scholarly journals The role and development perspectives of small towns in central Serbia

Spatium ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Spasic ◽  
Jasna Petric
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Classification ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
The One

The link between urban centers and the countryside, including movement of people, goods, capital and other social exchanges, play an important role in processes of rural and urban change of a country. Major demographic and spatial changes have been typical for Serbia in the second half of the 20th century, caused by a dynamic primary urbanization process, i.e. by intense migration trends between rural areas and towns (cities). A special attention in this paper is given to the small urban centers in Serbia (small towns with population of less than 20,000) as the first magnet in proximate contact with the rural surroundings, and the one that therefore could have the greatest influence on organization structure and development prospects of the rural areas. In addition to being difficult to substantiate criteria for urban classification, small towns themselves do not represent a homogeneous group of settlements, and this makes it even harder to put up generalizations that would fit to all the settlements of this kind either within our country or cross-borders. However, here are identified certain common features for the small towns in Central Serbia and their development perspective is analyzed in relation to medium towns and cities of the same territory in consideration. Finally, this paper discusses the importance of policies for small town development in light of a real risk that the process of globalisation may lead to the justification of a new concentration of activities in the large cities, increasing the already significant regional differences in living conditions and economic development.

scholarly journals ROMANIAN SMALL TOWNS SEARCHING FOR THEIR IDENTITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela ZAMFIR ◽  
Cristian TĂLÂNGĂ ◽  
Ilinca Valentina STOICA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Rural Character ◽  
The One

Romanian small towns - urban settlements of less than 20000 inhabitants, having a polarizing function with respect to the socio-economic activities in the deeply rural areas - are considered an interface between rural and urban communities. Determining the identity of small towns is rather difficult, because complex and varied political, social and economic changes occurred in the previous century. Thus, three distinct phases have been established: before 1950 the towns had a rather strong rural character; in 1950-1989 their identity was completely changed under the communist regime; after that, they somehow re gained their initial identity (the one before 1950), or promoted it at higher levels. There is a discrepancy between the present stage and that before 1989: the previous identity was conventional and constrained whereas today it develops in a natural process conditioned only by the town itself and by the choice of its inhabitants.

scholarly journals ROMANIAN SMALL TOWNS SEARCHING FOR THEIR IDENTITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela ZAMFIR ◽  
Cristian TĂLÂNGĂ ◽  
Valentina STOICA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Rural Character ◽  
The One

Romanian small towns - urban settlements of less than 20000 inhabitants, having a polarizing function with respect to the socio-economic activities in the deeply rural areas - are considered an interface between rural and urban communities. Determining the identity of small towns is rather difficult, because complex and varied political, social and economic changes occurred in the previous century. Thus, three distinct phases have been established: before 1950 the towns had a rather strong rural character; in 1950-1989 their identity was completely changed under the communist regime; after that, they somehow re gained their initial identity (the one before 1950), or promoted it at higher levels. There is a discrepancy between the present stage and that before 1989: the previous identity was conventional and constrained whereas today it develops in a natural process conditioned only by the town itself and by the choice of its inhabitants.

Transformation of Rural Areas with High Urban Impact: the Example of the Largest Cities in the Warmia and Mazury Region

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczepanska ◽  
Monika Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska ◽  
Iwona Krzywnicka ◽  
Adam Senetra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Urban Impact ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The City

The paper discusses rural transformations resulting from urban influences. The analyzed area consists of rural municipalities (the smallest administrative units in Poland) in the immediate vicinity of Olsztyn, Elblag and Ełk – the largest cities in Warmia and Mazury. The type and rate of social and spatial changes in rural areas with high urban impact were analyzed. The following issues have been addressed: – a comparison between demographic changes in rural municipalities neighboring on urban centres and demographic changes in the city, – changes in the land use structure of rural municipalities neighboring on urban centers, with particular emphasis on open and protected spaces, – architectural changes in the analyzed suburban areas, – landscape changes in the analyzed suburban areas.

