular paradigm to the fostering of sustainable economic and cultural development in local communities. Having worked with development projects involving various aspects of design, we have chosen to study projects with clear design goals as examples of how diverse the interpretation of the concept of design can be.  These observations may stimulate an awareness of the important impact of notions of design in terms of innovation and cultural diversity and may even give rise to more research into these issues.

scholarly journals A Presentational Theory of Ornament

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Richard Konstanty Maj
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
The World

Although ornament is typically understood to be a system of communication that operates representationally, this stance is problematic. While some ornament seems to represent disparate or even contradictory concepts, other ornament does not seem to represent anything at all. In both instances representation does not promote communication, it inhibits it. This thesis argues that while ornament may communicate representationally, its primary function is simply presentational. In this capacity ornament is used to communicate information regarding the qualities and relationships of material objects. The first half of the thesis engages with key texts and precedents in order to describe the mechanisms by which ornament is able to communicate. The second half of the thesis provides an example of how these mechanisms can inform the processes of architectural design. The thesis concludes with a reflection on the significance of ornamental communication and its role within the discipline of architecture. Ultimately, this thesis suggests that the practice of ornamentation not only helps us to define our world, but also to define our place within the world.

State Actor Dynamics in Brunei’s Healthcare Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syazana Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
State Actor ◽  
State Actors

This study seeks to ascertain the state actor dynamics in Brunei’s healthcare policies from the perspectives of an Islamic system of governance, by first identifying the state actors, or institutions, involved in influencing, formulating and implementing Brunei’s healthcare policies. The ‘IGC Matrix’ is employed to establish the Islamic health ‘sets of expectations’ (SoEs), particularly in terms of prevention and treatment, and medical ethics, primarily derived from the Qur’ān and Prophet Muhammadﷺ’s Sunnah, in order to construct for this study a framework of reference. The SoEs are then compared against Brunei’s healthcare policies and activities to determine how much of the Islamic health SoEs are met. This study reveals that Brunei’s healthcare policies are largely motivated by non-Islamic inspirations, specifically by the World Health Organisation (WHO), but with numerous overlaps with Islamic demands. In other words, Brunei’s healthcare policies may be stemmed from a non-Islamic influence, but it does not necessarily mean that they are un-Islamic. And most, if not all, of Brunei’s healthcare policies demonstrate a top-down approach, where the state actors play a crucial role in shaping Brunei’s dynamical SoEs.

The City with Imaginary Walls

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-142
Author(s):  
Cécile Vidal
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
European Descent ◽  
The World ◽  
Civic Community ◽  
The City

This chapter shows that racial formation was also shaped by the relationships French New Orleans maintained with its hinterland. Racial tensions were instrumental in developing a sense of collective belonging among urban dwellers of European descent that was defined in confrontation with the world beyond the city’s imaginary walls. The Natchez Wars in 1729–1731 and slave unrest afterward played a crucial role in the construction of the Louisiana capital as a white civic community. In contrast, for the slaves living on the plantations nearby, the urban center increasingly symbolized both a place of greater autonomy and a place of repression.

Politics and practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Gall
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Union Leader ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter and the following ones provide an analysis of Crow in terms of his person, politics and members’ potential power. So left-wing radicalism provided the parameters for how Crow looked at the world and guided his role a union leader. Indeed, this intellectual framework attributed a crucial role to unions as agents for radical ends. This chapter then begins by look at his intellectual worldview before moving on to examine how it played out in practice and the conditions which allowed it to be played out. It thus considers his ‘socialism/communism’ (his words), and despite his political training, his political heterodoxy along with his views on the synergy of industrial and political struggles, the relationship between class and sectionalism, and the sources of union power and his bargaining strategy. The chapter also examines his relationship with citizens as members of the travelling public and his calls for mass action to defeat austerity.

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