scholarly journals Scope, forms, characteristics and new patterns of victimisation in Serbia during COVID-19 pandemic

Temida ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-176
Author(s):  
Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Single Parents ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
State Response ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
Police Statistics ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Victims Of Violence

This paper aims to analyse the scope, forms, characteristics and new patterns of victimisation in Serbia during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as factors that influenced it. In this paper, the notions of victim and victimisation are used in their largest sense, so that the paper deals with a large scope of victimising events and victims - from (direct and indirect) victimisation by virus COVID-19 and the inadequate reaction of the state, to the criminal victimisation and violation/restrictions of human rights. The particularly difficult situation of, in a socio-economic sense, especially vulnerable groups, such as migrants and asylum seekers, street children, Roma, homeless, older people, single parents, persons located in closed institutions (prisons and social welfare institutions), and victims of violence (in family and during civil protests against state?s response to the pandemic) is stressed. After the introduction, the overview of the development of pandemic in Serbia during 2020 and the measures taken for its suppression is given. After that, the scope, forms and trends of victimisation are analysed based on police statistics and other available data. Finally, characteristics and new patterns of victimisation that appeared in the conditions of the pandemic are analysed. In the conclusion, the main factors of victimisation during the pandemic are outlined. Special emphasis is put on the lack of adequate databases relevant for appropriate response both to COVID-19 and crime, as well as on shortcomings of state response to the pandemic. The paper ends with recommendations for state actions relevant for victims in conditions of pandemic and similar crisis situations.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 among migrants and forcibly displaced populations: a rapid systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Hintermeier ◽  
Hande Gencer ◽  
Katja Kajikhina ◽  
Sven Rohleder ◽  
Claudia Santos-Hövener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Study Designs

AbstractThe economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic pose a particular threat to vulnerable groups, such as migrants, particularly forcibly displaced populations. The aim of this review is (i) to synthesise the evidence on risk of infection and transmission among migrants, refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced populations, and (ii) the effect of lockdown measures on these populations. We searched MEDLINE and WOS, preprint servers, and pertinent websites between 1st December 2019 and 26th June 2020. The included studies showed a high heterogeneity in study design, population, outcome and quality. The incidence risk of SARS-CoV-2 varied from 0·12% to 2·08% in non-outbreak settings and from 5·64% to 21·15% in outbreak settings. Migrants showed a lower hospitalisation rate compared to non-migrants. Negative impacts on mental health due to lockdown measures were found across respective studies. However, findings show a tenuous and heterogeneous data situation, showing the need for more robust and comparative study designs.

Part 3 Vulnerable Groups, 3.3 Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielefeldt Heiner, Prof ◽  
Ghanea Nazila, Dr ◽  
Wiener Michael, Dr
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Equal Right

Though it is clear that refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an equal right to freedom of religion or belief, this right is often compromised in practice. This chapter examines a number of these challenges for freedom of religion or belief at various stages of the process by which persons become forcibly displaced, seek asylum and refugee status in another State, are able to or are denied the freedom to practise religion or belief in refugee camps, or face refoulement.

scholarly journals Active tuberculosis case finding interventions among immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers in Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sañé Schepisi ◽  
Gina Gualano ◽  
Pierluca Piselli ◽  
Marta Mazza ◽  
Donatella D’Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Diagnostic Workup ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Mobile Clinics ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

In Italy tuberculosis (TB) is largely concentrated in vulnerable groups such as migrants and in urban settings. We analyzed three TB case finding interventions conducted at primary centers and mobile clinics for regular/ irregular immigrants and refugees/asylum seekers performed over a four-year period (November 2009-March 2014) at five different sites in Rome and one site in Milan, Italy. TB history and presence of symptoms suggestive of active TB were investigated by verbal screening through a structured questionnaire in migrants presenting for any medical condition to out-patient and mobile clinics. Individuals reporting TB history or symptoms were referred to a TB clinic for diagnostic workup. Among 6347 migrants enrolled, 891 (14.0%) reported TB history or symptoms suggestive of active TB and 546 (61.3%) were referred to the TB clinic. Of them, 254 (46.5%) did not present for diagnostic evaluation. TB was diagnosed in 11 individuals representing 0.17% of those screened and 3.76% of those evaluated. The overall yield of this intervention was in the range reported for other TB screening programs for migrants, although we recorded an unsatisfactory adherence to diagnostic workup. Possible advantages of this intervention include low cost and reduced burden of medical procedures for the screened population.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP PENCARI SUAKA DAN PENGUNGSI MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (STUDI FILOSOFIS DAN ONTOLOGIS KEILMUAN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alvi Syahrin
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees

The problem of refugees and the displacement of people in the country is the most difficult problem facing the world community today. Many discussions were held at the United Nations which continued to seek more effective ways to protect and assist these very vulnerable groups. Some people call for increased cooperation and coordination between aid agencies, others point to gaps in international regulations and call for further standards in this field. However, everyone agrees that this problem is a global and global problem. Therefore every approach and solution must be carried out comprehensively and explain all aspects of the problem from the causes of mass exodus to the elaboration of the necessary responses to overcome the range of problems of refugees from emergencies to repatriation. This study will discuss how the basic rules of protection for asylum seekers and refugees according to Islamic law and international law.

scholarly journals Life in the Countries of Origin, Departure and Travel Towards Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-178
Author(s):  
Carmelo Danisi ◽  
Moira Dustin ◽  
Nuno Ferreira ◽  
Nina Held
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Missed Opportunity

