scholarly journals Blaming sexual violence victims in the context of internalized sexism and female intragender hostility

Sociologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-707
Author(s):  
Biljana Simeunovic-Patic
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Rape Myths ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Female Victim ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Key Features

Blaming women victims of sexual violence is a widespread, stubborn and serious problem. The discourse on ?guilt? and the credibility of victims based on rape myths is common and universal, and the same is true for the phenomenon of intra-female victim blaming. This paper focuses on existing knowledge on the origins and key features of internalized sexism and female intra-gender hostility, which are assumed to generate the most of sexual violence victims? blaming by other women from the general population, as well as by women who professionally come in contact with the victims of sexual offenses.

scholarly journals Rape Myth Acceptance In College Students: A Literature Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Iconis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
College Women ◽  
Rape Myths ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rape Myth ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Sexual Assaults

Sexual violence is a common phenomenon in the United States.  College women appear to be at an even higher risk than those in the general population.  Though there is much we still do not know about the causes of sexual violence, the acceptance of rape myths has been associated with the perpetration of sexual assaults.

Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: Cortisol Levels in Women Victims and their Children

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana G. Boeckel ◽  
Ledo Daruy-Filho ◽  
Manuela Martinez ◽  
Thiago Viola ◽  
Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Dispelling a Myth: Reevaluating the Predictive Validity of Rape Myth Acceptance for Likelihood of Engaging in Sexual Violence

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107906322110262
Author(s):  
Annabelle Frazier ◽  
Joseph E. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Rape Myths ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Rape Myth ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
College Age ◽  
Recent Attention

Sexual violence prevention on college campuses has received significant recent attention. A prevalent intervention paradigm has centered around re-educating young people around consent and reduce endorsement of “rape myths,” based on the correlation between rape myths and sexual violence incidents. Yet many of these programs have not measurably reduced sexual assaults. We evaluated the predictive value of a rape myth measure, as compared with other predictors (criminal history, childhood victimization, aggressive tendencies, substance use, and empathy), in predicting self-reported acts of forcible and incapacitated sexual assault in college-age men ( N = 304) from 45 U.S. states. Across three logistic regression model pairs, rape myths were weakly associated with violence when considered as sole predictors. However, this predictive power dissipated when other predictors were included. Comprehensive models accounted significantly better for variability in outcomes; with criminal history demonstrating consistent predictive effects. Based on these findings, we recommend further research into prevention programming based on other predictors of violence.

scholarly journals Countertransference in the initial visit of women victims of sexual violence

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Eizirik ◽  
Sidnei Schestatsky ◽  
Letícia Kruel ◽  
Lúcia Helena Freitas Ceitlin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Defense Style ◽  
Defense Style Questionnaire ◽  
Differential Pattern ◽  
Female Therapists

OBJECTIVE: To identify demographic and clinical correlates associated with therapists' countertransference feelings on the first visit of women victims of sexual violence. METHOD: Forty patients were seen by 26 therapists, during 2 consecutive years, at the Center for the Study and Treatment of Psychological Trauma, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Brazil. After the first visit with the patient, the therapist completed the Assessment of Countertransference Scale and the patient was evaluated with the Davidson Trauma Scale, the Standardized Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Defense Style Questionnaire. RESULTS:The therapists showed a predominance of feelings of closeness (Mean = 5.42, SD = 1.25) in relation to the feelings of indifference (Mean = 1.82, SD = 1.22) and distance (Mean = 1.57, SD = 1.08) [p < 0.001]. Multivariate analyses did not present significant associations between countertransference feelings and clinical characteristics of patients. The gender of the therapists did not influence the pattern of countertransference feelings. In the subgroup of female therapists, we detected an inverse correlation between a higher probability of patients' personality disorders and feelings of closeness in the therapists. CONCLUSION: We did not detect a differential pattern of countertransference feelings associated with specific clinical characteristics. Therapists of both genders presented a similar pattern of feelings of empathy towards women victims of sexual violence, although the gender of the therapist may moderate the feelings evoked by patients with increased likelihood of personality disorders.

scholarly journals SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG ADOLESCENT AND ADULT WOMEN VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. e000320
Author(s):  
Jefferson Drezett ◽  
Maria Misrelma Moura Bessa ◽  
Vitor Engrácia Valenti ◽  
Fernando Adami ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

scholarly journals Sexual Violence and Victim Blaming in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Emmanuel E. Nwusulor ◽  
◽  
Ifeoma I. Onwubiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
African Country ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Major Factors

