scholarly journals Status of persons with mental disability deprived of liberty

Sociologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-879
Author(s):  
Milos Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Mental Disability ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status

This article analyzes the status of persons with mental disability deprived of liberty in institutions of detention, such as psychiatric hospitals, institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions, police stations and various types of social welfare institutions of the home type (including geriatric institutions and homes for the elderlies). Different grounds and forms of their deprivation of liberty were examined and structured; the shortcomings in the current regulations, their compliance with international standards, and the omissions in their implementation, are pointed out; a number of unfavorable aspects of deprivation of liberty are presented, which in practice are faced by people with mental disability. Particular attention is paid to the fact that persons with mental disability are exposed to increased risk of torture and other forms of abuse during their deprivation of liberty, which can be a causative factor in the emergence or a significant promoter in further deterioration of their mental illness.

CRIMINAL LAW IN PROTECTION OF HEALTH FROM THE ABUSE OF DRUGS IN SERBIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1939-1946
Author(s):  
Miodrag Simović ◽  
Dragan Jovašević ◽  
Marina M. Simović
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Republic ◽  
To Come ◽  
Practical Sense

Based on international standards adopted within the framework and under the Organisation of the United Nations, all national legislations recognise several different types and forms of criminal acts regarding misuse of narcotics. It is the matter of various activities of unauthorized production, traffic and other forms of inciting or enabling others to come into possession of narcotics for immediate use, which seriously endangers the health and life.Depending on the needs of each individual state, the distinction is made between the offenses, for the perpetrators are given different types and measures of penalties and other criminal sanctions. A similar situation exists in the Republic of Serbia.The paper analyzes the system of criminal offenses in various types and forms of manifestation in the theoretical and practical sense for whose offenders that are prescribed serious criminal sanctions.

Nutritional Intervention May Improve Body Mass Index of Malnourished Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients – A Preliminary Observation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Hou Y.C. ◽  
Hsieh Y.L. ◽  
Tzeng I.S. ◽  
Kuo C.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Calorie ◽  
Total Calorie Intake

Malnutrition is an important issue in hospitalized patients. Poor nutrition may lead to increased risk of morbidity and death, impaired mental and physical conditions, apathy, depression, self-neglect, increased risk of medical complications, increased risk of pressure ulcers, reduced immune response, delayed wound healing, longer hospital stays, and reduced quality of life. However, few studies have investigated malnutrition in psychiatric patients. Psychiatric patients are known to have an increased risk of malnutrition, but psychiatric hospitals rarely conduct physical examinations and nutritional assessments. In this preliminary study, patients from a psychiatric ward of the Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital were chosen using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. We used the before-and-after analysis to test the effect of a nutrition intervention on the selected parameters. We found that patients who had an impaired nutritional status showed significant increases in body weight (mean: 43.6 ± 7.5 vs. 46.5 ± 8.2 kg; P < 0.001), BMI (mean: 16.8 ± 2.0 vs. 17.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2; P < 0.001), and total calorie intake (mean: 1128 ± 230 vs. 1378 ± 320 Kcal; P < 0.001). Nutritional intervention significantly improved body weight, BMI, and total calorie intake. Nutritional intervention may help prevent malnutrition and improve the management of psychiatric patients.

The Capacity of a Specific Anti-Streptococcus Mutans Monoclonal Antibodies Test to Identify the Diabetic Patients with Increased Risk of Periodontal Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2556-2559
Author(s):  
Mona Ionas ◽  
Sebastian Ioan Cernusca Mitariu ◽  
Adela Dancila ◽  
Tiberiu Horatiu Ionas ◽  
Raluca Monica Comaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
A Value ◽  
Salivary Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status

By means of a specific anti-Streptococcus mutans monoclonal antibodies test we want to identify the diabetic patients which have an increased risk to develop the periodontal disease. The highest percentage, of 88.1% of all patients included in this study represents the subjects with a level greater than 500,000 cfu / mL of streptococcus mutans. The Kruskal-Wallis test reveals a value of p = 0.283 resulted from the status of diabetes in patients and the level of streptococcus mutans in saliva. In conclusion, the status of diabetes in patients seems not to influence the salivary level of mutans streptococci determined with the method used in our study.

Occupational Stress, Mental Health and Attitude Towards Mental Illness of Nursing Staff Working in General and Psychiatric Hospital: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Lukose ◽  
Abdul Azeez E.P.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Role Overload

Nurses are identified as one of the professional groups with high level of job related stress and related issues. The magnitude of the problem this segment faces is very intensive as a large number of them are women. They are victimized for multiple roles in the home and hospital. Stressors for nurses are always been identified with workload, dual role and pressures which are associated with demands of the existing working environment. The nature of illness/diseases a nurse dealing with has significant effects on the stress and mental health level. Healthcare professionals dealing with psychiatric illness and other chronic/traumatic conditions faces more stress while comparing to the other domains of healthcare. The present study is a cross sectional hospital based study carried out at four centres and 100 samples were collected by judgmental sampling method which consisted of 50 female nursing staff from general hospital and same number from psychiatric hospitals. A socio-demographic data sheet along with General Health Questionnaire was administered and those who have satisfactory health have been considered as further samples. Mental health, stress level, and attitude towards mental illness were analyzed. The results shows that psychiatric nursing staff scored higher in overall occupational stress index and in the subs-domains of role overload, role ambiguity, role conflict, role unreasonable group and political pressure compared to general nursing staff. Also the mental health inventory total score is negatively correlated with role overload sub-domain of occupational stress index scale. Present study implicates the need of comprehensive psycho-social management plans for the professionals working in psychiatric hospitals.