AbstractAccording to the United Nations (UN), at least 258 million people are moving across countries around the globe, consciously or unconsciously, in search of a safe and dignified life (IOM 2019; UN 2017). The international attempt to regulate these movements through the so-called Compacts seems unlikely to provide effective solutions. Often criticised as being non-binding instruments but with great potential in shaping states’ future behaviour (Türk 2018), the Compacts are not explicit in including SOGI minorities in the measures to be adopted through international cooperation for improving the management of migration and refugee flows, while respecting their human rights. It is noticeable that objective no. 7 (‘Address and reduce vulnerabilities in migration’) of the Global Compact related to migration refers to ‘victims of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence (…) [and] persons who are discriminated against on any basis’ as examples of vulnerable groups and, more generally, advances the development of gender-responsive migration policies (Atak et al. 2018). Equally, the Global Compact on Refugees pays attention in all fields to ‘sexual and gender-based violence’, while calling upon states to strengthen international efforts to prevent and combat it (paras. 5, 13, 51, 57, 59, 72 and 75). Yet, although this wording may be inclusive of SOGI, the Compacts avoided any specific reference or commitment in relation either to migrants who identify themselves as LGBTIQ+ or to SOGI claimants, perhaps owing to the need for the widest possible consensus among UN member states to secure the Compacts’ adoption. This represents a missed opportunity to raise awareness of SOGI asylum claimants’ needs at the universal level and speed up multilateral solutions to the movements across countries of people fleeing homophobia and transphobia.

scholarly journals The Security Sector Governance–Migration Nexus: Rethinking how Security Sector Governance matters for migrants’ rights

10.5334/bcl ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Transnational Actors ◽  
Transit Migration ◽  
Migrants Rights ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Security Actor ◽  
And Migration

The main argument is that improving migrants’ rights and conceptual linkages between SSG/R and migration is best achieved, by decentring our gaze, namely going beyond the ‘national’ and ‘state-centric’ view that characterizes traditionally SSG/R and to consider the agency of both migrants and SSR actors. First from a migrants’ perspective, it is key for SSR actors to go beyond traditional legal classifications and to consider the diversity of personal situations that involve refugees, stranded migrants and asylum seekers, which might endorse different roles at different times of their journeys and lives. Second, the transnational nature of migration calls for a transnationalization of SSG/R too. For too long the concept has mostly been applied within the national setting of SSR institutions and actors. Migration calls for a clear decentring that involves a transnational dimension and more work among transnational actors and policymakers to facilitate a norm transfer from the domestic to the interstate and international level. As such, the ‘transnational’ nature of migration and its governance needs to be ‘domesticated’ within the national context in order to change the mindset of SSG/R actors and institutions. More importantly, the paper argues that poor SSG/R at home produces refugees and incentivizes migrants to leave their countries after being victims of violence by law enforcement and security services. During migrants’ complex and fragmented journeys, good security sector governance is fundamental to address key challenges faced by these vulnerable groups. I also argue that a better understanding of migrants’ and refugees’ security needs is beneficial and central to the good governance of the security sector. After reviewing the key terms of migration and its drivers in section 2, section 3 reviews how SSG is part of the implementation of the GCM. SSR actors play a role in shaping migratory routes and refugees’ incentives to leave, in explaining migrants’ and refugees’ resilience, in protecting migrants and refugees, and in providing security. Although it cautions against artificial classifications and the term of ‘transit migration’, section 4 reviews what the core challenges are in the countries of origin, transit and destination. Section 5 provides a detailed overview of the linkages between migration and each security actor: the military, police forces, intelligence services, border guards, interior ministries, private actors, criminal justice, parliaments, independent oversight bodies and civil society. Section 6 formulates some recommendations.

Management of irregular migration: Syrians in Turkey as paradigm shifters for forced migration studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 9-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nergis Canefe
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn the context of the series of civil wars that have struck the Middle East since the 1980s, the politico-economic changes in the post-Soviet geography of Eastern Europe and the Russian states, and the continuous turmoil in those parts of Africa and Asia where access to Turkish soil has been possible, Turkey emerged as a regional hub for receiving continuous flows of forced migration. As suggested by ample evidence in recent work on migration flows into Turkey, many of these “irregular migrants,” “stateless peoples,” or “asylum seekers” eventually become continuously employed under very unstable circumstances, thus fitting into the definition of the “precariat” or precarious proletariat. This paper examines the context within which such pervasive precarity takes root, directly affecting vulnerable groups such as the Syrian forced migrants arriving in Turkey in successive waves. The marked qualities of the Syrian case in terms of social precarity, combined with the degrees of disenfranchisement and economically precarious conditions for survival, indicates an institutionalized paradigm shift in the Turkish state’s management of irregular migration.

scholarly journals The main directions of the state social policy of child protection in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Nodira M. Latipova ◽  
◽  
Charos A. Abdugafurova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the improvement of social protection of families and children in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the analysis, the National System of Child Protection in the Republic of Uzbekistan was obtained, which is made up of certain components. Methods. The content of the article is based on various research methods, primarily on the assessment of the social protection system through interviews with stakeholders. The assessment critically assessed the strategies applied, identified lessons learned and best practices, accelerating the achievement of sustainable results for children in Uzbekistan, especially from the most vulnerable groups. The assessment was aimed at assessing the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, consistency and, if possible, the impact of the strategies adopted to achieve the results of the start program. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the social protection system for children and families is based on the presence of the listed structural components in it. , and in the subsequent parts of this book we will try to analyze the main of these components in relation to the system of social protection of children in Uzbekistan. Results. The article is based on the support for the development of recommendations for the strategic planning of the next program cycle. The level of humanity of the state policy towards its citizens in a difficult situation, a socially vulnerable situation is measured by the system of social support provided, which is aimed at creating opportunities for them to participate in life, equal with other citizens, for socio-political, economic, cultural and intellectual development.

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