scholarly journals Early medieval burial of woman and fox at the slog necropolis in Ravna (Timacum Minus) in Eastern Serbia

Starinar ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
Sofija Petkovic ◽  
Dragica Gojkovic ◽  
Jelena Bulatovic
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Slope ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
The West ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Three Phases ◽  
Late Roman

On the eastern slope of Slog Hill in Ravna, some 400 m to the west of the Roman fortification of Timacum Minus, a multilayered necropolis was investigated from 1994 to 1996 and from 2013 to 2015. There are two main horizons of the necropolis - Late Roman and Early Medieval. The late Roman necropolis has three phases dated from the middle of the 4th to the middle of the 5th century. The early medieval necropolis, according to the new excavations, has two phases, the earlier dated to the 8th - 9th centuries and the later from the end of the 9th to the beginning of the 11th century. An interesting grave (G 159), belonging to the earlier medieval phase of necropolis, was discovered in 2014. It is a unique burial of a woman and a fox, which has its only analogy in a disturbed woman and fox grave (grave 16) at the early Avar necropolis in Becej. The burial with a fox could be interpreted in two ways - that the animal has a cult - ritual - magic meaning or that the fox was a pet of the deceased.

scholarly journals Military graves from the Late Roman necropolis at slog in Ravna (Timacum Minus)

Starinar ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 87-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofija Petkovic ◽  
Natasa Miladinovic-Radmilovic
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
The Village ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Three Phases ◽  
Late Roman

The necropolises of the Roman fortification and settlement Timacum Minus, in the village of Ravna, near Knjazevac, were partially explored by systematical and rescue archaeological excavations. The most extensively explored was the part of the Late Roman necropolis on the eastern slope of the Slog hill, about 400m west of the fortification, where 80 graves from this period have been investigated. The analysis of the human osteological material, and the archaeological finds from the aforementioned necropolis, confirmed 17 military graves, containing adult male individuals with traces of injuries, stress markers and pathological changes, characteristic of a military population, as well as military equipment and weapons. At the time of the formation of the Late Roman necropolis at the site of Slog, during the second half of the 4th and the first half of the 5th century, the garrison of the Timacum Minus fortification consisted of an equestrian unit of pseudocomitatenses Timacenses, a part of the auxiliary formation that secured the forts and roads in the Timok region. Among the graves from the three phases of the Late Roman necropolis, similarities as well as certain differences are apparent, indicating changes in the structure of the civilian and military population of Timacum Minus.

Diocletian's Price-Edict at Ptolemais (Cyrenaica)

1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Caputo ◽  
Richard Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In ◽  
Late Roman

Introduction.—The systematic exploration of Ptolemais (modern Tolmeita), in Cyrenaica, began in 1935 under the auspices of the Italian Government, and under the direction of the first-named writer. The general programme of excavation took into consideration not only the important Hellenistic period, which gave the city its name and saw its first development as an autonomous trading-centre, but also the late-Roman age when, upon Diocletian's reforms, Ptolemais became capital of the new province of Libya Pentapolis and a Metropolitan See, later occupied by Bishop Synesius.As one of several starting-points for the study of this later period, there was selected the area first noted by the Beecheys as containing ‘heaps of columns’, which later yielded the monumental inscriptions of Valentinian, Arcadius, and Honorius, published by Oliverio. Here excavation soon brought to light a decumanus, running from the major cardo on the west towards the great Byzantine fortress on the east. Architectural and other discoveries made in 1935–36 justified the provisional title ‘Monumental Street’ assigned to this ancient thoroughfare. In terms of the general town-plan, which is extremely regular, this street may be called ‘Decumanus II North’, since two rows of long rectangular insulae separate it from the Decumanus Maximus leading to the West Gate, still erect. The clearing of the Monumental Street and its frontages revealed the well-known Maenad reliefs, attributed to the sculptor Callimachus, a late-Roman triple Triumphal Arch, and fragments of monumental inscriptions similar in character to those previously published from the same area.

