Basic tendencies in demographic development of rural population and revitalization - related issues

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Radovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Village ◽  
Second World

The end result of the complex and contradictory processes taking place in the village and agriculture throughout the period since the Second World War is depopulation and persistent crisis in agriculture. Mass relocation of rural population to cities and transition from agricultural to non-agricultural activities has had ? series of negative demographic, sociological, cultural, economic and even political consequences. Note that all basic tendencies observed in rural population of Serbia (except in Kosovo and Metohia) are unfavourable. They have weakened the overall demographic development and are reasonably expected to persist. The seriousness of the demographic problem caused by relocation of rural population is aggravated by many years of insufficient child bearing and open depopulation. Hence, ? negative growth in natural (except in Kosovo and Metohia) and migration components makes the tum of the century the time of major demographic disturbances with potentially destructive consequences, and eventually jeopardizing our community in general.

scholarly journals The Luznica settlements: Geographic-historical and spatial-demographic transformation

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Danica Santic ◽  
Marija Martinovic
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Second World

Luznica is situated in southeaster Serbia and is consists of 52 settlements. In this paper are emphasized four main stages in evolution of Luznica: initial (from the old ages until the period of Turkish rule), early stage (period of Turkish rule), central stage (from the liberation to the end of The Second World war), and modern stage that lasts for more than 50 years. The specific demographic development from the year of 1879. until modern days is denoted with changes in natural increase and migration. That is caused by the influences of the environmental factors, and also social-historic, economic, socio-psychological and other factors. Since the 60-s this territory is the good example of the area with high altitude and negative appearances in demographic development (depopulation and intensive emigration).

scholarly journals Gabrovnica: Contribution to depopulation in Serbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Martinovic ◽  
Danica Santic
Keyword(s):  
Current Problem ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
Second World ◽  
A Current

Development of village Gabrovnica from the prehistorically time to modern days is characterized by a number of geographic, historical, spatial demographic, social and economic changes. In this paper are emphasized four main stages in its evolution: initial (from the foundation to the Turkish conquests), early stage (period of Turkish rule), central stage (from the liberation to the end of The Second world war), and modern stage that lasts for more than 50 years. Geographic, historical and antropogeographic factors were in flavour to evolution of Gabrovnica in antic and medieval period when the village was mentioned for the first time in written documents. After the liberation from the long Turkish rule, the development was significant and rapid. In the modern stage, especially after 1960s, stagnation and negative development tendencies occurred. Today Gabrovnica is village with only 5 citizens and with serious treat to be abandoned. This is also a current problem in settlements and its spatial and demographic development in Serbia. Complete depopulation of Gabrovnica is undoubtedly in nearby future.

The Anthropocene and ecological awareness in Poland: The post-socialist view

2021 ◽  
pp. 205301962110512
Author(s):  
Justyna Chodkowska-Miszczuk ◽  
Krzysztof Rogatka ◽  
Aleksandra Lewandowska
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Real Socialism ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Second World

Dynamic and unrestrained socio-economic development is upsetting the balance of nature’s mechanisms, causing a climate stalemate, or even climate destabilisation. After the Second World War a new political system – real socialism – was enforced on Poland. It brought about changes of a social, cultural, economic and environmental nature. Its immanent feature was the application of top-down decisions that did not take into account environmental components. There was also little ecological awareness within Polish society at that time. The transformations of the 1990s resulted not only in the liberalisation of the Polish economy, but also in the permeation of new trends oriented towards pro-environmental activities. The aim of the article is to find an answer to the question: How is ecological awareness currently shaped in the context of Anthropocene in Poland during the transition from a socialist economy to a capitalist economic system?

The Rise of the Middle Class in Iran before the Second World War

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-63
Author(s):  
H. E. Chehabi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
World War ◽  
Village Level ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
State Employment ◽  
The Village ◽  
Second World

This chapter traces the formation of a modern middle class that emerged as a result of Reza Shah's rigorous modernization policies in the 1920s and 1930s. The state expanded the educational system and bureaucracy, reaching down from the court to the village level. At the same time, it fostered lifestyles and consumption patterns modeled on those of Europe, which this new and increasingly secular middle class embraced, setting it apart from the rest of society. Given its reliance on state employment, this was not a bourgeoisie stricto sensu. This new middle class existed next to the traditional mercantile elite, which was centered on the bazaar and closely allied to the clergy. In the 1920s, however, many Iranian businessmen adopted a middle-class lifestyle, and, as a consequence, a modern business bourgeoisie gradually emerged that was to some extent a link between the traditional mercantile elite centered on the bazaar and the modern middle class.

The Neutral Zone at Pisarovina

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-306
Author(s):  
Gaj Trifković
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Neutral Zone ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Village ◽  
Second World

What transpired in Pisarovina, a small village located on the outskirts of Zagreb, is unique not only to Yugoslavia, but to the Second World War in general. Pisarovina was the location officially agreed by both the German occupation authorities and the Yugoslav Partisans to function as the center of the prisoner exchange cartel at the end of 1943. In order to facilitate this, the village and its immediate surroundings were declared a neutral zone, quite possibly the only such place in war-torn Europe. The system saved hundreds, if not thousands, of prisoners who faced an uncertain fate. Frequent contacts between the envoys provided both the Germans and the Partisans with a "back-channel" for talks on political issues and trade, as well as the opportunity to spy on each other.

8. The Evolution of the International Monetary and Financial System

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-221
Author(s):  
Eric Helleiner ◽  
Melsen Babe
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
System P ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Second World

This chapter explores the international monetary and financial system, which plays a central role in the global political economy (GPE). Since the late nineteenth century, the nature of this system has undergone several pivotal transformations in response to changing political and economic conditions at both domestic and international levels. The first was the collapse of the integrated pre-1914 international monetary and financial regime during the interwar years. The second transformation took place after the Second World War, when the Bretton Woods order was put in place. Since the early 1970s, various features of the Bretton Woods order have unravelled with the globalization of finance, the collapse of the gold exchange standard, and the breakdown of the adjustable peg exchange rate regime. These changes have important political consequences for the key issue of who gets what, when, and how in the GPE.

Education and Migration in History

2019 ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
Paul J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
Migrant Education ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Nation States ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Second World

Although the historiography of migrant education is, in many ways, problematic—especially the lack of historical literature for many regions of the world—general patterns do arise. As nation-states and their educational systems began to emerge and develop in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the schooling of migrant children often focused on assimilating them into the national culture. In the decades following the Second World War, the heavy-handed acculturation began to give way to more multicultural notions of schooling, although, in practice, multicultural education often simplified cultural differences and continued, albeit in different ways, to demand a sort of conformity to the new national, multicultural norms, thus undermining a true acceptance of all migrant populations.

scholarly journals My Shirt Is in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Townsend Warner
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
Voluntary Service ◽  
Sylvia Townsend Warner ◽  
Civil Defence ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Village ◽  
Second World

Sylvia Townsend Warner lived for nearly half her life in Maiden Newton. Surprisingly, since she was a Communist, and Maiden Newton was a working-class village, she showed little interest in its people. During the Second World War, however, she inevitably became more involved with them. ‘Miss Warner’ was a driving force in the Women’s Voluntary Service in Dorchester, and in Maiden Newton’s Civil Defence. Almost all of her short stories about the village date from this chaotic and unpredictable period. They provide a rich source of material about the village’s Home Front, and show Warner’s attitude to it all: a mix of amusement, pity and resignation which combine to make some very fine stories.

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