scholarly journals Induction and the use of computer simulations in the science

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Slobodan Perovic ◽  
Aleksandra Zoric
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

In philosophy of science, inductive procedures have been predominantly analysed with respect to the induction of scientific theories based on the experimental and observational results. Over the last few decades computer simulations play as important, or even more dominant role compared to the experiments across scientific filds. Models of natural phenomena are tested and hypotheses induced based on the results of adequate simulations. They have gradually acquired importance in the scientific process traditionally reserved for experiments. We ask whether and to what extent philosophical understanding of the inductive process, as it has been traditionally developed through the analysis of scientific experiments and theories, can be properly applied to understanding such simulations. Another two classic questions posed by that dilemma are whether there is an underdetermination of simulated models by the results of simulations analogous to the one in traditional experimental research which was the subject of debate in the philosophy of science that lasted for decades, and whether simulations are theory laden.

Conceptualizing Computer Simulations in Philosophy of Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-169
Author(s):  
Timur V. Khamdamov ◽  
Mikhail Yu. Voloshin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Taxonomic Problem ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

In the modern Russian philosophy, discussions about the phenomenon of computer simulations in the scientific research practice of conducting experiments are just beginning to pass the stage of initiation in small interdisciplinary groups studying this new direction for the philosophy of science. At the same time, in Western philosophy by the current moment there have been formed entire directions for the study of computer simulations. Different groups of researchers in different ways form ideas about the basic characteristics of simulations: from skeptical views on their nature, which are of no philosophical interest, to extremely revolutionary attitudes that assign simulations to the main role in the next expected turn of philosophy, comparable in its power to the linguistic turn in early XX century. One of the main controversial issues in Western philosophical thought was the search for relevant criteria and signs of simulations that could create a solid basis for formulating a rigorous definition of this phenomenon. Thus, through the definition, researchers first of all try, on the one hand, to solve the taxonomic problem of the correlation and interconnection of simulations with other types of experiment: natural, laboratory, mental, mathematical. On the other hand, to reveal for philosophy ontological and epistemological foundations of simulations, which carry the potential of new philosophical knowledge. This article is devoted to a brief review of the existing concepts of representatives of Western schools of thought on the phenomenon of computer simulations in the context of the philosophy of science. The structure of the review is built on three basic conceptual directions: 1) definition of the term "computer simulation"; 2) computer simulations as an experiment; 3) the epistemic value of simulations. Such a review can become the subject of discussion for Russian researchers interested in the impact of computer simulations on science and philosophy.

scholarly journals 1. On the First Properties of Matter—Inertia, Gravitation, Elasticity—referred to a common Law

1862 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
John G. Macvicar
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Common Observation ◽  
The One ◽  
Mode Of Being

The author commences by a vindication of the Scottish philosophy, that he may legitimately build upon substance as a reality as well as phenomenon. He then shows that just as the idea of substance presents, a priori, an alternative, viz., those which are wholly fixed, the subject of law imposed from without only, and those which possess a power of changing their mode of being from within themselves; so, in point of fact, common observation has recognised in all ages two orders of substances or beings characterized by this difference, and filling up in the sphere of reality this alternative given by pure thought; the one being the ground of all natural phenomena, and ordinarily designated body; the other the ground of all moral and intellectual phenomena, and designated spirit.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Modeling dalam Meningkatkan Efikasi Diri Siswa dalam Menghadapi Ujian

Konselor ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Fery Anggara ◽  
A. Muri Yusuf ◽  
Marjohan Marjohan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Independent Contribution ◽  
Guidance Service ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Group Guidance

Self-Efficacyis the most important factorforstudents’successto face examination,becauseself-efficacy beliefs made a powerful and independent contribution to the prediction of their academic performance.Modeling is one of technique usedto increase itandGroup guidancewas helpful in increasing students’ self-efficacy. This research sought to see the effectiveness of group guidance to increase the students’ self-efficacy through modeling to face examination. The subject of the research was 9 students in class XII of Pesantren Modern Diniyyah Pasia Assumed to have low self-efficacy.This research was classified into pre-experimental research which applied The One Group Pretest-Postest design. The treatment was given throuh modeling in eight meetings. The data were gathered by using self-efficacy scale which had been validated previously. The result of the research revealed that the application of group guidance service through modeling was effective to increase the students’ self-efficacy into better category. The students were confident about their ability to face examination, they were sure that they could maintain themselves, and they had confident to organize their ability to face other situation or condition.

scholarly journals The Application of Decision Binary Trees to Assess the Usefulness of The Digital Terrain Model in Studying the Relationships Between Relief and Vegetation in The Polish High Tatra

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-313
Author(s):  
Karol Kącki
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Binary Trees ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Abstract The relationships between individual components of the natural environment have long been an object of research (Kostrowicki, Wójcik, 1972; Rączkowska, Kozłowska, 1994; Kozłowska, Rączkowska, 1996). This paper is an attempt to analyse the relationships between two geocomponents of the natural environment: relief and vegetation, from a perspective contrary to the one currently prevailing in the literature of the subject. This approach assumes that relief, with its dominant role as a component strongly affecting the formation of the remaining factors, can be indicative in character and as such can represent basic factors that help determine and anticipate the occurrences of certain plant communities as well as locations with no vegetation. Using geoinformation data along with the tools to process them, an attempt was made to assess the usefulness of the DTM (Digital Terrain Model) to identify selected plant communities, rock and water. The development of a model of the relationships between the relief and the vegetation is an attempt to capture the correspondence between the parameters characterising the relief, calculated using the DTM model and classes of objects, with the use of information obtained from an Ikonos XS image. This model was subsequently used to draw a map of the land cover for a part of the Gąsienicowa Valley in the High Tatra (Dolina Gąsienicowa). For the purpose of this exercise, a technique of data classification called DBT (Decision Binary Trees) was used.

