scholarly journals Hammering the past: The experimental (re)construction and usage of prehistoric mining hammerstones from the Prljusa-Mali Sturac site, Rudnik Mountain

Starinar ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 85-112
Author(s):  
Vidan Dimic
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Mining Technology ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Prehistoric Mining ◽  
Mining Tools

The locality of Prljusa-Mali Sturac on Rudnik Mountain is one of the richest prehistoric mining sites in Europe, taking into account the number of recorded, collected and analysed mining hammerstones. The reasonably estimated number of these tools of 2,000 and more clearly depicts the intensity of prehistoric mining activities at this locality as well as the conspicuousness of the mining potential which this mountain possessed. During the archaeological research conducted so far, 688 hammerstones have been collected and analysed (of which 478 are from recent excavation campaigns), thus producing results based on which hypotheses were made regarding their manufacture and use. Consequently, in the summer of 2017, an experimental (re)construction was undertaken on three basic types of these tools, as a complementary segment to a set of functional and typological analyses. The goal of the experimental research was to enable and gather as much as possible data that would serve as a comparative filter for testing previously set hypotheses and research questions related to the manufacture and usage modes of this category of mining tools. The mining hammerstones made for the purpose of this experiment proved to be extensively efficient in practice. The obtained results enabled a more complete understanding of the prehistoric mining technology on this site, but also raised some new questions.

scholarly journals A review of current work in research of Trombe walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 03025
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Qiao Xi ◽  
Qingsong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Trombe Wall ◽  
Research Questions

Sustainable architecture and green building are recognized techniques to address the energy and environmental crises. In this regard, the Trombe Wall has also attracted attention for its potential ability to address the energy and environmental crises. Trombe Wall is regarded as a sustainable architectural technology for insulation. This article reviews the classification and configuration of Trombe Wall and the most relevant content of Trombe Wall research carried out in various countries over the past few decades. This review discusses the characteristics of the main subspecies of the Trombe Wall. In terms of content, according to the research methods of different types of Trombe walls, they can be divided into two categories: theoretical simulation research and experimental research. The advantages of this sustainable architectural technology have been highlighted, and future research questions have been identified.

scholarly journals Pottery Goes Public. Performing Archaeological Research Amid the Audience

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes Opgenhaffen ◽  
Martina Revello Lami ◽  
Ivan Kisjes
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Ceramic Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Opening Up

Abstract The project Pottery Goes Public explores the potential of 3D analytical tools to assess to what extent they can provide us with new interpretations and insights into the technological aspects of ancient pottery manufacturing. However, developing innovative 3D imaging techniques for ceramic analysis is not the only aim of the project. Since its inception, Pottery Goes Public has been designed to involve a wider audience not only into the study of ancient potting techniques, but also into the very process of carrying out the research. As advocated by the proponents of a reflexive approach to archaeology, in order to make the past relevant to contemporary society it is imperative for the archaeologist to include all interested parties into every stage of the analysis, from the formulation of the research questions to the dissemination of outputs. In this sense, the deployment of modern 3D technologies proved to be an indisputably powerful medium of communication and interaction with the public at large. Performing live archaeological research with cutting edge tools is a key step towards opening up academic research to multiple actors and actively engaging them with the archaeological interpretative process.

Archaeology and the Body

Anthropology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Wesp ◽  
Rosemary A. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Body ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Questions

The body has become a central focus of archaeological research as practitioners ask questions about the role of individual human beings, their engagement with things, and the effects of embodied actions in the past. The body can serve as a starting point for analyzing diversity in past populations in terms of sex, gender, status, ethnicity, ability, and other aspects of identity. Study of the human body allows practitioners to reconstruct how culture change affected portions of populations in different ways. Archaeologists draw on a wide range of social theories from allied disciplines that have explored gender, race, ability, and philosophical understandings of living in a body to explore how material remains of past populations can be used to provide temporal depth to questions about embodiment. Archaeologists employ a variety of materials to address embodiment, ranging from human skeletal remains, materials used as clothing and adornment, tools employed as extensions of the body, and objects and immobile features that structure embodied experiences. This diversity of materials facilitates examination of similarly diverse research questions, including phenomenological understandings of how the world is experienced through the body and the senses; how cultural practices modified bodies; how visual culture, including representations of bodies, create and change body ideologies; and how skeletal remains were shaped by daily life in the past. In recent years, archaeologists have begun to reflect on the ethical implications of archaeological research on human bodies and how this research can be conducted to include perspectives from descendant communities and the public regarding research questions and the presentation of results. Archaeologists also consider how their own experiences are shaped by working with human remains.

scholarly journals Notes on Archaeology and Prehistoric Mining in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Verhoef
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
National Park ◽  
Board Of Trustees ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
Prehistoric Mining

Archaeological research in the Kruger National Park (KNP) was formally instituted in 1963. During 1973 the National Parks Board of Trustees allocated an archaeo-ethnological research project to the Department of Archaeology, University of Pretoria and this step revealed that the KNP has an important archaelogical research potential. A review of these reconnaissance activities (between 1973-1983) is given and the chronology of archaeological sites and finds (Early, Middle and Late Stone Ages) in the KNP are briefly discussed. Data are also presented on the Iron Age and localities of prehistoric mining activities are identified.

scholarly journals Archaeology, Heritage, and Moral Terrains: Two Cases from the Mesa Verde Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Wolverton ◽  
Robert Melchior Figueroa ◽  
Porter Swentzell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mesa Verde ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Multiple Obstacles ◽  
Mesa Verde Region

