scholarly journals Socio-cultural models as an important element of the site selection process in rural waste management

Spatium ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Nenkovic-Riznic
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Waste Elimination

The problem of waste management in rural areas has not been the subject of detailed specific researches since most of the research has been directed towards the study of means, mechanisms and procedures of waste elimination in urban settlements. The reason for the reduced scope of research in this field lies in the fact that rural settlements cannot be considered as "grateful" subjects due to usual deficiency of specific data (population number, fluctuations, amount of waste, waste composition, methods of waste elimination, etc.). In addition, for several decades the villages have primarily eliminated waste spontaneously. This has proven difficult to research because of the variations of methods applied to each specific locale, as well as different environmental variables. These criteria are based on patterns of behavior, customs and habits of the local population, but they also insist on absolute participation of local stakeholders in waste management. On the other hand, although Serbia has a legislative frame which is fully harmonized with European laws, there is a problem within unclearly defined waste management system which is oriented mainly on rural areas. The reason for this is the fact that waste management in rural areas is the part of regional waste management, and does not operate independently from the system in "urban" areas. However, since rural areas require the construction of recycling yards, this paper will present a new methodology, which equally valuates techno-economic criteria and social criteria in determining waste elimination locations. This paper will also point out varieties of actors in the process of waste elimination in rural areas, as well as the possibility of their participation.

scholarly journals Оn the issue of revitalization of public centers in rural settlements of Ukrain

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Silnik O. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Climatic Environment ◽  
Wide Range

The rural settlement occupies a very important place in the modern socio-cultural structure of our state. Ukraine has a huge agricultural potential, and rural development has a significant impact on the economic situation. An important task of society is to increase the quality of life of its inhabitants. The comfort of rural settlements is influenced by the quality of housing, the level of cultural and industrial infrastructure. Domestic and foreign experience confirms the importance of the development of rural entrepreneurship, services, cultural education. The issue of solving the construction and planning of a modern village can be solved taking into account detailed analysis of the existing state of the territory. All components of settlements, from the condition of streets and existing utilities to existing buildings, are integral parts. If we cover the issues of the street network, the quality does not meet the modern requirements for the operation of modern equipment. The disadvantages are both in the quality of the street pavement and in the peculiarities of the layout, this applies to unregulated street profiles, unsuccessful junctions of nodal elements. Construction and development of public buildings in modern villages of Ukraine also do not meet the needs of modern residents of settlements. A number of reforms already underway by the state prove that rural settlements need to be renewed not only in the field of the technological equipment but also in the structure of construction in general. One of the methods of solving this problem is the arrangement of cultural and domestic, administrative, educational institutions in rural areas, landscaping for active and quiet recreation. At the present stage, there are also problems with solving the development of settlements, which are under the influence of large urban areas. These settlements combine agricultural and industrial areas, perform a wide range of functions that are not always successfully combined, and have a positive impact on the living standards of the peasants themselves. Given the current stages of transformation of settlements in modern conditions, there is a need to create virtual models of development of areas with projected areas of development of both residential areas and areas with industrial and economic purposes. Work on the renovation of existing rural settlements should take into account a wide range of factors: the existing natural and climatic environment, traditions of the local population, existing infrastructure, both cultural and economic, location in the structure of administrative planning, and interaction of adjacent territories, etc

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Crime in Socially Distressed Cluster in Oke Ogun Region, Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Ige ◽  
W.M Raheem
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The study is a methodological approach to measuring crime in distressed cluster in different geographic resolutions in Oke-Ogun Region of Oyo State with a view to examining spatial variation in crime concentration in the area. Crime reports of Oke-Ogun Region were collated from the Nigeria Police records on eighteen typologies of crime categorised in police blotter into crime against person and property from 2005 to 2015. Analytical techniques adapted to examine crime concentration were Zscore and Location Quotient of Crime (LQC). For the purpose of having the real picture of crime concentration as one moves across different spatial scales of settlements, settlements in the area were spatially disaggregated into three levels; urban, semi urban and rural settlements. Analysis with the use of Z-score showed that store breaking and arson for crime against property and murder for crime against person were more concentrated in rural settlements than every other crime type relatively. House breaking for crime against property, and breach of peace for crime against person were more concentrated in semi urban settlements, while burglary for crime against property, rape and indecent assault and unnatural offence for crime against person were conspicuously concentrated in urban settlements. Concentration of property crime therefore decreases as one move from rural areas to urban areas with Z scores of -1.15, 0.33 and 1.84 in urban, semi urban and rural areas respectively. However, the concentration of crime against person increases as one move from rural areas through semi urban to urban settlement, with Z scores of 4.06, 0.56 and -3.72 in urban, semi urban and rural areas respectively. Further analysis with LQC was done, and it was observed that rural settlements had (LQC =0.98) a disproportionately low share of 2% of crimes against person relative to urban settlement and that armed robbery, arson and false pretense / cheating are endemic nature of both semi urban and rural settlements. The study concluded that the cluster of aggregated crime types conformed to regular spatial pattern with declining crime cluster as one move from urban areas through semi urban to rural settlement.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Government Policies in Controlling COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 002073142098374
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Pandey ◽  
Nitin Kishore Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Population Number

The purpose of this study is to find the demographic factors associated with the spread of COVID-19 and to suggest a measure for identifying the effectiveness of government policies in controlling COVID-19. The study hypothesizes that the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients depends on the urban population, rural population, number of persons older than 50, population density, and poverty rate. A log-linear model is used to test the stated hypothesis, with the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients up to period [Formula: see text] as a dependent variable and demographic factors as an independent variable. The policy effectiveness indicator is calculated by taking the difference of the COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state based on the predicted model and the actual COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state[Formula: see text]Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, demographic factors such as rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus, people residing in urban areas face a significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to people in rural areas.