“Channeling” the powers of God’s Word

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea E. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
New Materials ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Starting with the controversial esoteric employment of audio recordings by followers of the charismatic Muslim preacher Sharif Haidara in Mali, the article explores the dynamics emerging at the interface of different technologies and techniques employed by those engaging the realm of the Divine. I focus attention on the “border zone” between, on the one hand, techniques for appropriating scriptures based on long-standing religious conventions, and, on the other, audio recording technologies, whose adoption not yet established authoritative and standardized forms of practice, thereby generating insecurities and becoming the subject of heated debate. I argue that “recyclage” aptly describes the dynamics of this “border zone” because it captures the ways conventional techniques of accessing the Divine are reassessed and reemployed, by integrating new materials and rituals. Historically, appropriations of the Qur’an for esoteric purposes have been widespread in Muslim West Africa. These esoteric appropriations are at the basis of the considerable continuities, overlaps and crossovers, between scripture-related esoteric practices on one side, and the treatment by Sharif Haidara’s followers of audio taped sermons as vessels of his spiritual power, on the other.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

The problem of woman’s emansipation in the feuilleton “Amazonia: a very inept story” by Mykola Chirsky

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Artistic Heritage

The author of the article analyses the problem of the female emancipation in the little-known feuilleton “Amazonia: A Very Inept Story” (1924) by Mykola Chirsky. The author determines the genre affiliation of the work and examines its compositional structure. Three parts are distinguished in the architectonics of associative feuilleton: associative conception; deployment of a “small” topic; conclusion. The author of the article clarifies the role of intertextual elements and the method of constantly switching the tone from serious to comic to reveal the thematic direction of the work. Mykola Chirsky’s interest in the problem of female emancipation is corresponded to the general mood of the era. The subject of ridicule in provocative feuilleton is the woman’s radical metamorphoses, since repulsive manifestations of emancipation becomes commonplace. At the same time, the writer shows respect for the woman, appreciates her femininity, internal and external beauty, personality. He associates the positive in women with the functions of a faithful wife, a caring mother, and a skilled housewife. In feuilleton, the writer does not bypass the problem of the modern man role in a family, but analyses the value and moral and ethical guidelines of his character. The husband’s bad habits receive a caricatured interpretation in the strange behaviour of relatives. On the one hand, the writer does not perceive the extremes brought by female emancipation, and on the other, he mercilessly criticises the male “virtues” of contemporaries far from the standard. The artistic heritage of Mykola Chirsky remains little studied. The urgent task of modern literary studies is the introduction of Mykola Chirsky’s unknown works into the scientific circulation and their thorough scientific understanding.

MUNDANE MIRACLES IN AWADH. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE REVEALED AND THE HIDDEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maxim B. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
Better Than

The sphere of the unknown, supernatural and miraculous is one of the most popular subjects for everyday discussions in Ayodhya – the last of the provinces of the Mughal Empire, which entered the British Raj in 1859, and in the distant past – the space of many legendary and mythological events. Mostly they concern encounters with inhabitants of the “other world” – spirits, ghosts, jinns as well as miraculous healings following magic rituals or meetings with the so-called saints of different religions (Hindu sadhus, Sufi dervishes),with incomprehensible and frightening natural phenomena. According to the author’s observations ideas of the unknown in Avadh are codified and structured in Avadh better than in other parts of India. Local people can clearly define if they witness a bhut or a jinn and whether the disease is caused by some witchcraft or other reasons. Perhaps that is due to the presence in the holy town of a persistent tradition of katha, the public presentation of plots from the Ramayana epic in both the narrative and poetic as well as performative forms. But are the events and phenomena in question a miracle for the Avadhvasis, residents of Ayodhya and its environs, or are they so commonplace that they do not surprise or fascinate? That exactly is the subject of the essay, written on the basis of materials collected by the author in Ayodhya during the period of 2010 – 2019. The author would like to express his appreciation to Mr. Alok Sharma (Faizabad) for his advice and cooperation.

TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Daiva Milinkevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secular World ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Craft Guilds

The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other, intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals. The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics of lodges. Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius. Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.

PENGARUH METODE EKSPOSITORI TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA MAHASISWA PGSD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daswarman Daswarman
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Mathematical Abilities ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
The Subject

The aim of learning mathematics in universities is to improve students' mathematical abilities. One of the important mathematical abilities of students is understanding the concept. With an understanding of the concept, students will easily solve mathematical problems. This research is an experimental research design with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. In the design of this study, researchers used one class as the subject of research. Before being given treatment, the pretest is first performed, then given treatment within a certain period, then given a posttest. The results showed that there was an increase in students' understanding of the concept after being given the application of the expository method.

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