scholarly journals Estimates of alcohol-related mortality in Serbia (2016-2018)

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

The impact of alcohol on mortality is not negligible, not globally and especially not in Europe. Alcohol as a mortality factor in Serbia has not yet been specifically analysed, chiefly due to a lack of data. The cultural pattern and results from surrounding countries - as well as research on the extent of alcohol consumption in Serbia - all suggest that alcohol-related mortality represents a significant share of total mortality, especially when it comes to men. The results of the study on alcohol abuse or excessive consumption in this paper do not confirm that this mortality factor places a significant burden on the population. This paper provides estimates of alcohol-related mortality using guidelines from the World Health Organization. Analysis of the direct impact and estimates of the indirect impact of alcohol on mortality in Serbia (2016-2018) show that the average number of deaths is about 2,500 annually. The number of alcohol-related deaths is highest in the later years of life, while the proportion of alcohol-related deaths is highest in early adulthood. Men are more likely to consume alcohol, so their mortality is higher as a consequence. Men die from alcohol-related causes at a rate almost four times higher than that of women, and they have more deaths caused by alcohol than women across all age groups. The overall alcohol-related mortality rate for men is 56.6 per 100,000, while for women it is significantly lower at 14.2 per 100,000. The most common cause of alcohol-related mortality is in the form of digestive system diseases (about 26% of all alcohol-related deaths in Serbia), followed by tumours and violence (24% and 23% respectively). From region to region (NUTS 2), significant differences in alcohol-related mortality can be noted. Every third death due to alcohol occurs in Vojvodina, which leads the way for both sexes. There, values for men are as much as 60% higher than those in the Sumadija and Western Serbia regions, while those values are about 30% higher for women. Standardised alcohol-related death rates are highest in the north of Vojvodina, in the districts of North Backa and North Banat (NUTS 3). Moravicki, Sumadija, and Pirot districts have values that are about 30% lower than average for Serbia. Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the preventable mortality factors that can be addressed with appropriate prevention measures. Some good reasons to avoid alcohol abuse include longer lifespan, lower likelihood of depression, significantly lower likelihood of committing suicide, and lower likelihood of dying from liver disease. Those who drink less are also less likely to be involved in a car accident or have to deal with the police. When consumed in excess, alcohol disrupts family relationships, leads to obesity, damages the brain, and causes sexual dysfunction.

scholarly journals Smoking as the main factor of preventable mortality in Serbia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

The use of tobacco in Serbia has for many years been one of the most frequent risk factors affecting disease development. Although its impact is often neglected and the effects on health minimised, reviewing the existing literature and calculating the tobacco consumption impact on the mortality of the population in Serbia (using the Peto-Lopez method) show a clear link between smoking and health of the population. Serbian population is heavily burdened with the negative effects of tobacco on health, especially men. At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, mortality from the illness or cause of death associated with smoking was at about 17% of the total mortality. In men, it is estimated that even a quarter of the total mortality is associated with smoking. In the female population, the share of smokers is considerably lower, and consequently the mortality from this factor is lower, about 9% of the total mortality. Of all major disease groups, tumours are most affected by smoking. The share of tobaccorelated mortality in neoplasms is high and accounts for 30% (43% in men and 14% in women). In cardiovascular diseases, the impact of smoking is much smaller and about 6,000 deaths per year are associated with the use of tobacco. Since the early 1990s, the number of smoking-attributable death has been growing. Relatively, the share of men has not changed, but for 20 years of analysis the share of women has significantly increased from 5% to 9%. In all age groups, the share of smoking-related mortality has increased in the female population, especially in the 45-69 age range where mortality has been doubled. Surveys on the health of the Serbian population also confirm the trend of increasing the share of women smokers in the population, especially in the categories of young people. Men in Serbia (35-69 years of age) have the highest smoking-attributable death rate in Europe. As much as 44% of total deaths in that age are directly related to smoking. Besides Hungary, where mortality in men is also relatively high (42%), other countries have significantly lower shares. Observed at the level of the entire continent, countries of the Balkan Peninsula (and their neighbours) have the highest shares of smoking-attributable death. Women in Serbia have a moderately high share of 9% and are among the ten most vulnerable countries in Europe. The biggest difference in smoking-related mortality by gender is observed in the Pyrenees Peninsula and in the eastern and south-eastern parts of Europe. These are also the countries with the largest absolute difference in the mortality rate of men and women, thus confirming the hypothesis that tobacco smoke, as a single mortality factor, plays the most important role in establishing a different gender mortality pattern. A high percentage of smokers in the total population limits the growth of life expectancy and affects the difference in gender mortality rate. If a certain mortality factor potentially affects the life expectancy of up to three years for men in Serbia, as shown in the paper, then it is especially important to pay attention to measures of prevention and awareness of the population regarding this issue. Moreover, it is particularly important to recognise the consequences of passive smoking the youth and children are exposed to, since in Serbia there is a great deal of tolerance for smoking indoors.