Urban–Rural Dichotomy in Planning: Review of Legal Framework in Four States of India

2021 ◽  
pp. 001955612110016
Author(s):  
Anurima Mukherjee Basu ◽  
Rutool Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Quantum Jump ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Territorial Approach ◽  
Sizeable Number

Current urbanisation trends in India show a quantum jump in number of ‘census towns’, which are not statutorily declared as urban areas, but have acquired all characteristics of urban settlements. Sizeable number of such census towns are not located near any Class 1 city. Lack of proper and timely planning has led to unplanned growth of these settlements. This article is based on a review of planning legislations, institutional framework and planning process of four states in India. The present article analyses the scope and limitations of the planning process adopted in the rapidly urbanising rural areas of these states. The findings reveal that states are still following a conventional approach to planning that treats ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ as separate categories and highlights the need for adopting an integrated territorial approach to planning of settlements.

scholarly journals Quality of life of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated area in Zhytomyr Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-483
Author(s):  
L. D. Romanchuk ◽  
L. O. Herasymchuk ◽  
S. P. Kovalyova ◽  
Yu. V. Kovalchuk ◽  
O. V. Lopatyuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Health Directorate

The article provides the assessment of the quality of life of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated areas of the Yemilchyno, Malyn, Korosten, Narodychi, Olevsk, Luhyny and Ovruch raions of the Zhytomyr region. The basis for the study and assessment of the quality of life of the population of radioactively contaminated administrative raions of the Zhytomyr region were the statistical data of the Main Directorate of Statistics in Zhytomyr Region, the Health Directorate of Zhytomyr Region State Administration, as well as our own results of a sociological survey. It was established that for the period between 2002 and 2018, the population of radioactively contaminated areas decreased by 24.7% (maximum values are representative of Malyn and Korosten raions). Natural population decline rates in rural settlements exceeded the corresponding values for urban settlements from 1.4 (Malyn raion) to 13 times (Olevsk raion). There is also the aging of the population, the largest share of the elderly (65 years old and older) - 21.7% and 20.8% are resident in the Korosten and Narodychi raions. The values of birth rates (7.5 (Ovruch raion) - 13 (Olevsk raion) per 1,000 of present population) did not have a positive effect on the demographic situation as a whole because of the high mortality rate exceeding the birth rate by 1.1 (Olevsk raion) - 2.9 times (Malyn raion). The main causes of death are diseases of the circulatory system (75.4%), cancer (10%) and external factors (7.3%). It was noted that there is a deterioration of the health of the local population; they pointed out that diseases related to the ChNPP accident include cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the circulatory, nervous and endocrine systems, diseases of bones and joints, headaches. The living conditions of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated areas of Zhytomyr region are unsatisfactory, which is confirmed by both objective data and subjective assessments of the residents themselves. The housing stock is outdated and it needs renovation. In order to improve the quality of life of the population of radioactively contaminated territories in the Zhytomyr region, it is necessary to reform the state policy, to provide financial support for their revival and creation of normal living and reproduction conditions for the population.

scholarly journals Natural Geography and Patterns of Local Population Growth and Decline in Spain: 1960–2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelheid Holl
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Growth Variation

This paper analyzes the role of natural geography for explaining local population change patterns. Using spatially detailed data for Spain from 1960 to 2011, the estimation results indicated that natural geography variables relate to about half of the population growth variation of rural areas and more than a third of the population growth variation of urban areas during this period. Local differences in climate, topography, and soil and rock formation as well as distance to aquifers and the coast contribute to variations in local population growth patterns. Although, over time, local population change became less related to differences in natural geography, natural geography is still significantly related to nearly a third of the variation in local population change in rural areas and the contribution of temperature range and precipitation seasonality has even increased. For urban areas, weather continues to matter too, with growth being higher in warmer places.

scholarly journals How does household characteristics influence their waste management?

