From an element to a composition: Reconstruction of a vault of terracotta tubes from Timacum Minus, Serbia

Starinar ◽

10.2298/sta2070173b ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 173-199

Author(s):

Igor Bjelic ◽

Emilija Nikolic

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Archaeological Research ◽

Construction Process ◽

Roman Architecture ◽

Heating Systems ◽

South Eastern ◽

South Eastern Europe ◽

Archaeological Excavations ◽

Additional Interpretation

The renewal of the archaeological excavations of Timacum Minus in 2019 initiated extensive analyses and an additional interpretation of the results of previous excavations of its buildings. One of the buildings outside the fortification has attracted special attention, because of both its constructive solutions and its dimensions. Although the archaeological research of ?the building with a hypocaust? has never been completed, there are enough discovered segments that indicate the applied building techniques and constructions. In addition to under-floor and wall heating systems, this building had vaults built of terracotta tubes. The rarely discovered and insufficiently documented examples of this type of vaulted structure in Roman architecture in south-eastern Europe necessitate a deeper analysis of their remains in Timacum Minus, with the aim of obtaining relevant information important not only for the reconstruction of the construction process and appearance of ?the building with a hypocaust?, but also for future architectural analyses of Roman buildings in the territory of Serbia and in the surrounding region.

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Transition towards a sustainable heating and cooling sector - case study of southeast European countries

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci190107269r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (6 Part A) ◽

pp. 3293-3306 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dominik Rutz ◽

Jakob Worm ◽

Christian Doczekal ◽

Anes Kazagic ◽

Neven Duic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Social Indicators ◽

District Heating ◽

Southeast Europe ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Horizon 2020 ◽

Sustainable Solutions ◽

South Eastern ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

South Eastern Europe

Many traditional heating systems which are based on fossils face challenges such as lack of investment or unfavorable price regulations, low technical performance, environmental impacts and negative consumer perceptions. The CoolHeating project which is, funded by the EU?s Horizon 2020 programme and presented in this paper promotes the implementation of small modular renewable heating and cooling grids for communities in South-Eastern Europe. Core project activities bincluded measures to stimulate the interest of communities and citizens to set-up renewable district heating systems in five target communities in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and North Macedonia up to the investment stage. Single criteria and multi-criteria assessment approaches, considering economic, environmental and social indicators of the targeted projects, have been applied in this work in order to investigate opportunities for the sustainable transition of the heating and cooling sectors of the target communities of Southeast Europe. Both approaches confirm the feasibilities of the transition from traditional to renewable energy-based heating systems for each target community in the countries of South-Eastern Europe. After simulation and replication of the results, the sustainability analysis indicatively shows that the transitions from traditional fossil-based, poor-maintained, and difficult-to-manage heating systems towards renewable district heating and cooling systems in Southeast Europe are sustainable solutions. Having in mind the modularity of such systems, those solutions can be replicated in other Southeast European cities and other countries.

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