scholarly journals The Austrian Act on the Protection against Domestic Violence

Temida ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albin Dearing
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
General Public ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

The past few years have seen a fundamental and broadly based change in the response to domestic violence perpetrated by men against women. The Act on Protection against Domestic Violence which entered into force on May 1st, 1997 reflects this new orientation, or rather this shift in paradigm, which has led to a new understanding of the phenomenon of domestic violence and defines appropriate response by the state by it. The impact of this shift in paradigm is considerable: not only have public authorities and private women?s institutions changed their attitudes towards domestic violence, but the general public now responds to this phenomenon in a manner that is entirely different from what it was prior to the approach. Reports on cases of violence no longer merely state the facts indifferently, but now invariably end with the question whether the authorities had been informed and whether they had taken any action to prevent the crime. Thus the public authorities have come to assume responsibility for combating domestic violence as a result of societal developments.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SOME OUTSTANDING DISEASES FROM PAST TO PRESENT ON SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-248
Author(s):  
Birgül PESEN ◽  
Musaye KONAK ÖZÇELİK
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Diseases can be seen in people in different periods throughout history. Some of these diseases have become epidemics. Epidemic diseases from the past to the present have left deep marks in the society. Measures against epidemics have also been attempted in the past. Since the source of the epidemic diseases seen in the history and the effects of the disease are unknown, fear prevailed in the society. With the changes in the process and the steps taken in the field of health, the appropriate vaccine against epidemic diseases was found and the quarantine system was put into operation. However, despite the steps taken, it was understood that the public did not have enough information, so efforts were made to raise the awareness of the public. Despite the studies, the lethal effect of epidemics has led to ruptures in relations within society. The epidemic also had an impact on the economy and famines appeared in the society. Epidemic diseases affect the socio-economic life of the society very badly, and negativities have been noticed in individuals due to the epidemic. It has been found that the epidemic mostly affects people with weak body resistance (elderly, children). The Ottoman State continued its determination and acted within the framework of its activities in the fight against epidemic diseases. This determination continues today, and the state continues its struggle against the epidemic with its policies. In this study, after giving historical information about some epidemic diseases such as plague, syphilis, cholera, smallpox, malaria, measles, new coronavirus (covit-19), the effect of these diseases on the society was tried to be explained. Keywords: Epidemic, Society, Ottoman State, Disease, Health.

IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT DEBT ON FINANCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Pikaliuk ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Security ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

One of the main criteria for economic development is the size of the public debt and its dynamics. The article considers the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine. The views of scientists on the essence of public debt and financial security of the state are substantiated. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Ukraine for 2014-2019. It is proved that one of the main criteria for economic development is the size of public debt and its dynamics. State budget deficit, attracting and using loans to cover it have led to the formation and significant growth of public debt in Ukraine. The volume of public debt indicates an increase in the debt security of the state, which is a component of financial security. Therefore, the issue of the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine is becoming increasingly relevant. The constant growth and large amounts of debt make it necessary to study it, which will have a positive impact on economic processes that will ensure the stability of the financial system and enhance its security.

The Right to Information in India Implementation and Impact

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
_______ Naveen ◽  
_____ Priti
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Know How ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The Right to Information Act 2005 was passed by the UPA (United Progressive Alliance) Government with a sense of pride. It flaunted the Act as a milestone in India’s democratic journey. It is five years since the RTI was passed; the performance on the implementation frontis far from perfect. Consequently, the impact on the attitude, mindset and behaviour patterns of the public authorities and the people is not as it was expected to be. Most of the people are still not aware of their newly acquired power. Among those who are aware, a major chunk either does not know how to wield it or lacks the guts and gumption to invoke the RTI. A little more stimulation by the Government, NGOs and other enlightened and empowered citizens can augment the benefits of this Act manifold. RTI will help not only in mitigating corruption in public life but also in alleviating poverty- the two monstrous maladies of India.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Working Conditions, Employment, Career Development and Well-Being of Refugee Researchers

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ourania Tzoraki ◽  
Svetlana Dimitrova ◽  
Marin Barzakov ◽  
Saad Yaseen ◽  
Vasilis Gavalas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Impact