Women and Apartheid

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Healy-Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
White Women ◽  
African Women ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Racial Lines

Apartheid, the system of racial and ethnic separation introduced in South Africa in 1948, was a gendered project. The immediate goal of the white Afrikaner men who led the apartheid state was to control black men: to turn black men from perceived political and criminal threats into compliant workers. Under apartheid, African men would travel to work for whites in towns and on mines, but their homes would be in rural ethnic “reserves,” known as “homelands” or “Bantustans.” This vision depended on the labors of African women: while their men migrated to work, women were to maintain their families in the increasingly overcrowded and desolate countryside, reproducing the workforce cheaply while instilling a sense of ethnic difference in their children. “Coloured” (mixed-race) and Indian women were similarly charged with social reproduction on a shoestring, in segregated rural and urban areas. White women uniquely had the franchise and freedom of movement, but they were also constrained by sexually repressive laws. Apartheid’s gendered vision of production and social reproduction faced continual resistance, and it ultimately failed. First, it failed because African women increasingly moved from rural areas to urban centers, despite laws limiting their mobility. Second, it failed because some women organized across ethnic and racial lines. They often organized as mothers, demanding a better world for a new generation. Both their nationally and internationally resonant campaigns—against pass laws, educational and health care inequities, police brutality, and military conscription—and the fact of their collective organization gradually undermined apartheid. Officials generally underestimated the power of women, and their contributions have continued to be under-appreciated since apartheid ended in 1994, because women’s political style emphasized personal and familial concerns. But because apartheid was premised on transforming how families lived, actions of women in fact undermined the system from its core.

scholarly journals Who Criticizes the Clergy in Contemporary Lithuania? A Sociohistorical Analysis of Anticlericalism

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Milda Alisauskiene ◽  
Apolonijus Zilys
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Roman Catholics

This paper analyzes the phenomenon of anticlericalism in contemporary Lithuania, applying a sociohistorical approach. It starts with a discussion on the problem of criticism of religion and anticlericalism in contemporary societies, and particularly Lithuania. The empirical part of the paper provides a statistical data analysis of two surveys, conducted in 2012 and 2018. The secondary data analysis showed that age and place of residence of Roman Catholics in Lithuania were statistically meaningful factors for the formation of anticlerical stances. Younger respondents expressed more critical stances towards the clergy, while respondents living in large cities of the country had more relaxed stances towards clergy than those living in small towns and rural areas. Living in a proximity to a Roman Catholic church in rural areas determined the prevalent anticlerical attitudes among the Lithuanian population.

scholarly journals Rural-urban differences in children’s musculosceletal injuries in North-eastern Poland

2019 ◽  
pp. 557-566
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Northeastern Poland

OBJECTIVE. To investigate rural-urban differences in severity of injuries, by means of age, sex and duration of hospitalization of injured children in northeastern Poland. METHODS. The study included children admitted to the Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology in between 2002-2005 (1322 patients) and 2012-2013 (1725 patients) due to injury. We applied the rural-urban division on the base of number of inhabitants (rural – below, urban – over 25000). We divided injuries into four categories based on severity. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the risk of hospitalization due to different types of injuries among children in different age and sex groups, living in rural and urban areas RESULTS. Children from urban areas have a higher risk of hospitalization compared to their peers living in rural areas due to two least severe categories of injuries. Children from rural areas had much higher risk of hospitalization due to most severe injuries. Results were consistent for both time intervals.. The average duration of hospitalization was significantly longer among rural populations. However, in both rural and urban areas the mean length of stay has been shortened in comparison with the years 2002-2005. The average age of urban patients has been reduced over the years and remained stable among rural population. In both groups boys comprised the majority of patients with all kinds of injuries. CONCLUSIONS. Analysis of the risk of hospitalization among children from rural and urban areas brings constructive conclusions only after applying the division based on severity of injuries. Children living in rural areas and small towns are at a higher risk of suffering severe injuries that pose a risk of permanent disability, and of longer hospitalization because of them, compared to children living in larger cities.