Multiple cultural identities converge in Mesa Verde archaeology. Archaeologists have engaged research questions for the last half century, leading to cultural reconstructive summaries about how Pueblo people lived prior to migrating out of the Mesa Verde region. The importance of this narrative centers on the identity of the researcher as an archaeologist. An increasingly recognized narrative among archaeologists is that of Pueblo identity, in which contemporary Pueblo people claim Mesa Verde villages and landscapes as part of their heritage. Generally speaking, Pueblo people and archaeologists navigate separate moral terrains, which pose multiple obstacles for both archaeologists and Pueblo people pertaining to the past, present, and future of the Mesa Verde region. A conceptual framework from environmental philosophy opens a platform for reconciliation by providing a relational narrative that empowers Pueblo identity and recalibrates archaeology. This environmental justice lens is applied to two archaeological research narratives, one centering on chemical analysis of biomolecular artifact residues and the other on paleohydrology and Pueblo farming.

Introduction to biometric measures for Games User Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart E. Nacke
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Data ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
User Research ◽  
Academic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Industry Professionals

This chapter presents the physiological metrics used in Games User Research (GUR). Aimed at GUR professionals in the games industry, it explains what methods are available to researchers to measure biometric data while subjects are engaged in play. It sets out when it is appropriate to use biometric measures in GUR projects, the kind of data generated, and the differing ways it can be analysed. The chapter also discusses the trade-offs required when interpreting physiological data, and will help games researchers to make informed decisions about which research questions can benefit from biometric methodologies. As the equipment needed to collect biometric data becomes more sophisticated as well as cheaper, physiological testing of players during a game’s development will become more common. At the same time, Games User Researchers will become more discriminating in its use. Where in the past professionals in the games industry have used biometric testing to generate quick, actionable feedback about player responses to elements of a game, and have been less concerned with the scientific robustness of their methodology, as GUR develops a new breed of games industry professionals are attempting to deploy good academic practice in their researches.

scholarly journals Ecodesign—A Review of Reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Malte Schäfer ◽  
Manuel Löwer
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Over Time

With the intent of summing up the past research on ecodesign and making it more accessible, we gather findings from 106 existing review articles in this field. Five research questions on terminology, evolution, barriers and success factors, methods and tools, and synergies, guide the clustering of the resulting 608 statements extracted from the reference. The quantitative analysis reveals that the number of review articles has been increasing over time. Furthermore, most statements originate from Europe, are published in journals, and address barriers and success factors. For the qualitative analysis, the findings are grouped according to the research question they address. We find that several names for similar concepts exist, with ecodesign being the most popular one. It has evolved from “end-of-pipe” pollution prevention to a more systemic concept, and addresses the complete life cycle. Barriers and success factors extend beyond the product development team to management, customers, policymakers, and educators. The number of ecodesign methods and tools available to address them is large, and more reviewing, testing, validation, and categorization of the existing ones is necessary. Synergies between ecodesign and other research disciplines exist in theory, but require implementation and testing in practice.

scholarly journals Applications of Smart Helmet in Applied Sciences: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5039
Author(s):  
Yosoon Choi ◽  
Yeanjae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modular Concept ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Cloud Servers

A smart helmet is a wearable device that has attracted attention in various fields, especially in applied sciences, where extensive studies have been conducted in the past decade. In this study, the current status and trends of smart helmet research were systematically reviewed. Five research questions were set to investigate the research status of smart helmets according to the year and application field, as well as the trend of smart helmet development in terms of types of sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication technology. A total of 103 academic research articles published in the past 11 years (2009–2020) were analyzed to address the research questions. The results showed that the number of smart helmet applications reported in literature has been increasing rapidly since 2018. The applications have focused mostly on ensuring the safety of motorcyclists. A single-board-based modular concept unit, such as the Arduino board, and sensor for monitoring human health have been used the most for developing smart helmets. Approximately 85% of smart helmets have been developed to date using wireless communication technology to transmit data obtained from smart helmets to other smart devices or cloud servers.

Exercise Physiology From 1980 to 2020: Application of the Natural Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jane A. Kent ◽  
Kate L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The field of exercise physiology has enjoyed tremendous growth in the past 40 years. With its foundations in the natural sciences, it is an interdisciplinary field that is highly relevant to human performance and health. The focus of this review is on highlighting new approaches, knowledge, and opportunities that have emerged in exercise physiology over the last four decades. Key among these is the adoption of advanced technologies by exercise physiologists to address fundamental research questions, and the expansion of research topics to range from molecular to organismal, and population scales in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms and impact of physiological responses to exercise in health and disease. Collectively, these advances have ensured the position of the field as a partner in generating new knowledge across many scientific and health disciplines.

Older age as a time to contribute: a scoping review of generativity in later life

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Feliciano Villar ◽  
Rodrigo Serrat ◽  
Michael W. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract Research on later-life generativity has promoted a new view of older persons that, far from the traditional images of disability, dependence and frailty, recognises their capacities, and potential to continue growing, while underlining their participation and contributions to families, communities and society. The goal of this study was to carry out a scoping review on later-life generativity, the first one conducted on this topic as far as we know, to show how studies in this area have evolved, which aspects of generativity in later life have been studied, and the methodological and epistemological approaches that are dominant in this area of inquiry. Our scoping review shows that research into generativity in later life has grown steadily over the past 30 years, and particularly during the last decade. However, our results also show how such growing interest has focused on certain methodological approaches, epistemological frameworks and cultural contexts. We identify four critical gaps and leading-edge research questions that should be at the forefront of future research into generativity in later life, gaps that reflect biases in the existing literature identified in the study. These are classified as methodological, developmental, contextual and ‘dark-side’ gaps.

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