scholarly journals The impact of power line-related mortality on the Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres in a part of its range, with an emphasis on electrocution

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ F. BOSHOFF ◽  
JOHAN C. MINNIE ◽  
CRAIG J. TAMBLING ◽  
MICHAEL D. MICHAEL
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
National Database ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality

SummaryThe global population of the Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres, a threatened southern African endemic, is known to be impacted by electrocutions and collisions on power line infrastructure, but to date this impact has not been estimated or quantified. Using data in a national database from the period prior to our study, conducted in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, we estimated a mean annual mortality rate from power line-related mortality of around 14 vultures per year. After applying an adjusted rate based on the results of a landowner survey, this estimate increased to around 80 vultures per year (i.e. a 5.7 fold increase). For a number of reasons, the estimated mean annual mortality rate is considered to under-represent the true situation, and must therefore be considered a minimum value. A simple model was constructed and run to investigate the potential impact of the mortality rate from electrocution on the study population. It distinguishes between vulture subpopulations in areas of high and low electrocution threat, and a migratory subpopulation that moves between these two areas. The model, simulated over 50 years and applying a constant theoretical maximum annual growth rate of 2%, indicates positive growth of the population in those areas where the electrocution threat from power lines is low, whereas the population in those areas where this threat is high is predicted to crash to extinction, from electrocution mortality alone, within a 20–35 year period. The regional population is predicted to show positive growth over the 50 year period. However, for a number of reasons that relate to the nature of certain parameters used in the model, the simulations must be considered to be conservative, at best. In addition, other unnatural mortality factors (notably inadvertent poisoning, drowning in high-walled farm reservoirs, harvesting for the traditional medicine trade, local food shortage), which are additive to power line-related mortality have not been taken into account. Management recommendations aimed at obtaining an improved estimate of the mean annual mortality rate from power lines, and at ameliorating the impact of electrocutions on the regional Cape Vulture population, are briefly mentioned. These address the former by documenting ways to improve the quantity and quality of the field data, and the latter by identifying areas where urgnt action needs to be taken to reduce or avoid the electrocution of vultures, by mitigating extant ‘unsafe’ power line infrastructure, and by ensuring that that only ‘safe’ infrastructure is used for new power lines.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD FAMILY EXPERIENCE ON PARTNERSHIP PROBLEMS AND BIRTH-RATE IN ADULTHOOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Indra Tretjakova ◽  
Anita Pipere
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Family Experience ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Partnership Quality ◽  
The Impact

The causes for the partnership problems and low birth-rate can be looked upon not only through an economical discourse, but also via the thorough exploration of psychological determinants of sustainable family relationships. The skills and abilities for the development of such relationships significantly depend on the characteristics of childhood family experience. Exploring the factors that influence partnership quality and birth-rate in Latvia 221 respondents were surveyed (185 women and 36 men) aged from 20 to 40. Majority of the sample indicated to their negative childhood experience (mostly parents’ conflicts, divorce, neglect, alcohol abuse) and admitted an impact of this experience on their partnership in adulthood. The respondents with negative childhood family experience reported conflicts in their current relationships more often than their counterparts with supportive childhood experience. The most frequent partnership problems appeared to be emotional violence and computer addiction, at much less rate – alcohol abuse. Though, the statistically significant correlations between the childhood family experience and the partnership problems as well as between the childhood family experience and nymber of childen in family were not found in the given sample. The problem of drug addiction had a statistically significant negative correlation with the number of children in family. Future research could focus on the ways in which positive and adverse childhood experiences interact to influence partnership quality and birth-rate.  