The ongoing ‘refugee crisis’ of the past years has led to the migration of refugee researchers (RRs) to European countries. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, RRs often had to work from home and/or to continue their social, cultural and economic integration process under new conditions. An online survey carried out to explore the impact of the pandemic on the refugee researchers showed that RRs found it difficult to adapt their everyday working life to the ‘home’ setting. The majority have had neither a suitable work environment at home nor the appropriate technology. Although they stated that they are rather pleased with the measures taken by the public authorities, they expressed concern about their vulnerability due to their precarious contracts and the bureaucratic asylum procedures, as the pandemic has had a negative impact on these major issues. The majority of RRs working in academia seem not to have been affected at all as far as their income is concerned, while the majority of those employed in other sectors became unemployed during the pandemic (58%). Recommendations are provided to the public authorities and policy makers to assist RRs to mitigate the consequences of the pandemic on their life.

100 Years of State Pension: Learning from the Past

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-501
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
State Pension

The President (Mr R. S. Bowie, F.F.A.): Tonight's topic is ‘100 years of state pension: — learning from the past’. I am reminded of the expression: why are the bankers so keen to find new ways of losing money when the old ways seem to have worked perfectly well!The state pension has been going in a recognisable form for only 100 years and only for the last 60 as a universal pension; and only for the last 30 years in the form that we all might recognise today.If the Actuarial Profession can bring value to something from the past, it is to bring a perspective and a context to it so that we can learn from it. In this way, the Profession can create an informed climate within which public debate on matters of public interest can take place. As you will all know, the Financial Reporting Council are pressing the Profession hard to give tangible evidence of its commitment to the public interest, and this book falls into that category, creating an informed background for debate on a matter of huge public interest.

CIVIL SOCIETY AS THE MAIN DRIVER SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITIES IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Orlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
National Security ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Sustainability ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
The Impact

The article considers a set of issues related to the formation of sustainability in the state at different levels of government: national, regional and local, with an emphasis on the sustainability of territorial communities. The concept of "sustainability" is defined, the criteria of sustainability for national security and its components at the local level are analyzed, in particular, in the formation of affluent communities. Sustainability is considered in various aspects: as a component of national security and defense of the state, in relation to the concepts of "cohesion" and "national security". Financial stability is justified as an important sign of the viability of local communities. The role of civil society in shaping the sustainability of communities is revealed, as well as different views of scientists on the impact of civil society on sustainability are analyzed. The foreign experience of implementation of the basic principles of sustainability in the life of communities is studied. The most important component of sustainability is the ability of the community to consolidate to counteract harmful and dangerous external and internal influences. Open partnership of public authorities with business structures and the public should be a prerequisite for this. It is proved that in the conditions of decentralization and various internal and external challenges, civil society (active citizens and civil society institutions) can and should be a driver of community sustainability. It is assumed that the implementation of state policy to promote the development of civil society should create a solid foundation of democracy in Ukraine as a component of national sustainability. Since the systemic mechanisms for ensuring national sustainability in the Ukrainian state at both national and local levels are not yet fully formed, the development and implementation of comprehensive strategic decisions in this area requires proper scientific substantiation, which is why the author’s contribution to this topic.

Interaction of Russian business with science: Points of contact and stumbling blocks

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-138
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Simachev ◽  
M. G. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Institutional Interaction ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
The Impact

The paper assesses the influence of science–business cooperation on the activity of firms, analyzes the factors of interaction of Russian companies with academic organizations and universities in the research sphere, identifies barriers to the development of cooperation between business and science. It has been established that companies whose source of innovation was external R&D were more likely to grow over the past 5 years and to create new products. However, a significant effect of the impact of cooperation with domestic research organizations was found only for the dynamics of exports. It is shown that cooperation with domestic science is more typical for high-tech industries and large Russian businesses. The factor inducing firms to outsource research is a significant level of competition. The high cost of external research services and their insufficient quality hinder the development of scientific and production cooperation. One can point to such a barrier as low interest of research organizations in the volume of orders that firms can offer. This is caused by weak institutional change in the Russian science, preservation of its orientation at the state and major players, which significantly limits the opportunities for institutional interaction of small innovative firms with science. It has been shown that the state quite effectively “pushes” companies to interact with research organizations and universities, but the results of such interaction are often unsatisfactory for firms.

scholarly journals Prawnofinansowy status Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Wojciech Fill
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Executive Agencies ◽  
The Impact