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 06005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwini Handayani ◽  
Beta Yulianita Gitaharie ◽  
Restananda Nabilla Yussac ◽  
Rian Sabrina Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Management Behaviour ◽  
And Gender

The amount of waste generated is ever-increasing due to population growth, however adequate waste management has never been a focus in everyday life. The action of the household as the beginning stage of waste management is also crucial. How households manage their waste is also influenced by their socio-economic characteristics. This study aims to investigate household characteristics that influence their waste management. This study employed the Indonesian Family Life Survey 2014 data using probit regression method. The result shows that location significantly affect waste management behaviour which households in urban areas hold higher probability to manage their waste compared to those in rural areas. The level of education and knowledge also have positive impact on household’s waste management. The level of income also positively affect waste management behaviour of households. Demographic variables such as age and gender are significant and indicate that women and older people have better waste management compared to men and younger people. These results support the hypothesis that household’s waste management behaviour is significantly influenced by their characteristics.

scholarly journals Projects on Tyumen region "cultural framework": main results

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-141
Author(s):  
O. Shtele
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

Cultural heritage is an essential component of a socio-economic complex. Cultural  heritage  topic  should  be  addressed  within  the  context  of  the  development  of  regional social and economic processes, and be based  on  principles, that allow integration  of all  available  resources  of  the  territory.  This  concept,  based  on  the  use  of  cultural  heritage as  a  structural  element  of  a  socio-economic  complex,  was  developed  on  the  example  of  the Tyumen  region.  It  was  assumed,  that  the  organizational  and  economic  basis  for  the  use  of heritage  was  a  cultural  framework,  that  could  form  the  basis  of  a  new  strategic  direction for the development of both historical cities and small rural settlements.Within  the  framework  of  the  project,  practical  research  works  were  carried  out  to identify  cultural  heritage  objects  in  all  districts  and  urban  territories  of  the  south  of  the Tyumen  region.  About  150  settlements  were  examined  in  detail,  with  the  fixation  of  architectural  buildings  and  structures,  that  have  signs  of  cultural  heritage  objects.  Design  proposals have been developed for the use of existing and newly identified heritage sites, in order  to  form  the  cultural  and  landscape  environment  of  historical  settlements,  the  development  of  museum,  cultural,  educational  and  tourist  activities.  Proposals  have  been  formulated  for  the  socio-economic  development  of  urban  settlements  and  municipal  rural  areas, based  on  the  identified  potential  of  cultural  heritage.  As  an  example  of  how  the  use  of  cultural heritage and cultural practices can affect the life  of a  particular historical  settlement, design  developments  for  the  village  of  Usalka  in  the  Yarkovsky  district  are  given.  This branch work within the Tyumen Industrial University may become the basis for creation of its own scientific school for the preservation and use of cultural heritage objects, for the development of a methodology for integrating heritage into modern economic reality.

scholarly journals Measuring the contribution of mobility to malaria persistence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira da Costa Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Torres Codeço ◽  
Leonardo Soares Bastos ◽  
Raquel Martins Lana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Perspective Change ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background: To achieve the goal of malaria elimination, it is important to determine the role of human mobility of maintain parasite transmission. The Alto Jurua basin (Brazil) has one of the largest prevalence of malaria vivax and malaria falciparum in the Amazon. The goal of this work was to estimate the contribution of human commutation on the persistence of malaria in this region using data from a origin-destination survey.Methods: Data from the origin-destination survey was used to describe the intensity and motivation for commutation between rural settlements and urban areas in two municipalities, Mancio Lima and Rodrigues Alves. The relativetime-person spent in each locality per household was estimated. A logistic model was fitted to estimate the effect of commuting on the probability of getting malaria for a householder from a zone of residence commuting to another zone.Results: Our main results suggest that this population is not very mobile. 96% of household reported spending more than 90% of the annual person-hour at localities within the same zone of residence. Study and work are the most prevalent motivations for commuting, 40.5% and 29.5% respectively. Spending person-hours in urban Rodrigues Alves conferred relative protection to the residents of urban Mancio Lima. On the other hand, spending time in urban Rodrigues Alves conferred protection against malaria for those living in urban Mancio Lima. The opposite effect occurs for those spending time in the rural areas of both municipalities.Conclusion: In the alto Jurua region, the place one lives is a stronger determinant of malaria risk than the place ones commute. These municipalities of a hotspot of Plasmodium transmission, thus understanding the main fluxes is essential to planning control strategies because the probability of getting malaria is dependent on the intensity of transmission of both, the area of origin and the area to which the displacement take place. The natural conditions for the circulation of pathogens such as the Plasmodium spp, combined with the pattern of mobility of humans in the Amazon, make clear the need of disease control perspective change. It is essential that intersectoral public policies be the basis for health mitigation actions.

scholarly journals Efficacious Waste Organisation in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Bauchi City

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Michael C.O. Ajufoh ◽  
Murtala A. Babaji
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Management Practices

Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, aesthetics, amenity and the environment and also to recover resources. Waste management can involve solid liquid or gaseous substances with different methods and fields of emphasis for each. Waste management practices differ for developed, developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial production. This paper tries to deal with illegal and unplanned solid waste disposal; it also attempts to proffer solutions to the problem of improper waste disposal through incineration and recycling of metals, cellophane and Teflon and how Bauchi state can generate some revenue through the recycling of these waste materials. The paper also tries to educate on the problems associated with landfills while dealing briefly, on the advantages of biological processing and also how waste can be avoided and reduced. The paper also tries to present waste management concepts in relation to Bauchi city.

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