Alkoholkonsumtionens mörkertal i Sverige 1960–1994

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor Norström
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Error Term ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Alcohol Sales

The aim of the study was to estimate the trend in unregistered alcohol consumption in Sweden during the period 1960–1994. The estimation was based on the discrepancy between the observed trend in alcohol related harms (alcohol-related mortality, assault, homicide, and drunk driving) and the trend expected from registered alcohol sales. The impact of alcohol sales on these indicators were estimated by means of ARIMA-analyses, and then the error term series was calculated for each indicator, meaning the difference between the observed and the expected trends in harm rates. A factor analysis of the four error-term series yielded one single factor which was interpreted as the unregistered alcohol consumption. According to the outcome this would have increased linearly by about 80% during the study period. Some comparisons are made with other data; for example it is noted that the trend in travelling abroad reasonably matches the trend in estimated unregistered consumption.

scholarly journals Тhe impact of alcohol abuse on the development of non-communicable diseases (analytical review)

Public Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
T. V. Kaigorodova ◽  
I. A. Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol

The harmful use of alcohol is a risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes and others. In addition to morbidity, alcohol abuse increases mortality, especially at young ages. An important characteristic is the frequency and amount of alcohol consumed by a person. The more often and more a person abuses alcohol, the higher the risk of developing NCDs and the mortality rate. Purpose of the study: analysis of publications of the World Health Organization and scientific publications of foreign researchers on the influence of alcohol on the development of non-communicable diseases.Materials and research methods. Content analysis of documents of the World Health Organization and foreign studies on the assessment of the impact of alcohol In total, 48 documents of international organizations were analyzed, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations (UN), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-IARC) and the World Bank, as well as 211 scientific publications. Of these, 19 documents were selected, which included materials from WHO, UN, IARC and the World Bank on the impact of alcohol abuse on health, and 63 scientific publications on this topic. Selection criterion: the content in the documents of materials that adequately describe the impact of alcohol abuse on health as a risk factor for the development of various diseases.Results. An analysis of the documents and publications presented revealed a large massif of evidence that the harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in the development of a number of noncommunicable diseases, an increase in mortality and disability at earlier stages of life, and the development of a link between harmful use of alcohol and a number of mental and behavioral disorders.

scholarly journals Targeting Epigenetic Mechanisms to Treat Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD).

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. David Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Compulsive Consumption ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of abusive alcohol consumption on human health is remarkable. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 3.3 million people die annually because of harmful alcohol consumption (the figure represents around 5.9% of global deaths). Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic disease where individuals exhibit compulsive alcohol drinking and present negative emotional states when they do not drink. In the most severe manifestations of AUD, the individuals lose control over intake despite a decided will to stop drinking. Given the multiple faces and the specific forms of this disease, the term AUD often appears in the plural (AUDs). Since only a few approved pharmacological treatments are available to treat AUD and they do not apply to all individuals or AUD forms, the search for compounds that may help to eliminate the burden of the disease and complement other therapeutical approaches is necessary. Method: This work reviews recent research focused on the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms on the pathophysiology of AUD. Excessive drinking leads to chronic and compulsive consumption that eventually damages the organism. The central nervous system is a key target and is the focus of this study. The search for the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms behind the intricated dysregulation induced by ethanol will aid researchers in establishing new therapy approaches. Conclusion: Recent findings in the field of epigenetics are essential and offer new windows for observation and research. The study of small molecules that inhibit key epienzymes involved in nucleosome architecture dynamics is necessary in order to prove their action and specificity in the laboratory and to test their effectivity and safety in clinical trials with selected patients bearing defined alterations caused by ethanol.

scholarly journals ClusterMix K-Prototypes Algorithm to Capture Variable Characteristics of Patient Mortality With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raditya Novidianto ◽  
Hardianto Wibowo ◽  
Didih Rizki Chandranegara
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cluster 2

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of many death worldwide, leading to heart failure incidence. The World Health Organization (WHO) says the number of people dying from cardiovascular disease from heart failure each year has an average of 17,9 million deaths each year, about 31 percent of the total deaths globally. Identify the mortality factors of heart failure patients that need to be formed, which reduces death due to heart failure. One of them is by using variable mortality due to heart failure by applying the k-prototypes algorithm. The clustering result is formed 2 clusters that are considered optimal based on the highest silhouette coefficient value of 0,5777. The results of the study were carried out as segmentation of patients with variable mortality of heart failure patients, which showed that cluster 1 is a cluster of patients who have a low risk of the chance of mortality due to heart failure and cluster 2 is a cluster of patients with a high risk of mortality due to heart failure. The segmentation is based on the average value of each variable of heart failure mortality factor in each cluster compared to normal conditions in serum creatine variables, ejection fraction,  age,  serum sodium, blood pressure, anemia,  creatinine phosphokinase,  platelets, smoking, gender, and diabetes.