Why Not Allow FASB and IASB Standards to Compete in the U.S.?

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Dye ◽  
Shyam Sunder
Keyword(s):  
Network Externalities ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
Informative Signals ◽  
The U.S

This paper discusses arguments for and against introducing competition into the accounting standard-setting process in the U.S. by allowing individual corporations to issue financial reports prepared in accordance with either FASB or IASB rules. The paper examines several arguments supporting the status quo, including (1) the FASB's experience and world leadership in making accounting rules; (2) the increased risk of a “race to the bottom” under regulatory competition; (3) the inability of most users of financial reports to understand the complex technical issues underlying accounting standards; (4) the possibility that IASB's standards will be diluted to gain international acceptance, allowing additional opportunities for earnings management; (5) the risks of the IASB being deadlocked or captured by interests hostile to business; (6) the costs of experimentation in standard setting; and (7) economies from network externalities. Arguments examined on the other side include how competition will (1) help meet the needs of globalized businesses; (2) increase the likelihood that the accounting standards will be efficient; (3) help protect standard setters from undue pressure from interest groups; (4) allow different standards to develop for different corporate clienteles; (5) allow corporations to send more informative signals by their choice of accounting standards; (6) protect corporations against capture of regulatory body by narrow interests; and (7) not affect network externalities at national or global scales.

Help Me Understand: Providing Palliative Care to Individuals With Serious Mental Illness

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110107
Author(s):  
Kate L. M. Hinrichs ◽  
Cindy B. Woolverton ◽  
Jordana L. Meyerson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Palliative Care Teams

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) have shortened life expectancy with increased risk of developing comorbid medical illnesses. They might have difficulty accessing care and can be lost to follow-up due to complex socioeconomic factors, placing them at greater risk of dying from chronic or undiagnosed conditions. This, in combination with stigma associated with SMI, can result in lower quality end-of-life care. Interdisciplinary palliative care teams are in a unique position to lend assistance to those with SMI given their expertise in serious illness communication, values-based care, and psychosocial support. However, palliative care teams might be unfamiliar with the hallmark features of the various SMI diagnoses. Consequently, recognizing and managing exacerbations of SMI while delivering concurrent palliative or end-of-life care can feel challenging. The goal of this narrative review is to describe the benefits of providing palliative care to individuals with SMI with concrete suggestions for communication and use of recovery-oriented language in the treatment of individuals with SMI. The salient features of 3 SMI diagnoses—Bipolar Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, and Schizophrenia—are outlined through case examples. Recommendations for working with individuals who have SMI and other life-limiting illness are provided, including strategies to effectively manage SMI exacerbations.

Antimicrobial Resistance Control Strategies: A Coordinated Research Initiative Experience in the Asia Pacific Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Lisette Lapierre ◽  
Gabriela Asenjo ◽  
Constanza Vergara ◽  
Javiera Cornejo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
The Status ◽  
Survey Results

The objective was to gather information on the status of antimicrobial surveillance in the Asia Pacific region and suggest control strategies. Twenty-one economies of the Asia Pacific region participated in this initiative. A survey was conducted on antimicrobial use and surveillance throughout the region. A workshop was carried out to create awareness about the issue and discuss the implementation of control strategies. Based on the survey results and workshop conclusions, it can be established that there is better understanding of the implications of antimicrobial resistance in the human medicine area. Only few economies take actions to control antimicrobial resistance on a veterinary/agricultural level. To confront antimicrobial resistance, it is critical to raise awareness; cooperation between all countries is needed to apply international standards, to be able to have harmonized public policies. Countries must align and improve their systems for surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in human, animals, and the environment.

Varieties of Precarity: How Insecure Work Manifests Itself, Affects Well-Being, and Is Shaped by Social Welfare Institutions and Labor Market Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hande Inanc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Labor Market Policies ◽  
Welfare Institutions

Precarious Lives addresses one of the most important developments in employment relations in the neoliberal era: increase in labor precarity and the subsequent decline in employee well-being. Drawing on data on social welfare institutions and labor market policies in six rich democracies, the author shows that work is less precarious, and workers are happier, when institutions and policies provide job protection, and put in place support systems to buffer job loss.

scholarly journals Ethics Committee as A Tool to Improve the Management of Psychological and Pedagogical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Alexey Mikhailovich Dvoinin ◽  
Svetlana Evgenievnа Shukshina ◽  
Andrey Andreevich Sevalnikov ◽  
Irina Sergeevna Bulanova ◽  
Henndy Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Committee ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Ethical Violations ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Status ◽  
Academic Practices ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
The University

The article considers the problem of low quality pedagogical and psychological/pedagogical research in the Russian academic context, closely interconnected with bad academic practices in conducting this kind of research. The authors identified the most common ethical violations, including imitation of scientific research, compiling scientific texts, falsification of results, incorrect borrowing, etc. The paper contains a pre-project analysis of the management model of psychological and pedagogical research common in modern Russian universities and conclusions on its failure in the conditions of transition to the global standards for assessing the quality of education and research. The authors present an approach to the development of a model for managing psychological and pedagogical research at the university level. The proposed model is based on international standards of scientific ethics and principles of evidence-based science, and the committee on the ethics of psychological and pedagogical research is its key element. The paper determines the status, structure, functions of the ethics committee, as well as specific features and possible risks of implementing the proposed alternative model in universities with serious problems in the field of good academic practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document