Rural-to-Urban Migration and the Urban Labour Market: the Case of India

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-218
Author(s):  
Arup Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Agglomeration Effects ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Informal Sector

In relation to urbanization, findings suggest that the unemployment rate after migration tends to decline. States with higher urbanization levels reveal a larger increase in regular wage employment after migration. With an increase in city size, the migration rate rises mainly because employment prospects are better in large cities due to agglomeration effects. Migration, urban informal sector employment, and the proportion of the Scheduled Caste population in urban and rural areas are all positively associated, suggesting that the socially backward groups are more likely to migrate from rural areas and get absorbed in the urban informal sector. This pattern is accompanied by a decline in the incidence of poverty in both rural and urban areas: even the urban informal sector activities are able to provide relatively better job opportunities and higher living standards.

Rural–Urban Linkages in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 762-784
Author(s):  
Tadele Ferede ◽  
Belay File
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Locational Advantage ◽  
Processed Products

Rural and urban areas are linked by the reciprocal exchange of unprocessed and processed products and services. The main thrust of this chapter is to quantify the extent of rural–urban linkages by demand and production-based characteristics, using a social accounting matrix (SAM) framework and temporal changes in household consumption. The scale of the links between agriculture and non-agricultural activities, especially manufacturing, appears to be weak despite rapid economic growth over the last couple of decades. The spatial aspects of rural–urban linkages indicates that small towns appear to have strong linkages with rural areas compared to big cities and towns, as small towns have locational advantage. Changes in household demand also affect rural–urban linkages. The future of rural transformation can be shaped by targeted investments in small urban areas and this has the potential to speed up rural transformation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Land-Use Change between 2012–2018 in Europe in Terms of Sustainable Development

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gibas ◽  
Agnieszka Majorek
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Almost All

This article presents methodology of land use change assessment in the context of sustainable development and the results of its application based on the transformations that occurred in individual areas of Europe in the years 2012–2018. This method is based on data from the CORINE (CO-oRdination of INformation on Environment) Land Cover program) and local government units presenting the degree of urbanization (DEGURBA). The transformations taking place in space were evaluated and reduced to economic, social, and environmental dimensions. We then analyzed the results in terms of space (covering almost all of Europe) and in terms of division (large cities, small towns, suburbs, and rural areas). Results indicate that development of the economic dimension most often takes place at the expense of natural resources. It was also determined that the higher the population density, the greater the sustainable development differentiation level in the analyzed dimensions, of which the social dimension was characterized by the lowest differentiation and the economic dimension was highest. The development of rural areas was found to be less sustainable than large urban centers. Interpretation of the results also leads to the conclusion that areas of Europe are very diverse in terms of sustainable development. However, the method itself, despite the imperfections observed by the authors, may be used in further or similar studies.

scholarly journals The Trends in the Development of Scientific and Educational Space in Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Gusev ◽  
◽  
Egor A. Kuzmin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Elite Education ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
The One ◽  
Intellectual Potential

The article considers the fundamental concept of «scientific and educational space» as the integration of two fundamental spheres – science and education, on the one hand, and the territorial space of our country, on the other. The article deals with the trends in the development of scientific and educational space and their interaction with the Russian urban environment and province. The problem of increasing the human and intellectual potential of the territory is studied. The positive aspects of integration relations between education, territories and the contradictions that arise when the main actors of the scientific and educational space interact are considered. In particular, the contradictions between the elite and egalitarian education, the concentration of elite education in large cities and the one-sided interaction between large cities as the centers of scientific and educational space and remote territories are revealed. Besides, the problems of the outflow of promising population and youth from rural areas from the province to large cities are discussed. It is concluded, due to the development of industry, the availability of jobs with high wages, preserving the existing potential of the educational institutions in the province make it possible to further develop scientific-educational spheres.

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