A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF THE REVIEWER ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 645-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAN WANG ◽  
NING SHI ◽  
BEN CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intelligence Operations ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Matching Degree ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Three Phases

Reviewer Assignment Problem (RAP) is an important issue in peer-review of academic writing. This issue directly influences the quality of the publication and as such is the brickwork of scientific authentication. Due to the obvious limitations of manual assignment, automatic approaches for RAP is in demand. In this paper, we conduct a survey on those automatic approaches appeared in academic literatures. In this paper, regardless of the way reviewer assignment is structured, we formally divide the RAP into three phases: reviewer candidate search, matching degree computation, and assignment optimization. We find that current research mainly focus on one or two phases, but obviously, these three phases are correlative. For each phase, we describe and classify the main issues and methods for addressing them. Methodologies in these three phases have been developed in a variety of research disciplines, including information retrieval, artificial intelligence, operations research, etc. Naturally, we categorize different approaches by these disciplines and provide comments on their advantages and limitations. With an emphasis on identifying the gaps between current approaches and the practical needs, we point out the potential future research opportunities, including integrated optimization, online optimization, etc.

Education and Community Formation

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Jack Tannous
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Christian Education ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Tiered System ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Late Roman

This chapter studies Christian education in the post-Chalcedonian Middle East. It is unlikely that an attempt would be made to educate all young Christian boys—the need for child labor in an overwhelmingly agrarian society would have made such a goal difficult to achieve. In fact, it was perhaps only in the regions which surrounded certain especially strong monasteries that educating all boys was even an ideal. However, one should still recognize that the spread of Christianity in the Middle East and the post-Chalcedonian increase in educational efforts must have had a positive effect on literacy rates, even if those rates remained quite low. A two-tiered system seems to have been the most typical course that education took in the late Roman and early medieval Middle East. Indeed, some members of the clergy would receive more than just the basic education.

Early Medieval Art in the West

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-100
Author(s):  
Marilyn Stokstad
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Art ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
The West

The Question of Francia (400–816)

On Hospitals ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 59-79
Author(s):  
Sethina Watson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Hospital Reform ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Many

The consistency of the character of hospitals in law, as observed in Chapter 2, suggests a customary legal inheritance that preceded classical canon law. Part II turns now to the early middle ages to discover that inheritance. This chapter begins that process by unpicking the long-held model of the early medieval hospital. It surveys the many hypotheses for the origins of hospital law in the West, which claim that hospital law adopted from the East and accommodated via Frankish councils. The chapter confronts the latter of these claims and re-examines its twin pillars: a legal formula of ‘murderers of the poor’ (necator pauperum) and a hospital reform at Aachen (816). The first hinges on the council of Orléans (549), whose efforts were aimed at one royal foundation, King Childebert and Queen Ultrogotha’s xenodochium at Lyons. The council of Aachen’s (816) rules for canons and canonesses prescribed a way of common life for these religious, with different facilities for each for the poor. The chapter argues that the efforts of both councils were singular, and carefully circumscribed. Frankish councils were not to take an interest in xenodochia until c.850. Legal initiatives regarding hospitals began elsewhere.

Adapting to Life Without the Legions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hinton
Keyword(s):  
High Order ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Imperial Authority ◽  
The North ◽  
Hadrian's Wall ◽  
Gold Coins ◽  
Subsequent Failure ◽  
Late Roman