scholarly journals The influence of alcohol abuse on agitation, delirium and sedative requirements of patients admitted to a general intensive care unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Donald Stewart ◽  
John Kinsella ◽  
Joanne McPeake ◽  
Tara Quasim ◽  
Alex Puxty
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Purpose Patients with alcohol-related disease constitute an increasing proportion of those admitted to intensive care unit. There is currently limited evidence regarding the impact of alcohol use on levels of agitation, delirium and sedative requirements in intensive care unit. This study aimed to determine whether intensive care unit-admitted alcohol-abuse patients have different sedative requirements, agitation and delirium levels compared to patients with no alcohol issues. Methods This retrospective analysis of a prospectively acquired database (June 2012–May 2013) included 257 patients. Subjects were stratified into three risk categories: alcohol dependency (n = 69), at risk (n = 60) and low risk (n = 128) according to Fast Alcohol Screening Test scores and World Health Organisation criteria for alcohol-related disease. Data on agitation and delirium were collected using validated retrospective chart-screening methods and sedation data were extracted and then log-transformed to fit the regression model. Results Incidence of agitation (p = 0.034) and delirium (p = 0.041) was significantly higher amongst alcohol-dependent patients compared to low-risk patients as was likelihood of adverse events (p = 0.007). In contrast, at-risk patients were at no higher risk of these outcomes compared to the low-risk group. Alcohol-dependent patients experienced suboptimal sedation levels more frequently and received a wider range of sedatives (p = 0.019) but did not receive higher daily doses of any sedatives. Conclusions Our analysis demonstrates that when admitted to intensive care unit, it is those who abuse alcohol most severely, alcohol-dependent patients, rather than at-risk drinkers who have a significantly increased risk of agitation, delirium and suboptimal sedation. These patients may require closer assessment and monitoring for these outcomes whilst admitted.

scholarly journals Collision of Three Pandemics: The Coexistence of Cervical Cancer, HIV Infection, and Prior Tuberculosis in the Sub-Saharan Country of Botswana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola M. Zetola ◽  
Surbhi Grover ◽  
Chawangwa Modongo ◽  
Sebathu P. Chiyapo ◽  
Memory Nsingo-Bvochora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Mortality

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the developing world, where HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection are also endemic. HIV infection is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality among women with cervical cancer. TB is believed to increase the risk of malignancies and could cause chronic inflammation in the gynecologic tract. However, the relationship between cervical cancer and TB in settings hyperendemic for HIV is unknown. We found that 18 (10%) of a cohort of 180 women with cervical cancer in Botswana had a history of TB disease. Age and HIV infection were also associated with a history of TB disease. Our data show that prior TB disease is highly prevalent among patients with cervical cancer infected with HIV. The coexistence of cervical cancer, HIV infection, and prior TB infection might be higher than expected in the general population. Prospective studies are needed to better determine the impact of the collision of these three world health epidemics.

scholarly journals Counseling an alcohol abuse patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2782
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Maksimova ◽  
D. M. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Behavioral Counseling

Alcohol abuse is the regular or episodical alcohol consumption that can cause adverse medical and social consequences without signs of dependence. In Russia, 35% of the population regularly consume alcoholic drinks in very high doses. At the same time, abuse often remains undiagnosed or is not considered a medical problem. However, it is precisely this that causes the massive prevalence of alcohol-related physical and mental health problems, as well as social functioning. The situation can be improved, including through early detection and effective behavioral counseling, especially in primary health care. The World Health Organization recommends a five-step approach to identify and correct alcohol abuse:— identify the alcohol consumption level using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT);— recommend decreasing alcohol consumption;— assess readiness and barriers to cessation or decrease of alcohol use;— help the patient to develop motivations;— continue monitoring and support on follow-up visits.Behavioral counseling for alcohol abuse is provided in a non-judgmental manner as part of the routine medical appointment for any other medical condition. The content of the counseling depends on the motivation of a patient. For hesitant patients who are uncertain about the appropriateness or their ability to reduce alcohol use, a so-called motivational interviewing is conducted, which allows a patient to speak out about the problem and helps to correct unhealthy behaviors. This article is a guideline for health care professionals on brief preventive counseling for alcohol abuse patients.

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