The legal-financial status of the Agricultural Property Agency is complex. Rights and obligations of the financial nature of the public are interspersed with numerous powers and duties of the sphere of private law. Specific elements shaping financial status Agency are organizational relationship and the capital of other legal entities, including primarily with the Treasury and the companies controlled by the Agency. They occur in the context of normative pass Agency to the public finance sector and its companies to the category of public sector entities. In view of the takeover by the executive agencies, a significant part of the tasks previously performed by the state without legal personality, budgetary establishments, precisely in this area normative appeared completely unique opportunity to examine the impact of the construction of legal personality to changes in the shape of subjectivity.

scholarly journals Procedural features of consideration of social cases in the administrative court of first instance

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Vasyl Ilkov
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Social Function ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Figure ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
Administrative Code ◽  
Court Of First Instance

The article is devoted to procedural features and evidence during the consideration of social cases. The share of administrative lawsuits received by district administrative courts in social cases is more than 30%, which is a high figure among cases falling under the jurisdiction of administrative courts. A person goes to court when his right has already been violated by the state authorities. The administrative courts ensure the implementation of the social function of the state. Allegations that administrative courts serve public authorities are unfounded. Evidence of the court is provided by the parties to the case. The court can only invite the parties to provide evidence and collect evidence on their own initiative. The principle remains fundamental, in cases of illegality of decisions, actions or omissions of the public authorities, the burden of proving the legality of its decision, action or omission rests with the defendant. There is a problem of the possibility of considering social disputes under the rules of summary proceedings with the summons of the parties to the case in the event that there is a need to obtain an explanation from the parties or to examine witnesses. There is a need for legislative regulation of the possibility for the court to consider social disputes in the manner prescribed by the provisions of Article 262 of the Administrative Code of Judgment of Ukraine, after the opening of proceedings in the manner prescribed by the provisions of Article 263 of the Administrative Code of Judgment of Ukraine. It is important to ensure the possibility to continue the consideration of the case in the simplified claim procedure, with the summoning of the parties to the court session, after the opening of the simplified proceedings without summoning the parties. Key words: social disputes, district administrative court, evidence, proving, general claim proceedings, simplified proceedings.

scholarly journals Perfectly Boring? The Public Afterlife of Private Films

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rosina Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Original Form ◽  
Online Video ◽  
The Public ◽  
Video Sharing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Home Movies ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Image Archives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exhibition Strategies

<p>Home movies are now viewed in a variety of public contexts, a shift that entails a loss of their original meanings. In order to consider the impact of exhibiting these private documents, this thesis analyses the use of home movies within recycled footage productions, archival curation and online video-sharing. Investigating a variety of formal and informal screening contexts through close readings and archival research, it asks: what meanings do home movies acquire in new contexts? How might the reuse of home movies affect our understandings of their production and the past they portray? Does a perception that home movies could appear boring influence how they are framed or altered for public audiences?  Due to their form and content, home movies may seem ill-suited to public exhibition. Popular discourses about home movies during their heyday of production reveal a widespread belief that they were boring (for outsiders) to watch. While recent literature has assessed home movies more favourably, it has tended to overlook their potential to bore viewers who have no personal relationship to them. Drawing upon theories of boredom, this study argues meaningfulness is the principal factor determining whether a viewer finds a particular film interesting or boring. In their original form, home movies may appear relatively meaningless and therefore boring to public audiences. Recycled footage films re-edit images, however, to create engaging viewing experiences through narrative and affect. While more experimental productions frequently question the evidential value of home movie images, television documentaries tend to encourage audiences to perceive footage as authentic or nostalgic. Narrative and affect also feature in the exhibition strategies of moving image archives. Curated public programmes provide informative and enjoyable viewing for general audiences, but almost inevitably promote certain understandings of the past by offering specific interpretations of selected films. Moreover, the affective appeal of home movie images may outweigh other forms of meaning for viewers, particularly in community or participatory screening contexts. Online video-sharing platforms such as YouTube, which are curated by algorithms rather than human expertise, feature numerous home movies without any kind of framing or description. While this might seem profoundly boring, viewer comments suggest meaninglessness can foster imaginative and empathetic responses to home movies, often expressed as nostalgic longing. This propensity of home movie footage within different screening contexts to encourage nostalgic sentiments, or a belief that life was better in the past, has implications for collective memory and understandings of history. Moreover, the ability of at least some viewers to enjoy home movies in relatively contextless spaces suggests that in certain instances qualities associated with boredom may not be a significant impediment to meaningful experience after all.</p>

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