If gold and silver are a measure of wealth, late Roman Britain was very rich. Hoards of coins, jewellery, and plate buried in the late fourth and early fifth centuries show that their owners’ lifestyle was coming to an end as central imperial authority broke down, troops were withdrawn from the island, villas fell into disuse, and towns lost their markets and trade. Raiders threatened by land and sea: Irish from the west, Pictish from the north, Frisian, Saxon, and others from the east; and as civic order broke down, the likelihood of robbery by people living south of Hadrian’s Wall grew worse. The hoards’ owners were right to worry, and their subsequent failure to retrieve their valuables must testify to many personal catastrophes. Hoards containing dishes, bowls, and spoons as well as coins and jewellery have been found on the east side of Roman Britain from Canterbury, Kent, in the south to Whorlton, Yorkshire, in the north. Further west, coin-hoards are quite plentiful, although none has any plate. Some contain jewellery, like one found in 1843 at Amesbury, Wiltshire, that included three silver finger-rings; in the same area, another hoard with eight gold coins and one of silver was found in 1990, apparently concealed in a pot around the year 405, to judge from the date of the latest coin. But as with plate so with jewellery, the contrast with the east is still considerable; Thetford, Norfolk, has gold finger-rings as well as ornamental chains, bracelets, and a buckle; Hoxne, Suffolk, has gold bracelets, and again chains, these with elaborate mounts. Some of the craftsmanship shown in these pieces is of a high order, that only well-off patrons could have afforded. The plate suggests displays of tableware by a society that set great store on being able to offer lavish feasts and entertainment. These late Roman treasures may be giving a slightly false impression of Britain’s prosperity. Silver was probably extracted from the same native deposits that yielded lead, so would have been more available than in most parts of the Empire. Some may also have entered Britain from Ireland, where evidence of Roman intervention is accumulating.

Introduction: Rhetoric and realities

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Maijastina Kahlos
Keyword(s):  
Church Leaders ◽  
The West ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Christian Congregations ◽  
Late Roman

The introduction defines several concepts that are used throughout the book. The religious dissidents in late Roman society were pagans and heretics. These terms are only shorthand: ‘pagans’ for non-Christians, and ‘heretics’ for deviant Christians. They are relational, meaning that there would have been no pagans without the viewpoint of Christians. Similarly, the question of who was a heretic depended on the perceiver. The period under scrutiny saw the Christianization of imperial and ecclesiastical discourses of control. Imperial power is understood as the emperors in both the East and the West, the imperial courts, and the administration. Ecclesiastical power refers to church leaders—mainly bishops, whose authority was increasing during the fourth and fifth centuries. There was no uniform church, and Christian congregations were miscellaneous assemblages of adherents.

Sociological formation and reception of translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhui Xu ◽  
Jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
International Circulation ◽  
Border Town ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Three Phases

Abstract This study draws on Bourdieu’s conceptualization of the international circulation of ideas to examine the sociological formation process of a translation. Taking the translated Chinese novel Border Town as an example, this study investigates the three phases of that process: selection; labeling and classification; and reading and reception. It discovers that the first two phases have created favorable conditions for the reception of the translated novel, but the translation was not well received. This article argues that the reception of a translation depends on the success of every phase of the sociological formation process. The reception of a translation is constructed and consecrated through the joint efforts of different agents in each phase. Only through a holistic sociological consideration of the dynamics of the formation process can we reach a real understanding of the reception of a translated work.

scholarly journals Individual Phase Full-Power Testing Method for High-Power STATCOM

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingjun Huang ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yanjun Tan ◽  
Xinguo Mao ◽  
Siguo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Test System ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Individual Phase ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Power Testing ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Three Phases

For a high-power static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), a full-power pre-operation test in the factory is necessary to ensure the product quality of a newly manufactured one. But owing to the hardware limitation and cost of test platform, such test is currently too difficult to conduct in the factory, thus it poses great risk to the on-site operation and commissioning. To address this issue, this paper proposes an individual phase full-power testing method for STATCOM. By changing the port connection, three-phase STATCOM was reconstructed into a structure that two phases are in parallel and then in series with the third-phase, and then connected to two phases of the rated voltage grid. Then by rationally matching the voltage and current of three phases, the parallel phases can get a reactive current hedging under both the rated voltage and rated current, meanwhile three phases maintain their active power balance. As a result, STATCOM gets a phase full-power tested phase by phase. The simulation results in Matlab/Simulink show that, under the proposed test system, both the voltage and current of the parallel two phases get their rated values while the grid current is only about 3% of the rated current, meanwhile the DC-link voltage of each phase converter is stabilized. Compared with other testing methods for STATCOM, this method requires neither extra hardware nor high-capacity power supply to construct the test platform, but it can simultaneously examine both the entire main circuit and a large part of the control system in STATCOM. Therefore, it provides a cost-effective engineering method for the factory test of high-power STATCOM.

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