Aims and Objectives To determine the trend and pattern of sexual violence and victim blaming in Nigeria, which is associated with a range of health consequences, to publish the trend and proffer solutions on how to stem the tide. Methods Questionnaires were administered to individuals physically by hand as well as electronically via online social media groups. Results In this study carried out between July 2019 and August 2020, the opinion of 251 respondents comprising 153 males (61%) and 98 females (39%) between ages 23 and 60 years, were sought concerning who to blame in a sexual violence event: 150 (60%) comprising 120 males (45%) and 30 females (15%) blamed the victim: 80 (31%) comprising 26 males (10%) and 54 females (21%) blamed the perpetrators, while 21 (9%) comprising 7 males (3%) and 14 females (6%) were indifferent. Conclusion Victim blaming is prevalent in Nigeria and this has been one of the major factors that make sexual violence the fastest growing crime in this most populated Sub-Saharan African Country.

Rethinking Rape in the American Cultural and Literary Landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Robin E. Field
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Rape Myths ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
American Fiction ◽  
Consciousness Raising ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Second Wave

The introduction establishes the urgency of the feminist project of the 1970s to challenge the prevalent rape myths of the twentieth century: rape does not exist; women should simply enjoy sex even when they are forced into the act; and violent sex is pornographic and titillating, but not a crime. Earlier representations of rape in American fiction were not told through the perspective of the victim; instead, an unsympathetic bystander or even the perpetrator recounts the events. Women began portraying rape as rape—as a violent, nonconsensual act—once second-wave feminists challenged rape myths through consciousness-raising sessions, publications, and public activism. The resultant new genre of fiction, the rape novel, prioritizes the survivor and her physical and psychological trauma. The rape novel works to change the culture that allows rape and sexual violence to occur, demonstrating the transformative power of literature to educate, inspire activism, and promote healing.

scholarly journals Racism in health services: a lack of care of violence against black women victims of sexual violence Racismo nos serviços de saúde: a ausência do cuidado com as mulheres negras vítimas de violência sexual

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Alba Jean Batista Viana ◽  
Eduardo Sérgio Soares Sousa ◽  
Ednalva Maciel Neves
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Women Victims

Objetivo: analisar o acesso e a utilização das práticas de saúde prestada a 40 mulheres em situação de violência sexual em um serviço público de saúde de referência na Paraíba. Método: estudo documental descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, realizado em um serviço público do Estado da Paraíba de referência para assistência às mulheres em situação de violência sexual. Resultados: em 39% dos casos a frequência maior das agressões predominou nas mulheres de classe social de baixa renda, entre 10 - 20 anos e 20% se encontravam grávidas no momento da agressão. As maiores vítimas foram mulheres negras (72%). O tipo de violência sexual mais empregado foi o estupro (59%). Além da demora em iniciar o atendimento e realizar exames, a profilaxia AIDS e anticoncepção de emergência, em 69% das notificações não foram registradas. Conclusão: Estes aspectos revelam o racismo e as precárias condições de saúde das mulheres negras, sugerindo uma possível não valorização por parte dos profissionais, semelhante ao que ocorre em outros espaços sociais na nossa sociedade. Descritores: violência sexual; desigualdades étnico-raciais; atenção à saúde; direitos humanos e sociais.

scholarly journals Why Women Are Blamed for Being Sexually Harassed: The Effects of Empathy for Female Victims and Male Perpetrators

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Bongiorno ◽  
Chloe Langbroek ◽  
Paul G. Bain ◽  
Michelle Ting ◽  
Michelle K. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
University Students ◽  
Victim Blame ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Female Victim ◽  
Victim Empathy ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Vignette Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Male Perpetrator

The #MeToo movement has highlighted the widespread problem of men’s sexual harassment of women. Women are typically reluctant to make a sexual-harassment complaint and often encounter victim-blaming attitudes when they do, especially from men. Informed by the social identity perspective, two experiments examined the influence of empathy—both for women who are sexually harassed and for male harassers—on men’s and women’s propensity to blame victims. In Study 1, university students ( N = 97) responded to a vignette describing a male student’s harassment of a female student. Men blamed the victim more than women, which was explained by their greater empathy for the male perpetrator but not lesser empathy for the female victim. Using the same vignette, Study 2 asked university students ( N = 135) to take either the male perpetrator’s or the female victim’s perspective. Regardless of participant gender, participants who took the male-perpetrator’s perspective versus the female-victim’s perspective reported greater victim blame, and this was explained by their greater empathy for the male perpetrator and lesser empathy for the female victim. Together, the findings provide evidence to suggest that male-perpetrator empathy may be equally or more important than female-victim empathy for explaining victim blame for sexual harassment. Implications for social change, including policies to limit the effects of male-perpetrator empathy when responding to sexual-harassment complaints are discussed. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319868730

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